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Matematika (LEO) (Yomath)
𝑑𝑖 𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟
Langkah 3:
𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1 → 2 + 4 + 6 … + 2𝑘 + 2(𝑘 + 1) = 𝑘 + 1(𝑘 + 1 + 1)
𝑘(𝑘 + 1) + 2𝑘 + 2 = 𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 𝑘 + 2
𝑘 2 + 𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 2 = 𝑘 2 + 3𝑘 + 2
𝑘 2 + 3𝑘 + 2 = 𝑘 2 + 3𝑘 + 2
𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1 → 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟
2𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
2. 22 + 42 + 62 + ⋯ + (2𝑛)2 =
3
Langkah 1:
2(1)(1+1)(2(1)+1)
𝑛 = 1 → (2 × 1)2 =
3
2(2)(3)
22 =
3
4(3)
22 = 𝑛 = 1 → 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟
3
12
4= =4
3
Langkah 2
2𝑘(𝑘+1)(2𝑘+1)
𝑛 = 𝑘 → (2𝑘)2 =
3
𝑑𝑖 𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟
Langkah 3:
2(𝑘+1)(𝑘+1+1)(2(𝑘+1)+1
𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1 → 22 + 42 + 62 +. . . (2𝑘)2+ (2(𝑘 + 1)2 =
3
2𝑘(𝑘+1)(2𝑘+1) 2𝑘+2(𝑘+2)(2𝑘+3)
+ (2𝑘 + 2)2 =
3 3
2𝑘 2 +2𝑘(2𝑘+1) 2𝑘 2 +4𝑘+2𝑘+4(2𝑘+3)
+ 4𝑘 2 + 8𝑘 + 4 =
3 3
𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1 → 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟
1=1
𝑛 = 1 → 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟
Langkah 2:
𝑛 = 𝑘 → (2𝑘 − 1)3 = 2𝑘 4 − 𝑘 2
𝑑𝑖 𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟
Langkah 3:
= 2𝑘 4 + 8𝑘 3 + 11𝑘 2 + 6𝑘 + 1
2𝑘 4 + 8𝑘 3 + 12𝑘 2 + 8𝑘 + 2 − 𝑘 2 − 2𝑘 − 1
= 2𝑘 4 + 8𝑘 3 + 11𝑘 2 + 6𝑘 + 1
𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1 → 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟
Langkah 1:
8 = 2(2)2
8=8
𝑛 = 1 → 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟
Langkah 2:
𝑑𝑖 𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟
Langkah 3:
2𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 2(𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 1)
= 2𝑘 4 + 8𝑘 3 + 8𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 3 + 16𝑘 2 + 16𝑘 + 2𝑘 2 + 8𝑘 + 8
= 2𝑘 2 (𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 1) + (2𝑘 + 2)3
