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1. How to control knocking in CI engine? Ans: Low self ignition temperature of fuel,
High cylinder wall temperature, High inlet temperature and pressure, High
compression ratio.
2. List out anti-knocking additives used for petrol? Ans: Tetraethyl lead, Toluene,
xylene, methanol, ethanol, alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol, tertiary butyl ether.
3. Briefly explain lubrication system of 2-Stroke engine? Ans: Mixed lubrication system:
the lubricating oil of 2-3% is directly admitted into engine cylinder along with fuel
from crankcase. Fuel-oil ratio is 50:1.
4. What are the technical aspects to phase out two-stroke vehicles by RTO in major
cities of India? Ans: 1.) Pollution from combustion of oil along with fuel 2.) leak out
of fresh air-fuel mixture with exhaust gases (Hydrocarbon leakage)
5. What are the requirements of a good ignition system? Ans: 1.) it has to transform the
normal battery voltage (6-12V) to 20,000-25,000 V. 2.) Ignition system has to provide
spark in each cylinder at appropriate time 3.) Distributor of ignition system has to
direct high voltage to proper spark plug
6. What is the purpose of ballast resistor in battery ignition system? Ans: Under
prolonged conditions of engine operation, the temperature of ignition coil increases
which can be dangerous. To prevent this ballast resistor made up of iron wire provided
in series with primary winding. Iron has the property of increasing electrical resistance
with increasing temperature. Hence ballast resistor keeps the current down to safe
value.
7. How do you prevent freezing of water in water cooling system of IC engine in cold
regions? Ans: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol and glycerine.
2. The following observations were made during a trial of a single cylinder, four stroke
gas engine having cylinder diameter of 18 cm and stroke 24 cm.
The output is found from the dynamometer using the following relation
𝑾𝑵
𝒃𝒑 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 in kW
Where, W: brake load in Newton, N: speed in rpm.
Calculate:
1.) Total indicated power 2789.2 kW (4M)
2.) Mechanical efficiency 81.66% (4M)
3.) Brake mean effective pressure 9.06 bar (4M) (12M)