FILE 7784

LEWIS® ZWALUWSTAARTPLAATVLOEREN (Composite

slabs with dovetailed sheeting)

Report 7784-2-0

Addendum to report 6617-1-2

Design tables for the United Kingdom

March 12th, 2012

INHOUD
1  Introduction .......................................................................................................... 2 

2  Construction phase .............................................................................................. 3 

3  Service phase ........................................................................................................ 5 

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1 Introduction
In Report 6617-1-2 of Adviesbureau Hageman structural aspects of LEWIS®
Zwaluwstaartplaatvloeren (composite slabs with dovetailed sheeting) are assessed for the
application of an European Technical Approval (ETA). To prove that the requirements
according to the “Common Understanding of Assessment Prcedure” (CUAP) are met,
results from experimental research in combination with the actions, requirements and
application rules according to the Eurocodes were used. Where national choices in the
Eurocode are allowed through the National Annex (NDP’s = National Determined Parame-
ters), the recommended values as mentioned in the Notes were taken.

Meanwhile the ETA for LEWIS® Zwaluwstaartplaatvloeren is available. From the market
the need arose for design tables with the bearing capacity for specific countries, based on
the NDP’s according to the National Annex of that country.

In this report the design tables for the United Kingdom are presented. On behalf of Mr.
Van der Klis of Reppel BV the following tables are given:
1. Construction phase: maximum permissible uniformly distributed load per span (600,
900, 1200 en 1500 mm) with corresponding deflection;
2. Service phase: maximum permissible uniformly distributed load and concentrated load
per span (600, 900, 1200, 1500, 2000 en 2500 mm).
3. Service phase: design table which gives the required slab depth per category and shows
when a reinforcement mesh is needed (see Report 6617-1-2, Table 13);

The following National Annexes from the United Kingdom are used:
- NA to BS EN 1990:2002 + A1:2005 incorporating National Amendment No. 1
- NA to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002
- NA to BS EN 1994-1-1:2004

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2 Construction phase
The following NDP’s are relevant for the assessment of the table with the maximum
permissible load and corresponding deflection.

Eurocode Clause NDP

EN 1990 A1.3.1  = 0,925
G = 1,35
 G = 0,925  1,35 ≈ 1,25
Q = 1,50
B3.3 KF1 = 0,9 for CC1
Table 1: Relevant NDP’s for the Construction phase

From Report 6617-1-2, clause 2.4 it follows that the permissible load depends on the
bending resistance of mu = 1,17 kNm/m (determined by experiments). The vertical shear
resistance is not governing. For double spans the bending resistance at the internal support
has to be reduced for support reactions upwards of 8,3 kN/m. The bending resistance
reduces linearly to zero for a support reaction of 44 kN/m.

The maximum permissible load qk can be derived by equating the design bending moment
md to the moment capacity mu. The design bending moment is 1/8 pd L2 for both single and
double span sheets.

consequence class CC1 (construction phase)

self-weight of the sheeting
design load
design bending moment
equation of md = mu
gk = 0,06 kN/m2
pd =  G gk + Q KF1 qk
pd = 1,25  0,06 + 1,5  0,9  qk
pd = 0,075 + 1,35 qk
md = 1/8 pd L2 = (0,075 + 1,35 qk) L2 / 8
(0,075 + 1,35 qk) L2 / 8 = 1,17
qk = (1,17  8 / L2 – 0,075) / 1,35

For double span sheet a lower bending resistance is used when the support reaction at the
internal support is higher than 8,3 kN/m, as mentioned above.

The deflection due to the permissible load qk is determined with:

4
5 p rep L
single span u
384 EI
4
2 p rep L
double span u
369 EI
where prep = gk + qk and I = 3,6 cm4/m (= 36 mm4/mm)

The result of the calculations are given in Table 2. For double span sheets the permissible
load till a span of around 1 m is a bit lower than for single span sheets due to the interac-
tion between flexure and shear at the internal support. The deflection however is lower for
double span sheets.