= 2𝑘 4 + 4𝑘 3 + 2𝑘 2 + 8𝑘 3 + 24𝑘 2 + 24𝑘 + 8
4 + 16 + 36 + ⋯ + 10.000
(2𝑛)2 = 2
2(50)(50+1)(100+1
=
3
100(51)(101)
=
3
= 171.700
b. 12 + 32 + 52 + ⋯ 992
(2𝑛 − 1)2
2𝑛 − 1 = 99
2𝑛 = 100
𝑛 = 50
1
𝑛(2𝑛 − 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
3
1
= 50((2 × 50) − 1)((2 × 50) + 1)
3
1
= 50(100 − 1)(100 + 1)
3
1
= 50(90)(101)
3
499.950
=
3
= 166.650
c. 13 + 33 + 53 + ⋯ + 993
(2𝑛 − 1)3
(2𝑛 − 1) = 99
𝑛 = 50
= 99,999,900 − 970,299
= 99,029,601
d. 23 + 43 + 63 + ⋯ + 1003
(2𝑛)3 = 993
(2𝑛) = 99
𝑛 = 50
1,000,000 = 10,000(2,601)
1,000,000 = 26,010,000
= 26,010,000 − 1,000,000
= 25,010,000
Bagian B
No.1
a. Pn = ∑𝑛𝑖=1(2𝑖 − .1)(2𝑖̇)
𝑛(𝑛+1)(4𝑛−1)
=
3
𝑘(𝑘+1)(4𝑘−1)
P(k) =
3
(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2)(4𝑘+3)
P(k+1) =
3
𝑛
b. Pn = ∑𝑖̇=1(2𝑛 − 1)(2𝑖 + 1)
4𝑛3 +6𝑛2 −𝑛
=
3
4𝑘 3 +6𝑘 2 −𝑘
P(k)=
3
4𝑘 3 +6𝑘 2 −𝑘+3(2𝑘+1)(2𝑘+3)
∑𝑘𝐻
𝑖=1(2𝑗 − 1)(2𝑖 + 1) = 3
4𝑘 3 +18𝑘 2 +23𝑘+9
=
3
1 1 1 1
c. Pn = + + +⋯+
1⋅3 2⋅4 3⋅5 𝑛(𝑛+2)
𝑛(3𝑛+5)
=
4(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
1 1 1 1
P(K) = + + + ⋯+
1⋅3 2⋅4 3⋅5 𝑘(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2)
1 1 1 1 1
P(k+1)= + + +⋯+ +
1⋅3 2⋅4 3⋅5 𝑘+(𝑘+2) 𝑘(𝑘+1)(𝑘+1)+2)
(𝑘+1)(3(𝑘+1)+5)
=
4((𝑘+1)+1)((𝑘+1)+2)
No.2
6−2(1)+3
P1 =
21−1
2+3
= 6−
20
5
= 6 − = 1 (benar)
1
6−2𝑘+2+3
=
2𝑘+1 −1
6−2𝑘+5
= (benar)
2𝑘+1 +1
𝑎(𝑛+1)𝑥 −𝑎𝑥
b. Pn =
𝑎𝑥−1
𝑎2𝑥 −𝑎𝑥
= (benar)
𝑎𝑥−1
𝑎(𝑘+1)𝑥 −𝑎𝑥
= (benar)
𝑎𝑥−1
𝑎(𝑘+1)−1)𝑥 −𝑎𝑥
= (benar)
𝑎𝑥−1
1
c. Pn = 𝑛(𝑛2 − 1)
3
1
P1 = 1((1)2 − 1)
3
1
= (1)(0)
3
1
= (benar)
3
1
= (𝑘 3 − 𝑘) (benar)
3
1
= (𝑘 3 + 3𝑘 2 + 2𝑘) (benar)
3
No.3
1
a. ∑𝑛𝑟=1 𝑟(𝑟 + 3) = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 5)
3
n=1
1
1(4) = . 1(2)(6)
3
4=4
1
P(k)= 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 5)
3
𝑘 3 +9𝑘 2 +20𝑘+12 1
= (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)(𝑘 + 6)
3 3
1
b. ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑖 = 1) = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2)
3
n=1
1
𝑝(𝑘) = ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑖 = 1) = 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)
3
𝑝(𝑘 + 1) = ∑𝑘+1
