HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): side effects, contraindications,

interactions
HMG-CoA:
· Side effects:
Hepatotoxicity
Myositis [aka rhabdomyolysis]
· Contraindications:
Girl during pregnancy/ Growing children
· Interactions:
Coumarin/ Cyclosporine

Antiarrhythmics: class III members

BIAS:
Bretylium
Ibutilide
Amiodarone
Sotalol

Beta-blockers: main contraindications, cautions

ABCDE:
Asthma
Block (heart block)
COPD
Diabetes mellitus
Electrolyte (hyperkalemia)

Clopidogrel: use
CLOPIdogrel is a drug that prevents
CLots, an Oral Platelet Inhibitor (OPI).

Amiodarone: action, side effects

6 P's:
Prolongs action potential duration
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation of skin
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis
Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism

Beta blockers: members

"The NEPAL Prime Minister":
Timolol
Nadolol
Esmolol
Pindolol
Atenolol
Labetalol
Propranolol
Metoprolol

Ca++ channel blockers: uses

CA++ MASH:
Cerebral vasospasm/ CHF
Angina
Migranes
Atrial flutter, fibrillation
Supraventricular tachycardia
Hypertension
· Alternatively: "CHASM":
Cererbral vasospasm / CHF
Hypertension
Angina
Suprventricular tachyarrhythmia
Migranes

Beta-blockers: nonselective beta-blockers

"Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem" (because he has a runny nose...):
Timolol
Pindolol
Hismolol
Naldolol
Propranolol

Antiarrhythmics: classification I to IV
MBA College· In order of class I to IV:
Membrane stabilizers (class I)
Beta blockers
Action potential widening agents
Calcium channel blockers

Enoxaprin (prototype low molecular weight heparin): action, monitoring

EnoXaprin only acts on factor Xa.
Monitor Xa concentration, rather than APTT

SIDE EFFECTS

Mnemonics For Side Effects...!!

ACEI, Side Effects

CAPTOPRIL
Cough,
anaphylaxis,
palpitations,
taste,
orthostatic ↓BP,
Potassium (↑K+),
Renal impairment,
impotence,
leucocytosis

Anti-epileptic side Effects

ABCDEFGH
Ataxia,
blood dyscrasia,
cleft lip,
dupuytrens / vit D def,
exfoliation of skin & Stevens Johnson’s. Fits,
GI upset / gum hypertrophy,
hepatitis / hairy

Barbiturate side Effects

ABCD
Ataxia,
behavioural disturbance,
↓concentration / coma,
depression / drowsy / diplopia

Cholinergic OD side Effects

DUMB BELS
Diarrhoea,
Urination,
Miosis / muscle weakness,
bronchorrea
Bradycardia,
emesis,
lacrimation,
salivation / sweating

Cyclosporin Side Effects

4HRT
4H - Hyper K+, hypertension, gum hypertrophy, hairy
R – Renal toxicity
T - Tremor
Digoxin S/E
GECCKO
GIT – n&v, abdo pain, ulcers
Eyes – blurring, halo, xanthopsia
CNS – depression, confusion, delirium, hallucinations
Cardiac – ANY arrhythmia
K - low

MAOI side Effects

3Hs
Hepatocellular jaundice,
Hyperthermia,
hypertension

TCAD side Effects

CAN WOO
Cvs,
Anticholinergic,
Neuro,
Withdrawal,
Overdose,
Others

Steroids Side Effects

HIGH COMPACT IMPS
Hypertension,
Immunosuppression,
Gastric Ulcer (bleeding),
Heartburn
Cataract,
Osteoporosis,
Muscle weakness,
Path # / Psychosis,
Acne / Altered Glucose,
Cushingoid,
Thin skin
Increased appetite,
Myopathy,
poor wound healing,
stress response reduced

Or AM CUSHINGOID
Acne,
Myopathy (prox) / muscle wasting (prox)
Cushingoid / Cataract,
Ulcers,
Striae, skin thin (bruising),
Hypertension / hairy,
Infection,
Glycosuria,
Obesity / Osteoporosis / Oedema,
Immunosuppression / Insomnia,
Depression