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 span permissible load* deflection
Lt in [mm] qk in kN/m2 (excl. partial factor) max in [mm]
single span double span single span double span
600 19,2 16,8 4,3 1,8
900 8.5 8,3 9,6 4,0
1200 4,8 4,8 17,0 7,1
1500 3,0 3,0 26,4 11,0
2000 1,7 1,7 46,3 19,3
2500 1,1 1,1 71,0 29,5
* partial factor Q KF1 = 1,5  0,9 = 1,35 (consequence class CC1)
Table 2: Permissible load and corresponding deflection for the construction phase

To limit the deflection in the construction phase (and to increase the permissible load),
temporary supports can be placed until the concreted has hardened. In this context refer-
ence is made to Report 6617-1-2, clause 2.4 en 2.5.

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3 Service phase
The following NDP’s are relevant for the service phase:

Eurocode Paragraaf NDP

EN 1990 A1.3.1  = 0,925
G = 1,35
 G = 0,925  1,35 ≈ 1,25
Q = 1,50
B3.3 KF1 = 1,0 for CC2
EN 1991-1-1 6.3.1.2 (1)
category qk (kN/m2) Qk (kN)
A1/A2 1,5 2,0
A3 2,0 2,0
A4* 2,0 2,7
B1 2,5 2,7
B2 3,0 2,7
C11 2,0 3,0
C12 2,5 4,0
C13 3,0 3,0
C21 4,0 3,6
C22 3,0 2,7
C31 3,0 4,5
C32 3,0 4,0
C33 4,0 4,5
C34 5,0 4,5
C35 4,0 4,0
C36 3,0 2,0
C37 5,0 3,6
C38 7,5 4,5
C39 4,0 4,5
C41 5,0 3,6
C42 5,0 7,0
C51 5,0 3,6
C52 7,5 4,5
D1/D2 4,0 3,6
Table 6.2: Imposed loads per category

* Categories with balconies (A5 t/m A7) are not

considered, since the application of LEWIS® in
those categories is not obvious.

EN 1994-1-1 9.7.3 (4) VS = 1,25

Table 3: Relevant NDP’s for the service phase

The calculations in Report 6617-1-2 are carried out again with the NDP’s according to
Table 3. Hereafter the determination of the permissible uniformly distributed load and
concentrated load is explained. Thereafter the design table, which gives the required slab
depth per category and shows when a reinforcement mesh is needed, is presented.

Determination of permissible uniformly distributed load

For the determination of the permissible uniformly distributed load the failure modes
flexure, longitudinal shear and vertical shear are considered. A slab depth of 50 mm is
used for spans up to 1500 mm and a slab depth of 75 mm for spans of 2000 and 2500 mm.

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1. flexure
In Report 6617-1-2 the bending resistance of a composite slab with a depth of 50 mm is
determined. In the same manner the bending resistance for a depth of 75 mm can be
determined. The permissible uniformly distributed load follows from mSd = mp;Rd.

slab depth 50 mm pd =  G gk + Q qk = 1,25  1,06 + 1,5  qk = 1,33 + 1,5 qk

slab depth 75 mm
mSd = 1/8 pd L2 = (1,33 + 1,5 qk) L2 / 8
mp;Rd = 7,5 kNm/m
mSd = mp;Rd:
(1,33 + 1,5 qk) L2 / 8 = 7,5
qk = (7,5  8 / L2 – 1,33) / 1,5
pd =  G gk + Q qk = 1,25  1,66 + 1,5  qk = 1,99 + 1,5 qk
mSd = 1/8 pd L2 = (2,08 + 1,5 qk) L2 / 8
mp;Rd = 13,5 kNm/m
mSd = mp;Rd:
(2,08 + 1,5 qk) L2 / 8 = 13,5
qk = (13,5  8 / L2 – 2,08) / 1,5