𝑖=1 (𝑖 = 1) = (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)(𝑘 + 3)
1 1
𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) + (𝑘 + 1) + (𝑘 + 2) = 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)
3 3
1 1
𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) = 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)
3 3
No.4
1 1 1 𝑛
a. Pn = + + ⋯ + (2𝑛−1)(2𝑛+1) =
3 15 2𝑛+1
n=1
1 𝑛
=
(2𝑛 − 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 2𝑛 + 1
1 1
=
(2(1) − 1)(2(1) + 1) 2(1) + 1
1 1
=
3 3
n =k
1 𝑘
=
(2𝑘 − 1)(2𝑘 + 1) 2𝑘 + 1
P(k+1)
1 1 𝑘
+ =
(2𝑘 − 1)(2𝑘 + 1) [2(𝑘 + 1) − 1][2(𝑘 + 1) + 1] 2𝑘 + 1
1 1 𝑘+1
+ =
2𝑘 + 1 (2𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 3) 2𝑘 + 3
𝑘+1 𝑘+1
=
2𝑘 + 3 2𝑘 + 3
1 1 1 𝑛
b. Pn= + + ⋯ + (2𝑛)(2𝑛+2) =
8 24 4(𝑛+1)
n=1
1 𝑛
=
(2𝑛)(2𝑛 + 2) 4(𝑛 + 1)
1 𝑛
=
(2(1))(2(1) + 2) 4(1 + 1)
1 1
=
8 8
1 𝑘
P(k) = (2𝑘)(2𝑘+2) =
4(𝑘+1)
1 1 1 1
P(k+1) = + + ⋯ + (2𝑘)(2𝑘+𝑘) = [2(𝑘+1)][2(𝑘+1)+2]
8 24
𝑘 1 𝑘+1
+ =
4(𝑘 + 1) (2𝑘 + 2)(2𝑘 + 4) 4𝑘 + 8
𝑘+1 𝑘+1
=
4𝑘 + 8 4𝑘 + 8
LKS 2
1. Pn ≡ n ≤ 2n-1, untuk n ≥ 1
P(1) = 1 ≤ 20
= 1 ≤ 1 (benar)
Asumsi u/ P(k) benar, maka
P(k) = k ≤ 2k-1 (benar)
u/ P(k+1) benar, maka
P(k+1) = k+1 ≤ 2k (tujuan)
↓
𝑘 ≤ 2𝑘−1
2k +1
𝑘+1 ≤ +1
2
=k+1 ≤ 2 . 2k/2
=k+1 ≤ 2k (benar)
2. Pn ≡ (n+1)2 > n2+4, untuk n ≥ 2
u/ P(2) benar
P(2) = 32 > 22 + 4
= 9 > 8 (benar)
Asumsi u/ P(k) benar, maka
P(k) = (k+1)2 > k2+4 (benar)
u/ P(k+1) benar
P(k+1) = (k+1)2 > (k+1)2 + 4
↓
K2+ 4k+4
= (k2+2k+1) + 2k +3 > k2 + 4 + 2k + 3
= k2 + 4k + 4 > k2 + 2k + 7 > k2 + 2k + 5
𝟑𝒏 < n !
𝟑𝒏 < 7 ! n>6
Langkah 1
𝟑𝟕 < 7 !
Langkah 2
3 . 𝟑𝒏 < (n+1) . n !
𝒏+𝟏
𝟑𝒏 < n ! . ……. Terbukti
𝟑
𝒂𝒏+𝟏 = √𝟐 + 𝒂𝒏 dan 𝒂𝟏 = 3.
𝒂𝒏+𝟏 = √𝟐 + 𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝟏 = 3
Langkah 1
n=1
𝒂𝟏+𝟏 = √𝟐 + 𝒂𝟏
𝒂 𝟐 = √𝟐 + 𝟑
𝒂𝟐 =√𝟓 = 2,23
𝒂𝟐 > 2
Langkah 2
𝒂𝒏+𝟏+𝟏 = √𝟐 + 𝒂𝒏+𝟏
𝒂𝒏+𝟐 = √𝟐 + 𝒂𝒏+𝟏
𝒂𝒏+𝟐 = √𝟐 + √𝟐 + 𝒂𝒏 …………terbukti
∑ 𝟐𝒓 > 𝒏𝟐
𝒓= 𝟐
Langkah 1
r=n
n=1
2.1 > 𝟏𝟐
2 > 1………….terbukti
n=3
2+4+6+8+…..+2n > 𝑛2
n=3
2+4+6 > 32
12 > 9…………..terbukti
𝑛2 + 2 > 𝑛2 + 2n +1
𝑛2 + 2 > 𝑛2 + 1
𝑛2 > 𝑛2 + 1 – 2
𝑛2 > n – 1……….terbukti
1 1
4.if n is a positive integer and n < t < n + 1 , show that < .
