INTERNATIONAL POLICE

(China)

Prepared by:
Jessica D. Galo
Rocent Giahanni M. Magno

INTERPOL Beijing

The INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB) for China sits structurally within the International Police
Cooperation Department of MPS. The head of INTERPOL Beijing is an MPS vice minister.

INTERPOL Beijing has two sub bureaus, each with delegated regional authority in the following special
administrative regions of China: Hong Kong and Macao.

Serving as the national point of contact for all INTERPOL matters which relate to China, INTERPOL Beijing
responsibilities include:

 Liaising and coordinating with INTERPOL partners across the world;

 Coordinating international crime investigation and legal assistance matters;
 Serving as the exclusive interface between Chinese police agencies, courts and domestic law
enforcement departments and the INTERPOL community;
 Serving as a gateway for incoming and outgoing INTERPOL queries;
 Conducting transnational enquires and investigations using INTERPOL's secure global police
communications system;
 Providing training for domestic law enforcement agencies on international police cooperation;
 Providing criminal intelligence support at both domestic and international level;
 Assisting and cooperating in cross-border fugitives operations;
 Liaising with China’s Sub-Bureaus in Hong Kong and Macao;
 Ensuring that Chinese police at all levels and locations have access to INTERPOL's databases over
24/7, thus boosting national security;
 Gathering and exchanging information in an effort to enforce public or criminal laws (Mutual
Legal Assistance) and to assist in extraditions.

National focus

Chinese police forces have put a lot of energy into tackling traditional and non-traditional crime. By
strengthening legislation, adopting comprehensive public order management policies and increasing law
enforcement training, China intends to enhance its country’s ability to prevent and fight crime more
effectively, thus safeguarding social stability. Chinese authorities fully recognize the vital role INTERPOL
plays in tackling international crime in all its forms, through the effective cooperation of police forces
around the world.

Ministry of Public Security (China)

The Ministry of Public Security (MPS) is the principal police and security authority of the People's
Republic of China and the government agency that exercises oversight over and is ultimately responsible
for day-to-day law enforcement. It currently has 1.9 million officers. It is headed by the Minister of
Public Security. Prior to 1954, it was known as the Ministry of Public Security of the Central People's
Government. The Ministry operates the system of Public Security Bureaus, which are broadly the
equivalent of police forces or police stations in other countries. The candidate for the minister of the
MPS is nominated by the Premier of the People's Republic of China and approved by the National
People's Congress.
Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China

National Emblem of the People's Republic of China:

中华人民共和国公安部

hōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Gōng'ānbù

Police Badge,P.R.China.svg

Agency overview

Formed: 1954

Preceding agency: Ministry of Public Security of the Central People's Government (1949–1954)

Jurisdiction: People's Republic of China (Mainland only)

Headquarters: Beijing

Employees: 1.9 million police officers

Ministers responsible:

Minister - Zhao Kezhi

Deputy Ministers - Fu Zhenghua, Meng Hongwei, Wang Xiaohong, Shi Jun, Meng Qingfeng, Li Wei

Leader of the Discipline Inspection Team Dispatched from the Central Commission for Discipline
Inspection - Deng Weiping

The Anti-Terrorism Commissioner - Liu Yuejin

The Assistant to the Minister - Wang Jia

Parent agency: State Council

Website www.mps.gov.cn

History

The Ministry of Public Security was among the very first government organs of the PRC. It superseded
the Ministry of Public Security of the Chinese Communist Party's Central Military Commission, a
transitional body created in July 1949 by removing the security service remit from the CCP Central
Department of Social Affairs (CDSA). The ministry began operations on 1 November 1949, at the end of
a two-week-long National Conference of Senior Public Security Cadres. Most of its initial staff of less
than 500 cadres came from the (former) regional CCP North China Department of Social Affairs. At the
national level, its creation signaled the formal abolition of the CDSA. The ministry moved to its present
location, in the heart of the one-time foreign legation quarters in Beijing, in the spring of 1950.

Crime Trends in China

Crime is present in various forms in China. Common forms of crime include corruption, drug trafficking,
money laundering, fraud, human trafficking, and counterfeiting.

The People's Republic of China was established in 1949 and from 1949 to 1956, underwent the process
of transferring the means of production to common ownership. [1] During this time, the new
government worked to decrease the influence of criminal gangs. [2] And reduce the prevalence of
narcotics [1] and gambling. [3] Efforts to crack down on criminal activity by the government led to a
decrease in crime.

Between 1949 and 1956, larceny, arson, rape, murder and robbery were major nonpolitical offenses.
The majority of economic crimes were committed by business people who engaged in tax evasion, theft
of public property, and bribery.

Government officials also engaged in illegal economic activity, which included improperly taking public
property and accepting bribes. Between 1957 and 1965, rural areas experienced little reported crime.
Crime rates increased later. The year 1981 represented a peak in reported crime.[4] This may have been
correlated to the economic reform in the late 1970s which allowed some elements of a market economy
and gave rise to an increase in economic activity. Below is a comparison of reported cases of crime from
1977 to 1988 (excluding economic crimes)

Year 1977[5] 1978[5] 1979[5] 1980[5] 1981[5] 1982[5] 1983[5] 1984[5] 1985[5] 1986[5] 1987[5] 1988[5]

Total number of cases 548,415 535,698 636,222 757,104 890,281

748,476 610,478 514,369 542,005 547,115 570,439
827,706

Incidents of criminal case per 10,000 people 5.8 5.6 6.6 7.7 8.9 7.4 6.0
5.0 5.2 5.2 5.4 7.5

Crime by youth increased rapidly in the 1980s. Crime by youths consisted 60.2% of total crime in 1983,
63.3% in 1984, 71.4% in 1985, 72.4% in 1986, and 74.3% in 1987. The number of fleeing criminals
increased over the years. Economic crimes have increased in recent years.[6] From 1982 to 1988, the
total number of economic crimes were 218,000.

