hi

i)“ infectious diseases. I (4) Non Infectious Diseases: 8% Ans. Diseases which do not occur
through infections

\ and body contacts are called as non = infectious 4 diseases.

(5) Ans. Uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth is called cancer.

Cancer :

(6) Ans. Group or lump of cancerous cells is called as malignant tumor.

Malignant tumor :

Generic medicines :

(7)

Ans. General medicines, that are manufactured and distributed without any patent are known
as generic medicines.

Q.2.2. Answer in one sentence:

*(1) What is health?

Ans. It is a state of complete physical, mental and social well -beingness and not merely the
absence of any disease.

*(2) What is a disease?

Ans. I psychological processes of body is called as disease.

Give names of 5 non infectious disease other than given in the lesson.

Cataract, obesity, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis and Alzehmer’s disease.

*(3)

Ans.

(4) What do we mean by pathogen?

Ans. Disease producing germs are called as pathogens.

(5) What are the symptoms of Tuberclosis?

Ans. Symptoms of Tuberclosis are chronic cough, blood spitting, emaciation and difficult
breathing.

(6) What are droplet nuclei? Give names of 5 infectious diseases.

Ans. Infectious microbes spread through air. The

infected person throws out little droplets on coughing, sneezing. These are termed as
droplet nuclei.

Tuberculosis; flu,

common cold, dengue,

Condition of disturbances in physiological and _

Diarrhoea are the examples of Infectious

diseases.

(7) Why is rabies called as hydrophobia?

Ans. The person infected with the rabies virus is afraid 'of water so it is commonly called as
hydrophobia. I

(8) Why is it essential to take vaccines?

Ans. The resistance to the onset of a disease after infection by harmful germs is termed as
vaccination. It increases the ability to resist diseases.

* (9) What is the full form of AIDS?

Ans. Acquired Immuno Deficiency syndrome is the

full form of AIDS.

,’(10) What causes Dengue? Ans. Dengue is caused by DEN -1, 2 Virus belonging

to the type flavivirus.

‘ *(11) Where do mosquitoes lay eggs?

Ans. Mosquitoes lay eggs in water logged places increasing their population.

(12) What measures are taken by the BMC to control the population of mosquitoes?

Ans. Spraying DDT, spraying and fuming pesticides and through awareness campaigns.
*(13) What are the reasons of infection of swine flu?

Ans. Infection fer swine‘flu occurs through pigs and humans. ‘It also Spreads through
secretions of nose, throat and salive.

*(14) What are the symptoms of swine flu?

Ans. The symptoms are difficulty in breathing with sore throat and body pain.

*(15) Where are the diagnostic facilities of swine flu

available?

Diagnostic facilities are available in National

Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune and National

Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD),

D'elhi. ' '

What must we remember when we come

across an AIDS infected person?

Our behaviour with. HIV infected person must be normal as AIDS does not occur due to
touching and sharing food with HIV infected

person.

Ans.

(16)

Ans.

(17) Why is Rabies a fatal disease?

Ans. Rabies occurs due to the bite of the infected dog, rabbit, monkey, cat, etc. It enters the
brain via neurons and can cause death.

(18) What are the symptoms of Rabies?

Ans. There is fever for 2 to 12 weeks accompanied With exaggerations in behaviour and
Hydrophobia.
(19) How can we prevent Rabies?

Ans. It can be prevented by timely vaccination before the onset of symptoms that start to
appear within 90 to 170 days of dog bite.

(20) What are the various techniques to detect cancer?

Ans. Various techniques like CT scan, MRI scan, mammography, biopsy are used in detection
of cancer.

(21) What can be the reasons for acquiring cancer?

Ans. It can be consumption of tobacco, gutkha, smoking, alcoholism, lack of fiber content in
food, excessive consumption of junk food, heredity and many other factors.

(22) Which organs are generally attacked by cancer?

Ans. Cancer can attack organs like mouth, lungs, tongue, stomach, pancreas, breast, uterus,
skin and tissues like blood. ' '

‘(23) What could be the reasons for diabetes?