2. longitudinal shear
The check of this failure mode, where longitudinal shear occurs between the steel sheeting
and the concrete, is carried out by a check of the maximum vertical shear force (EN 1994-
1-1, art. 9.7.3(4)). The permissible vertical shear force is:

bd p  mA p 
v1,Rd =   k 
 VS  bL s 


Equating of vSd to v1,Rd gives the permissible load for this failure mode:
slab depth 50 mm vSd = ½ pd L = ½ (1,33 + 1,5 qk) L = (0,67 + 0,75 qk) L
v1,Rd = 1,67 / Ls + 8,51 met Ls = ¼ L
equation of vSd = v1,Rd:
(0,67 + 0,75 qk) L = 6,68/L + 8,51
qk = (6,68 + 8,51L – 0,67L2) / (0,75L2)
slab depth 75 mm vSd = ½ pd L = ½ (2,08 + 1,5 qk) L = (1,04 + 0,75 qk) L
v1,Rd = 2,67 / Ls + 13,6 met Ls = ¼ L
vSd = v1,Rd:
(1,04 + 0,75 qk) L = 10,7/L + 13,6
qk = (10,7 + 13,6L – 1,04L2) / (0,75L2)

3. vertical shear
The permissible load is determined by equating of vSd to the vertical shear resistance
according to EN 1994-1-1, art. 9.7.5.
slab depth 50 mm vSd = ½ pd L = ½ (1,33 + 1,5 qk) L = (0,67 + 0,75 qk) L
vRd = 16,7 kN/m (see Report 6617-1-2, clause 3.4.1)
vSd = vRd:
(0,67 + 0,75 qk) L = 16,7
qk = (16,7 – 0,67L) / 0,75L

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slab depth 75 mm vSd = ½ pd L = ½ (2,08 + 1,5 qk) L = (1,04 + 0,75 qk) L
vRd = 26,7 kN/m
vSd = vRd:
(1,04 + 0,75 qk) L = 26,7
qk = (26,7 – 1,04L) / 0,75L

Determination of permissible concentrated load

For determination of the permissible concentrated load the same calculations as in the
annexes of Report 6617-1-2 are carried out, but then with the NDP’s according to Table 3.
The same failure modes as for the uniformly distributed load are considered and besides
that also punching shear and transverse bending.

Results
The results of the calculations are given in Tables 4 and 5. It is noted that the reduction of
the permissible concentrated load for an increasing span is small, especially in cases
without free edges. This is because in the governing situation the concentrated load is
situated near the support and in that case the span is less relevant.

span slab depth permissible load

L in [mm] d in [mm] qk in kN/m2 (excl. partial factor)
600 50 36,2
900 50 22,7
1200 50 14,8
1500 50 10,6
2000 75 11,3
2500 75 8,2
assumptions:
- concrete strength class C20/25
- partial factors G = 1,25 and Q = 1,5 (consequence class CC2)
Table 4: Permissible uniformly distributed load

span slab depth permissible concentrated load

L in [mm] d in [mm] Qk in [kN] (excl. partial factor)
no free edges free edges
unreinforced reinforced* unreinforced reinforced*
600 50 3,8 5,7 2,3 3,3
900 50 3,6 5,5 2,2 3,2
1200 50 3,5 5,4 2,1 3,1
1500 50 3,4 5,3 2,0 3,1
2000 75 4,4 6,5 ** 3,6
2500 75 4,2 6,3 ** 3,5
* reinforcement mesh Ø5-150 (Q131)
** failure mode transverse bending is not considered for these spans

assumptions:
- partial factors Q = 1,25 en Q = 1,5 (gevolgklasse CC2)
- load area dimensions 50 mm  50 mm
- concrete strength class C20/25
Table 5: Permissible concentrated load

With the results of tables 4 and 5, the design table 6 is put together. This design table is
valid for spans up to 1500 mm, in accordance with the scope of the CUAP. Tables 4 and 5
can be used for higher spans.

