Solar Energy

(India)

By
Kazim Marfatiya
 What is solar energy?

• It is the radiation from the sun that is capable of producing heat,

causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity.

• The Sun daily provides about 10,000 times more energy to the Earth
than we consume.

• The earth receives 174 petawatts [1015 watts] of solar radiations

from the sun.
• The total energy absorbed by earth’s atmosphere, oceans, land
mass is 3,850,000 exajoules [1018 joules] per year.

• The energy reaching earth’s atmosphere consists of about 8% UV

radiation, 46% visible light, 46% infrared radiations.
 Why Solar Energy ?

• Solar energy is the most readily available source of energy.

• It is free.
• It is also the most important of the non-conventional sources
of energy because it is non-polluting.
• It is a renewable source of energy.
 What is a Photovoltaic Cell?

Photovoltaic cell also called solar cell, is an electrical device

that converts the energy
of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.

Light Electricity

Solar Cell (PV)

 Photovoltaic effect
• Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy that contain
various amounts of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of the
solar spectrum.

• The electrons present in the valence band absorb energy and, being excited,
jump to the conduction band and become free.

• These highly excited electrons are

accelerated into a different material by a
built-in potential.

• This generates an electromotive force, and

thus some of the light energy is converted into
electric energy.
 Concentrated Solar Power

Concentrated solar power is not a type of energy that can be installed on top of
one’s home or building. It requires the use of many mirrors across a broad expanse
of land that focuses the power of the Sun on a fixed tower. The tower contains salt
that is heated by the concentrated sunlight where it functions similar to a battery
to store heat and generate steam after the Sun sets. The design can also be altered
so that parabolic trough-shaped mirrors can concentrate sunlight onto a tube
containing fluid, generating steam and then electricity.
India’s Solar Resources
State MWp %
Gujarat 654.8 49.90
Rajasthan 510.25 38.89
Madhya
132.0 9.15
Pradesh
Andhra
41.75 3.18
Pradesh

Maharashtra 20.0 1.38

Tamil Nadu 15.0 1.14

Odisha 13.0 0.99

Uttar
12.0 0.91
Pradesh

Karnataka 9.0 0.69

Punjab 9.0 0.69

India’s solar capacity is rising, but a long way to go
India needs a stronger, more diverse electricity system
(Electricity Capacity, as at Jan’2013)

Power Generation in India

Coal
Renewables
Hydro
Nuclear
Diesel
Gas
 Role of Government

1. 51 Solar Radiation Resource Assessment stations have been installed across

India by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE) to monitor the
availability of solar energy.

2. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy provides 70 percent subsidy on the
installation cost of a solar photovoltaic power plant in North-East states and
30 percentage subsidy on other regions.

3. the government has announced an allocation of 10 billion towards

the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission(JNNSM) and the establishment
of a clean energy fund the-East states and 30 percentage subsidy on other
regions
 Application

• Agriculture and horticulture

• Water treatment
• Cooking
• Rural electrification
• Solar lamps and lightning
• Solar Vehicles
• Electrical Generation
 SOLAR ENERGY PROS
• Solar panels give off no pollution
• Solar energy produces electricity very quietly.
• It has the ability to harness electricity in remote locations that
are not linked to a national grid.
• Very efficient in large areas of the globe.
• Solar panels can be installed on top of many rooftops
• It is affordable in the long run.
• The use of solar energy to produce electricity allows the user
to become less dependent on the worlds fossil fuel supplies.
 SOLAR ENERGY CONS

• The major con of solar energy is the initial cost of solar cells.

• Solar energy is only able to generate electricity during daylight

hours. This means for around half of each day, solar panels are
not producing energy for your home.

• The weather can affect the efficiency of solar cells.

• Pollution can be a con of solar energy, as pollution levels can

affect a solar cells efficiency, this would be a major con for
businesses or industry wishing to install solar panels in heavily
polluted areas, such as cities.
 Conclusion

• The key to successful solar energy installation is to use

quality components that have long lifetimes and require
minimal maintenance.
• The future is bright for continued PV technology
dissemination.
• PV technology fills a significant need in supplying electricity,
creating local jobs and promoting economic development in
rural areas, avoiding the external environmental costs
associated with traditional electrical generation
technologies