Ans. It could be heredity, obesity, lack of physical exercise, mental stress etc. (24) What
causes diabetes?

Ans. If the hormone insulin produced in pancreas is secreted in low quantities, then glucose
level cannot be controlled and it causes diabetes.

(25) What are generic medicines? .0

Ans. These are manufactured and distributed without any patent. The cost is low. The
medicines are at par in quality with branded medicines.

(26) How can the frequency of becoming sick lowered?

Ans. If people follow right lifestyle like right food, sufficient sleep, yogasanas, pranayam and
physical exercise, then one can remain healthy‘

(27) What scheme did the government of India declare about Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadi
Yojana:

Ans. In this scheme, best quality medicines are made available in affordable prices to the
citizens.

*(28) Which are various media 'of spreading the infectious diseases? '

Ans. Infectious disease can spread from one infected person to other, by contaminated food
or water or by transfusion of blood, or by sharing of needles.

*(29) Which are main reasons of diabetes and head diseases? '

Ans. Reasons of diabetes: Heredity, obesity, lack ol physical exercise and mental stress.

Reasons of heart diseases: Smoking alcoholism, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, lack of

physical exercise, heredity, mental stress, anger, anxiety.

a’(30) Depending upon which symptoms, rabies can be identitied? (Can you tell; Textbook
Pagt 10)

Ans. There is fever for 2 to 12 weeks accompanied with exaggerations in behaviour and
Hydrophobia.

Q23. Distinguish between: ’(1) Infectious diseases and Non Infectious diseases

Ans. Infectious diseases Non Infectious diseases (i) Diseases caused due to infectious agent
or (i) Diseases which do not occur through infections pathogens is called as infectious
disease. and body contacts are called as non infectious M diseases. ' (ii) Diseases spread
quickly. * (ii) Disease is restricted to the person. (iii) These are caused due to microbes or
pathogens. * (iii) These are caused due to genetic abnormalities! wearing out of tissues. (iv)
Eg. Night blindness, diabetes

ww

(iv) Eg Influenza, Tuberculosis

(2) AnSTuberculosis

Tuberculosis and AIDS

AIDS

(i) Caused by a bacteria called Mycobactérium (i) Caused by' a virus called Human Immuno

tuberculosis

(ii) Spreads through droplet nuclei eontainin

‘ bacteria. (iii) Vaccine of BCG is given.

I , s _ (3) Cholera and Typhoid Ans. Cholera (i) Caused by a bacterium Vibrio cholerae

‘ (ii) Symptoms are Vomiting, cramps in legs.

l *mn. 1..
*1

Q.2.4. Give the ' preventive measures of the following diseases:

*(1) Dengue

Ans.

(i) We must see to that water should not be kept open. . '

(ii) Water logged areas should be fumigated or sprayed by D.D.T

(iii) Plants having dishes below it should be'. Checked for water. Water can get collected into
'

it.

(iv) Boil water before consumption

(2) Diabetes

A118If one follows proper diet, take rnedicines and exercise regularly under the supervision
of doctor then diabetes can be controlled.

*(3) Cancer

Ana.

(1) Controlled diet helps to prevent some types of cancers.

(ii) Physical exercise along with modern treatment .

is more beneficial to cure the cancer. (m) Avoiding addiction like tobacco chewing, smoking
etc.

a"(4) AIDS Ana.

6) TO avoid sexual contact With the infected person.

-_ mv’WW-WW

deficien virus.

g (ii) Spreads through unsafe or unprotected sex.

(iii) No vaccine is available but prevention is the onl wa . 4

Tr hoid (i) Caused by abacterium Salmonella typhi

.7...

(ii) SymptOms are anorexia, headache, rash, fever ’ upto 104°F.

#(iii) Treatmentvaccination, drinking boiled water. (iii) Treatment vaccination, PIOPer disposal
0f

sewage.

(ii) People should be educated about transmission of AIDS.

. (iii) Before transfusion one must be sure that it has

been screened for HIV.

