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In simple language, research means searching for knowledge. It is expected that any research output is a product of
novel ideas and shows originality.
The Merriam-Webster online dictionary expands this definition as a
“careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about Research Process
something.”
Choose and define a topic
According to research authors: Write the problem statement or general problem that the
research aims to answer
Systematic inquiry that is designed to collect, analyze and Write down all the gathered relevant information in line
interpret data to understand, describe or predict with the topic and logically organize the outline
phenomenon. Develop research strategy to save time and effort in
conducting the research
Formal and disciplined application of scientific inquiry to Evaluate and check the credibility of the sources employed
the study of problems. in the research
Write, revise and check the contents of the paper
Among its practical applications are discovering medical
Cite documents or sources properly to be able to establish
breakthroughs, advancing technological developments and
the credibility of the research.
understanding and solving problems in education, business,
economy and society. Ethics in Research
Importance of Research Ethics are norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable
and unacceptable behaviour.
1. Gather Relevant Information
1. Honesty
Results of research (es) are used as a springboard in
Do not fabricate, falsify or misrepresent data.
conducting more researches or in planning new projects.
2. Objectivity
2. Improve Quality of Life Avoid or minimize self-deception.
3. Integrity
Geared toward improving quality of life. The major Keep your promises and agreements; act with
breakthroughs are all possible because of researches sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and
conducted. Through continuous research these action.
breakthroughs are further improved to make people’s lives 4. Carefulness
convenient and comfortable. Keep good records of research activities such as
data collection, research design and
3. Understand History correspondence with agencies.
5. Openness
Understanding history can help us better understand our
Be open to new ideas and criticism.
current society and the behaviour of the people.
6. Respect for intellectual property
4. Personal and professional Development Give proper acknowledgement or credit for all
contributions to research never plagiarize.
Research challenges us to become better individuals 7. Confidentiality
through the new ideas, perspectives and skills that we can Protect confidential communications and
get when doing research. personal information of your respondents.
8. Social Responsibility
Characteristics of Good Research Strive to promote social good and prevent or
mitigate social harms through research, public
Research is empirical
education and advocacy.
It uses facts and data that are obtained through a 9. Competence
thorough investigation. Maintain and improve your social competence
and expertise through lifelong education and
Research is analytical learning.
10. Legality
The researcher carefully analyses and interprets the Know and obey relevant laws and institutional
gathered data before arriving at a conclusion. and governmental policies.
11. Animal Care
Research is systematic
Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed
It follows procedure in order to obtain objective results. animal experiments.
12. Human Subjects Protection
Research is cyclical When conducting research to human subjects,
minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits;
It begins with a problem and ends with the resolution or respect human dignity and privacy; take special
tentative answers to the problem to complete the cycle. precautions with vulnerable populations; strive
This only means that every step in the research process is to distribute the benefits and burden of research
vital to the success of the research. fairly.
RESEARCH (MODULE 2)
Difference between qualitative and quantitative research Example of quantitative research topics:
Looking at these examples, you may say that the kind of data that
can be generated is numerical. The primary data is obtained from
existing data or experiment.
Like for instance, population rate, you may the get data from the
available statistics and predict the rate in the next 20 years using a
statistical formula.