In 1989, a total of 76,758 cases of economic offenses were registered which included bribery, smuggling
and tax evasion. The changes in economic policy had influence in the characteristics of criminality.[7]
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,
crime has increased and diversified

Crime Statistics

Murder

In 2011, the reported murder rate in China was 1.0 per 100,000 people, with 13,410 murders. The
murder rate in 2010 was 1.1.
Corruption

The PRC is a one-party state ruled by the Communist Party of China, Corruption exists in China,just like
in any other country. The cost thereof to the economy is significant. Between 1978 and 2003, an
estimated $50 billion was smuggled out of the country by corrupt officials.

Human trafficking

Human trafficking in China

There are instances of human trafficking reported in China for various purposes. The majority of
trafficking in PRC is internal and this domestic trafficking is the most significant human trafficking
problem in the country.

Rank and Insignia

Chinese Police Officers under the Ministry of Public Security use rank insignia on both side of shoulders
in the duty uniform. Senior officers ranking at Commissioner and Superintendent Levels wear these on
the white collar uniform, and for Inspector level and below officers wear them on the sky blue collar
uniform.

Senior Officers

Commissioner of Police (Chinese: 总警监, zǒng jǐngjiān)

Mr GUO Sheng-kun, currently Commissioner of Police, Minister of Public Security (since December
2012). Shoulder insignia: national coat of arms fully circled with a pair of olive branch.

Deputy Commissioner of Police (副总警监, fù zǒng jǐngjiān)

Deputy Minister of Public Security, shoulder insignia: national coat of arms partly circled with a pair of
olive branch.

Superintendent 1st Class (一级警监, yījí jǐngjiān)

Assistant Commissioner of Police is also wearing this rank, SUPT 1st class normally commands a
functional bureau (e.g. CID, Immigration, Traffic, Anti-Smuggling) or a province formation, direct report
to DCP. Shoulder insignia: three pips with olive leaves.

Superintendent 2nd Class (二级警监, èrjí jǐngjiān)

Normally is second in charge of a functional bureau, or a province formation, or a city police

headquarters commander. Shoulder insignia: two pips with olive leaves.

Superintendent 3rd Class (三级警监, sānjí jǐngjiān)

Normally commands police division of a functional bureau, or the head of a police sub-bureau of a city.
Shoulder insignia: one pip with olive leaves.
Inspector 1st Class (一级警督, yījí jǐngdū) Shoulder insignia: three pips with two silver bars.

Inspector 2nd Class (二级警督, èrjí jǐngdū) Shoulder insignia: two pips with two silver bars.

Inspector 3rd Class (三级警督, sānjí jǐngdū) Shoulder insignia: one pip with two silver bars.

Administrative positions do not exactly tally with ranks among Inspector level and junior officers, admin
positions (from PC to Station Commander or even Deputy Chief of a sub-Bureau), are various and
flexible, it depends on each individual's qualifications and multiple skills, performance efficiency and
effectiveness, years of service, personality and communication ability, potential leadership. Loyal and
qualified officers with no misconduct record, are eligible to get rank promotion at every four-year of
service (only applicable from Sgt 1st class to Insp 1st class). Which means for example, for a normal PC
holding a non-commissioned position during his/her entire police career, with the increasing years of
service, the highest rank he/she may attain is either Insp 3rd class (for high school and below
qualification holders), or Insp 1st class (for university graduated certificate holders). Alternatively, young
officers who are holding university degree(regardless of disciplines and majors), usually after three years
of service, once his/her overall performance and ability meet operation needs, recommended by his/her
team leader or a higher commanding officer, may have chance to get promoted (as sub-unit
commander, detective supervisor...).

Officers at this mid-rank level play very important roles as the "Cornerstone" of the national police
force. As most of them have already served quite long years, with accumulated work experiences, no
matter standing at commanding or non-commanding position, they are either undertaking major
responsibilities in public security or nurturing young officers with self-model behaviors and proper
instructions.

Junior Officers

Sergeant 1st Class (一级警司, yījí jǐngsī)Shoulder insignia: three pips with one silver bar. Highest admin
position at this rank can be Station Commander, or Operations Squad Leader and sub-Unit
Commander/Section Head at a police bureau or sub-bureau, normally in charge of a detective case or a
common police raid operation.

Sergeant 2nd Class (二级警司, èrjí jǐngsī)Shoulder insignia: two pips with one silver bar. University
degree holder's entry ranking level is Sgt 2 class. Other than basic duties, also attend and assist sub-unit
commander/section head in handling all kinds of cases. Sometimes is second in charge or Acting
Commander during a case or operation.

Sergeant 3rd Class (三级警司, sānjí jǐngsī)Shoulder insignia: one pip with one silver bar. Other than
basic duties, also attend and assist sub-unit commander/section head in handling all kinds of cases.

Police Constable 1st Class (一级警員, yījí jǐngyuán)Shoulder insignia: two pips. Perform road patrol and
vehicle command duties.

Police Constable 2nd Class (二级警員, èrjí jǐngyuán)Shoulder insignia: one pip. Perform road patrol and
vehicle command duties.

Loyal and qualified officers with no misconduct record, are eligible to attain rank promotion at every
three-year of service (only applicable from PC 2nd class to Sgt 1st class). Rank does not have any
connection with position, it can only shows how many years you have been work for police unit.

Probationary Police Constable 见习警员 Shoulder insignia: two chevrons. (Normally one year
probationary period) Might be attaching to any of police stations or sub-units to familiar with the real
police operations.
Recruit (at PTS-Police Training School) 学警 Shoulder insignia: one chevron.

Logo and Uniform