(iv) There is no cure but prevention is the only way to stop it.

*Q.2.5. Explain the importance of: (1) Balanced diet Ans.

(i) A diet Which contains all the constituents in the proper proportion, Le. Carbohydrates,
Proteins,

Vitamins, Fats, Vitamins and Minerals, is termed as balanced diet.

(ii) Balanced diet depends on age, kind of work and gender.

(iii) In childhood, children grow fast, they need more proteins than the senior people. Every
food group is essential for our body.

(iv) Each food group has its own special nutrients. By taking equal proportions, we .can have
a balanced diet.

(2) Physical Exercise / Yogasanas

Ans.

(i) A strong physique and an alert mind developed through regular exercise, participation in
games, yogabhyas keep one free from diseases.

(ii) Physical exercise helps to inculcate self discipline,

(111‘) It also aims to maintain a good quality life.

(1V) It .Ihakes the students vigilant, develops team §p1r1t and attains leadership qualities.

(V) It develops a stress free environment, sportsmanship and mental strength.

i‘ . Q.3.1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.

uuuuuuuuuu u---------------------------

: Master ’X’ is a 3 year old child. He is living with '

5 his family in a slum. Hisfather is drunkard. His mother 5 , does not know the importance of
balanced diet. :

--------------------------------------1

(1) Master 'X’ may suffer from. which possible dlseases in above conditions.

Ans. He may suffer from malnutrition, anaemia,

weakness, stunted growth. (2) How will you help him and his family in this situation? “

Ans. We can direct them to medical institutions, give them training about clean healthy
habits. An awareness programme highlighting the importance of healthy nutritious food can
be arranged. '

(3) Which disease can occur to the father of Master ‘X’

Ans. The father of master lX’ can suffer from Cancer, Heart attack, Liver failure.

Q.3.2. What can be achieved] Can be prevented? (1) Drinking boiled and filtered water. '

Ans. One can achieve good health by drinking boiled and filtered water. One can also keep
away from diseases like Hepatitis, Dysentry, Cholera and Typhoid etc.

(2) Avoiding smoking and alcoholism.

Ans. One will be free from cancer and Heart attacks.

(3) Regular balanced diet and Exercise.

Ans. One will remain fit and healthy; and lead a good healthy life. He/ she will be free from

diseases. (4) Proper checking‘ of blood before blood

donation. Ans. One can prevent from the fatal disease AIDS, if blood is screened before
transfusion.

Q.3.3. Answer the following questions in short.

*(1) Have you ever taken leave from school due to .

(ii)

. \ Slckness? (Can you recall; Textbdok page 6)

Yes I have taken leave frorh‘stzhool d

Ans. u _ e s1ckness. t0

*(2) What happens exactly when we become Sick?

(Can you recall; Textbook page 6)

Ans. Our immune system is affected when We

become sick.

*(3) Sometimes, we feel good even without taking

any medicines and sometimes we need to

consult doctor and take regular medicines in

sickness. Why is it so? ( can you recall; Textbook

page 6) I Ans.

(i) When the intensity of disease or sickness I' very low, we don’t consult a doctor and fee

better without any medication.

But when we suffer from heavy infection relat; to any part of body; it is extremely importan
to consult a doctor who will prescribe prepe medication.

How do the following disease spread? ( can you tell, Textbook page 6) Ans.

(i) Hepatitis spreads through consumption 0 contaminated food and water.

(ii)

*(4)
Malaria spreads through female Anophel' mosquito ' E scabies spreads through skin skin
contact 0 an infected individual. T.B .spreads from one infected individual t other by air,
sneezing,.coughing etc. l (v) Dengue virus spreads through DEN 1, L Virus. ' .

(iii)

(iV)

Dysentry spreads through consumption 0 [ contaminated food and water. I

(vi)

(vii) Ringworm spreads through direct coma?

with infected person. (viii)Swine flu spreads through infected pigs an humans. *(5) What do
you mean by pathogen? (Can you tell Textbook page 6) Ans. (i) Pathogens are defined as
disease causing micro-organisms.