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The following categories are considered (see NA to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002 for full descrip-
tions and additional notes):
A Areas for domestic and residential activities
A1 All usages within self-contained dwelling units
Communal areas in blocks of flats with limited use
A2 Bedrooms and dormitories except thos in self-contained single family dwelling
units and in hotels and motels
A3 Bedrooms in hotels and motels; hospital wards; toilet areas
A4 Billiard/snooker rooms
B Office areas
B1 General use other than in B2
B2 At or below ground floor level
C Areas where people may congregate (with exception of areas in category A, B and D
C1 Areas with tables
C11 Public, institutional and communal dining rooms and lounges, cafes and
restaurants
C12 Reading rooms with no book storage
C13 Classrooms
C2 Areas with fixed seats
C21 Assembly areas with fixed seating
C22 Places of worship
C3 Areas without obstacles for moving people
C31 Corridors, hallways, aisles in institutional type buildings…
C32 Stairs, landings in institutional type buildings…
C33 Corridors, hallways, aisles in all buildings not covered by C31 and C32,
including hotels and motels and institutional buildings subjected to crowds
C34 Corridors, hallways, aisles in all buildings not covered by C31 and C32,
including hotels and motels and institutional buildings subjected to wheeled
vehicles, including trolleys
C35 Stairs, landings in all buildings not covered by C31 and C32, including hotels
and motels and institutional buildings subjected to crowds
C36 Walkways – Light duty
C37 Walkways – General duty
C38 Walkways – Heavy duty
C39 Museum floors and art galleries for exhibition purposes
C4 Areas with possible physical activities
C41 Dance halls and studios, gymnasia, stages
C42 Drill halls and drill rooms
C5 Areas suspectible to large crowds
C51 Assembly areas without fixed seating, concert halls, bars and places of worship
D Shopping areas
D1 Areas in general retail shops
D2 Areas in department stores

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Category Actions no free edges free edges***
d = 50 mm d = 75 mm d = 50 mm d = 75 mm

unreinforded

reinforced**

reinforced**
unreinforced

unreinforced
unreinforced
reinforced*

reinforced*
A1, A2 1,5 kN/m2 2,0 kN

A3 2,0 kN/m2 2,0 kN

A4 2,0 kN/m2 2,7 kN

B1 2,5 kN/m2 2,7 kN

B2 3,0 kN/m2 2,7 kN

C11 2,0 kN/m2 3,0 kN

C12 2,5 kN/m2 4,0 kN not possible due to high

concentrated load
C13 3,0 kN/m2 3,0 kN

C21 4,0 kN/m2

L>1m
L1m

3,6 kN

C22 3,0 kN/m2 2,7 kN

C31 3,0 kN/m2 4,5 kN not possible due to high

concentrated load
C32 3,0 kN/m2 4,0 kN not possible due to high
concentrated load
C33 4,0 kN/m2 4,5 kN not possible due to high
concentrated load
C34 5,0 kN/m2 4,5 kN not possible due to high
concentrated load
C35 4,0 kN/m2 4,0 kN not possible due to high
concentrated load

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Category Actions no free edges free edges***
d = 50 mm d = 75 mm d = 50 mm d = 75 mm

unreinforded

reinforced**

reinforced**
unreinforced

unreinforced
unreinforced
reinforced*

reinforced*
C36 3,0 kN/m2 2,0 kN

C37 5,0 kN/m2 3,6 kN

L>1m
L1m
C38 7,5 kN/m2 4,5 kN not possible due to high
concentrated load
C39 4,0 kN/m2 4,5 kN not possible due to high
concentrated load
C41 5,0 kN/m2 3,6 kN

L>1m
L1m

C42 5,0 kN/m2 7,0 kN

not possible due to high concentrated load

C51 5,0 kN/m2 3,6 kN

L>1m
L1m

D1, D2 4,0 kN/m2

L>1m
L1m

3,6 kN

* reinforcement mesh Ø5-150 (Q131) for whole floor area

** only reinforcement mesh (Q131) needed at free edges (over width of sheeting)
*** free edges can be avoided with supporting beams along the free edges

assumptions:
- maximum span 1500 mm
- actions according to NA to BS EN 1991-1:2002
- partial factors Q = 1,25 and Q = 1,5 (consequence class CC2)
- concentrated load area dimensions 50 mm  50 mm
- concrete strength class C20/25
Tabel 6: Design table

Rijswijk, Netherlands, 12-3-2012

ir. S. van der Vossen

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