𝑛+1 𝑡
n t < n+1
langkah 1
1 1
<
𝑛+1 𝑡
n=3
t = 3,5
1 1
<
3+1 3,5
1
< 0,285
4
Langkah 2
1 1
<
𝑛+1+1 𝑡+1
1 1
<
𝑛+2 𝑡+1
t+1<n+2
t< n+2–1
t < n + 1……………terbukti
x<y
Langkah 1
K= 1
𝑥 1 < 𝑦1 …………terbukti
Langkah 2
𝑥 2𝑘 . 𝑥 1 < 𝑦 2𝑘 . 𝑦1
𝑦2𝑘
X<y.
𝑥 2𝑘
Langkah 2
n = k, maka k(k2 + 2) habis dibagi 3
P(k) dianggap benar
Misalkan k(k2 + 2) = 3P, dengan P sembarangan bilangan bulat positif
Langkah 3
n = k + 1, maka (k + 1) [(k + 1)2 + 2]
(k + 1) [(k + 1)2 + 2]
(k + 1) (k2 + 2k + 1 + 2)
(k + 1) (k2 + 2k + 3)
k3 + 2k2 + 3k +2k + 3
k3 + 2k + 3k2 +3k + 3
k(k2 + 2) + 3 (k2 + k + 1)
3P + 3 (k2 + k + 1)
3 (P + k2 + k + 1) Habis dibagi 3
Maka P(k+1) juga benar
TERBUKTI
2. 5n + 3 habis dibagi 4, untuk semua bilangan asli n
Langkah 1
n = 1, maka 51 + 3 = 5 + 8 = 8 Habis dibagi 4
P(1) benar
Langkah 2
n = k, maka 5k + 3 habis dibagi 4
P(k) dianggap benar
Misalkan 5k + 3 = 4P, dengan P sembarangan nilagan bulat positif
Langkah 3
n = k + 1, maka (5k+1) + 3
(5k • 51) + 3
5 • 5k + 3
5 • 5k + 15 – 15 + 3
5 (5k + 3) – 12
5 (4P – 12)
4 (5P – 3) Habis dibagi 3
Maka P(k + 1) juga benar
TERBUKTI
Langkah 2
n = k, maka 5 adalah faktor dari 22k+1 + 32k+1
P(k) dianggap benar
Misalkan 22k+1 + 32k+1 = 5P
Langkah 3
n = k + 1, maka 22(k+1) + 1 + 32(k+1) + 1
22(k+1) + 1 + 32(k+1) + 1
22k+2+1 + 32k+2 + 1
22k+1+2 + 32k+1+2
(22k+1) (22) + (32k+1) (32)
(22k+1 + 32k+1) + 3(22k+1) + 8(32k+1)
3 8
5P + 5[ (22k+1) + (32k+1)]
5 5
Habis dibagi 5 atau faktor 5 Faktor 5
3 8
Maka 5 adalah faktor dari 5P + 5[ (22k+1) + (32k+1)]
5 5
TERBUKTI
Langkah 2
n = k, maka 6 adalah faktor dari k3 + 3k2 + 2k
P(k) dianggap benar
Misalkan k3 + 3k2 + 2k = 6P
Langkah 3
n = k+1, maka (k+1)3 + 3(k+1)2 + 2(k+1)
(k+1)3 + 3(k+1)2 + 2(k+1)
(k3+3k2+3k+1) + 3(k2+2k+1) + (2k+2)
(k3+3k2+3k+1) + (3k2+6k+3) + (2k+2)
k3 + 3k2 + 2k + 9k + 6
6P + 3(k2 + 2k + 1) • (2)
12P + 6(k2 + 2k + 1)
6 (2P + k2 + 2k + 1)
Maka 6 adalah faktor dari 6 (2P + k2 + 2k + 1)
P(k) juga benar
TERBUKTI
Langkah 2
n = k, maka 3 adalah faktor dari k3 + 2k
P(k) dianggap benar
Misalkan k3 + 2k = 3P
Langkah 3
n = k+1, maka (k+1)3 + 2(k+1)
(k+1)3 + 2(k+1)
(k3+3k2+3k+1) + (2k+2)
(k3+2k) 3k2+3k + 3
3P + 3(k2+k+1)
3(P + k2 + k + 1)
Maka 3 adalah faktor dari 3(P + k2 + k + 1)
TERBUKTI
B.Evaluasi kemampuan analisis