Egi Tuberculosis is caused by a pathogen named Mycobacterium tuberculae.

’ 6) What do you mean by infectious disease? (Can you tell;Textbook page 6)

Ans.

the table; Textbook page 7) AM Name of . disease Pathogens Made of mfection (1) Enteritis "
Serralia Contaminated food and water (2) Malaria Plasmodium Female Anopheles vivax
mosquito (3) Plague Yersinia Rodents like rats or Pestis infected flea. (4) AIDS HIV virus
Sharing of needles, transfusion of blood, sexual contact

'(8) How can we observe personal hygiene? (Can you tell; Textbook page 8)

Ana. We can observe personal hygiene in following ways:

6) By washing hands and legs before eating and after visiting the toilet

(ii) By keeping genitals clean

(iii) By brushing teeth regularly twice a day to keep away from bad breathe.

(3V) By taking bath regularly to keep away from body odour.

“9) Why should we drink boiled water in rainy season? (Can you tell; Textbook page 8)

Am“ We should drink boiled water in rainy season

for the following reasons:

(i) It helps in releasing congestion caused due to Cold and flu.

(ii) Boiled water dissolves cough and help to Mmove it from respiratory track

(iii) BOiled water helps in detoxing our body from t0xins.

disease or communicable disease, is illness resulting froman infection. (ii) Infections are
caused by infectious agents including virus, bacteria and parasities etc. (iii) Eg: Tuberculosis,
Influenza, Cholera, HIV/ AIDS, Malaria.

1’1er a table 0f information about various diseases like Enteritis, malaria, plague and AIDS.
(Complete

Symptoms Prevention and treatment Abdominal pain, Oral rehydration theraph (ORS)
cramping, diarrhoea, can be made with pr0per diet. dehydration and fever High fever,
vomiting Use of mosquito nets or and headache. repellants followed by proper

. medication

Fever, chills, fatigue, Proper dosage of antibiotics

headache. . Large Lymph nodes, Safe sex, no sharing of needles weight loss etc. _ etc.

(iv) .It helps in digestion of food.

(v) It helps in proper bowel movement

(vi) It also helps in blood circulation.

I'(10) Why the ’clean hands’ drive is run in school? (Can you tell; Textbook page 8)

Ann. Clean hands drive is run in school to create awareness of the usefulness and positive
impact that it has on healthy living.

I‘(11) Which measures are taken at your home to control the rats? (Can you tell; Textbook
page 9)

Ann. Following measures can be taken at home to control rats:

(i) Using rat traps.

(ii) Covering all gaps and holes properly.

(iii) Cleaning home regularly. (Answers may vary)

’(12) Why is it necessary to care about health of domestic dogs, cats and birds? (Can you tell;

Textbook page 9)

(1) Dogs, cats and birds being domestic revolve around human beings. (11)Therefore to
protect humans from all sort of

infections it is necessary to take care of them and vaccinate them regularly.

*(13) Is there any relation between pigeons, stray

animals and human health? (Can you tell; Textbook page 9)

Ans.

(1) Yes, there is a relation between pigeons, stray ammals and human health.

(ii) Pigeons dropping can cause a disease called Histoplasmosis to humans and
similarly stray animals can also cause various diseases.

*(14) What are effects of rats, cockroaches on human health? (Can you tell; Textbook
page 9) ‘

Ans. .

(i) Rats and cockroaches are some of the most common pests that can impact human
health.

(ii) Rats can even spread epidemics such as the black plague. Most common illness
caused by rats is hantavirus which is spread by breathing in debris contaminated with
rat faeces and urine.

(iii) Cockroaches unknowingly touch contaminated areas and in turn touch food and
water or any

kitchen utensils. Since they regularly shed their shells they can be a great risk to
human health.

*(15) Why the animal cages and their living places should not be near the kitchen?
(Can you tell;

Textbook page 10)

Ana. (i) Animal cages and their living places should not be near the kitchen because it
may contaminate

food. (ii) The hair or feather from animals or birds may enter food thus making it unfit
for consumption. *(16) Discuss the control of cancer and prepare poster for the
displaying in classroom. “(Discuss Textbook page 10)

Ans. (i) Controlled diet helps to prevent some types of

cancers. (ii) Physical exercise along with modern treatment

Am. (i) Bucket

is more beneficial to cure the cancer.

(iii)Avoid addictions like tobacco, CheWin smoking, etc. 3. (Students can prepare
poster with the above; points.)

*(17) Do you remember any person dnn' king “1!; sugar _free tea or avoiding
consumption 0!) sweets? What may be the possible reas0n for this? (Can you tell;
Textbook page 10)

Ans. Person drinking sugar free tea or avoiding consumption of sweets may probably
1. suffering from diabetes. .

*(18) Poor people do not afford the costly medicimN Is there any alternative for this?
Which One? (Think about it; Textbook page 12)

Ans. (i) Poor people do not afford the costly medicin (ii) 50 they can choose for
generic medicines.

(iii) Also, Government of India declared it Pradhan Manthri Jan Aushadi Yojana on 1.
July 2015.

(iv) ‘ ' In this scheme, best quality medicines are mac

available in affordable prices to the citizens. (v) ’Jan .Aushadi Stores’ are launched for
{W purpose. a’Q.3.4. Observe the diagram and answer n‘r

following question: (Observe and disw. Textbook page 7)

J”

(1) Where do you see the water logged materials

(ii) Tyre (iii) Container.

(2) Which hazards do you anticipate with th help of picture?

Ans. It may spreads various diseases like Malax' Dengue, Dysentry, Typhoid, Hepatitis
etc.
I. Q 3 5 obsemlthe pictures show in followin wmg

and me description In boxes (Observe and discuss; Textbook page 8)

(a)

99 I

Ae§ esae tia m

(e). (d)

‘l _L.

fig. 2.2

Ans.

(a) Sirice open containers With water ere place for mosquitoes to lay their eggs, keep
such type of containers always closed.

(b) An open container with drinking water is a place for mosquito breeding so this
should be kept

(c) Like open containers, air cooler is also a mosquito to breeding place. Cleaning air
cboler pr0per1Y and regularly can avoid this.

(CD Small babies should wear proper dresses to ' prevent diseases spread by
mosquitos.

(8) Fish tanks kept at homes are also place for mosquito breeding. Changing water
and cleaning tank regularly can avoid this.

(f) Mosquito breeding can be prevented by spraying insecticides.

(g) Mosquito repellants are useful in indoors and outdoors.

Q.4. Answer the following in brief: (1) What is a disease? How are diseases classified?
Name some diseases?

Ans.

1 on 1t10n o lstur ances m sio o c or

O C d" fd' b ~' phy lgial psychological processes of body is called as disease.

(ii) Diseases are classified as according to duration and according to reasons:

covered all the time. Types of Diseases ‘ According to duration According to reason
(1) Chronic diseases ‘ (2) Acute diseases Hereditary Acquired . disease disease ' 1
Infectious diseases Non Infectious ‘ (common cold, flu, . diseases (Diabetes, dengue) '
Heart diseases)

(111) The names of various diseases are diabetes,

common cold, ashthama, Down’s syndrome, Cardiac problems.

(2) What are infectious diseases? Give the pathogen of mode of infection, symptom
and prevention an treatment of diseases like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Dysentry,
cholera, Typhoid. ‘1

Ans. Infectious diseases which spread through contaminated air, water, food or
vectors are called as infectious

diseases. __ _ _ a ’ Name Of the Pathogen Mode of Infection Symptoms Prevention of

Treatm disease en (1) Tuberclosis Mycobacterium Spitting by patient Chronic cough,
BCG vaccine, isolation ‘ I tuberculae { through air, prolonged bloody spitting, of
patient, regular ' contact with and sharing emaciation, difficult medication like DOT.
1* _J of materials of oatient. breathin LM ' ,_ _ _* M [(2) Hepatitis Hepatitis Virus 1
Contaminated water, Anorexia, yellow l{Drinking boiled water, (Iaundice) A, B,C, D, E
sharing of needles, blood urine, general 1 proper cleaning Of 1__ transfusion '
weakness. thangls. _.. x t (3) Dysentry Bacteria, virus, Contaminated food and Watery
stool, pain in Drinking boiled water, shigella, bacilli, water abdomen proper storage of
food, Entamoeba ORS consumption. histol tica . _. (4) Cholera Vibrio cholerae
Contaminated food and Vomiting severe Drinking boiled water, (bacterium) water
diarrhoea, cramps in Vaccination, following le;s. h genic aractices. (5) TYPhOid
Salmonella typhi Contaminated food and Anorexia, headache Drinking clean water,
(bacterium) water rash on ébdomen,‘ j vaccination, proper dysentery, fever upto
disposal of sewage. 1 104°F. . (3) How is Dengue caused? State the symptoms Ans.

and preventive measures? Ans.

(i) Dengue is caused by DEN 1,2 virus belonging to the type flavivirus.

(ii) symptoms are: (a) Acute fever, headache and vomiting (b) Pains in eye socket

(c) Decrease in platelet count that may lead to internal hemorrhage. '

(iii) Preventive Measures:

(a) Keep breeding places of mosquitoes sprayed with pesticides.

(b) Make use of mosquito nets While sleeping.

(c) Keep the containers filled with water closed by a lid.

(d) Dispose all the junk away.

(e) Make use of mosquito coils and repellants.

(4) How does swine flu spread? What are the symptoms of swine flu? Where is the
diagnosis of swine flu done.

(i) Swine flu spreads through pigs and humans.

(ii) The virus spreads through the sweat of infec .~ person. Similarly, it spreads
through secretio. of nose,_ throat and saliva.

(iii) The symptoms are difficulty in breathing, so throat and body pain.

(iv) The diagnosis is carried on in National Institu of Virology (NIV), Pune and National
Institu‘ of Communicable Diseases (NICD) Delhi.

(5) How does AIDS spread. State its signs and symptoms and the preventive
measures?

Ans.

(i) AIDS is a medical condition caused by'a Vi“ Human Immunodeficiency Virus. i.e.
HIV. 171’“. virus weakens the immune system.

(ii) It spreads through: (a) Unprotected sex with an infected person(b) Direct contact
with infected blood.

(c) Sharing needles, especially drug abusersd suffer.

'_-------_--------------‘

(1) (2) (3)

(1)

(2)

(1) (2)

. (3)
(1)

(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)

‘E

-------~.; -~ ‘._ m1

ASSIGNMENT? 2 Tmsz H W m Marks :30 1

Q.1. (A) Fill in the blanks: . (3 Rabies is a ““““““““““ m disease.

Uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth is called as . W wwwwwwww .

AIDS IS caused by M ................. virus.

Q.1. (B) Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statement: ‘ (2) . test is used for
the diagnosis of AIDS. "

(a) CBC test (b) ELISA test

(c) DOTS test (d) BCG Vaccine

"This day is observed as World Health day mg”; ......

(a) 7t11]an11ary (b) 7th April

(c) 7th Match ((1) 7th May _

Q. 2. Answer the following: (any 2) ' . (4) Where are the diagnostic facilities of swine
flue available? What are the symptoms of swine flue? Distinguish between Infectious
and non-infectious diseases.

Give the preventive measures of Dengue.

Q.3. Answer the following: (any 2) . ‘ (5) Explain the importance of the following. ‘ '

(i) Balanced diet (ii) Physical exercise . Prepare a table of information about
pathogens and symptoms of the following diseases. (i) Enteritis (ii) malaria ' (iii)
plague
What is cancer? State the reasons, why one acquires it? What are the symptoms?

MW

.Q.4. Answer the following questions: (any 1) ' (5)

Give the preventiVe measure of the following diseases:

(i) Dengue (ii) Cancer . (iii) AIDS Write a note on: .

(i) Heart diseases (ii) Diabetes