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outcomes
Abstract
The present research is conducted to explore the influence of parents’ education on
their children’s academic performance. Various items measuring the influence of
parents' education on their kids were developed. A public university of Pakistan was
considered as population and cluster random sampling was used to collect sample by
a self-administered questionnaire. The analysis was done by the combination of
descriptive and inferential statistics. Over the last decade, parents and teachers are
supposed to collaborate more and more as partners in education. To establish these
partnerships, the primacy is placed on teachers and schools as they are the professional
partners. The results of our review study reveal different good practices to enhance
parental involvement: from parent and teacher training programs to reorganization of
the school structure and family interventions. When illiterate parents want to be
involved in their children's education, they are faced with many difficulties.
Remarkably, the research findings on the involvement of illiterate parents appeared to
be limited, in contrast with the results of our literature search on the topic of parental
involvement in children's education in general, which was very extensive. However,
we have found some good practices to foster the involvement of illiterate parents in
their children's education. Parents’ education is an important, but hardly exclusive part
of the common family background that generates positive correlation between
siblings’ educational attainments. Our estimates based on Norwegian twins indicate
that an additional year of either mother’s or father’s education increases their
children’s education by as little as one-tenth of a year. There is evidence that father’s
education has a larger effect than that of mothers: one explanation is that better
educated mothers work more in paid employment and spend less time interacting with
their children. We test this hypothesis and find no evidence to support it.
Probably the most noticeable and direct explanation of the link between parents’ education
and their children’s academic achievement depend on the assumption that parents learn
something during schooling that effects the ways in which they interact with their children
around learning activities in the home. Parents with higher education make sure their
children are exposed to lots of educational opportunities in their communities.
The association between parents’ and their children’s educational attainments has been one
of the measures featured in the study of intergenerational mobility. It has either been the
focus itself or has been part of the exploration of the reasons for earnings, income or social
class persistence--the opposite of mobility (for example, see Blanden et al. 2010). Parental
education is of course just one aspect of family background that influences children’s
subsequent achievements as adults, but an important one. For instance, parents’ educational
attainments have a large impact on their earnings; they may alter the ‘productivity’ of their
time investments in children, such as reading to the child; and they may affect children’s
aspirations.
The theoretical framework provided in section 3 is used to structure empirical analyses that
may allow us to identify the causal impact of mother’s and father’s education on that of
their children. Before that it is helpful to put parents’ education in the context of family
background viewed more generally.
Research problem
Our research problem is to study Effects of education and uneducated parents on children
outcomes.
Objectives of Study
The purpose of study is to point out the Effects of education and uneducated parents
on children outcomes in Pakistan. So these research will suggest some remedies to tackle
with this situation. Here will be told that Pakistan can make progress in all the fields of life
while resolving these issues.
Hypothesis
H2: To study the role of educated female in increasing literacy rate and nation building in
Pakistan.
The purpose of this study was Effects of education and uneducated parents on
children outcomes. The study was conducted to gain an understanding of the impact that
different parental educational levels have on the three dependent variables. Past research
has shown clearly that parental possession of a college degree leads to higher incomes,
higher educational attainment, and a choice of more selective colleges for their children
(Gruca et al., 1989). It is hypothesized that student-parent dynamics are important to the
success of a child's academic.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of distal variables (i.e., parental
educational attainment, parental influence, achievement and socioeconomic status, poverty
and achievement, and family structure), and proximal variables (i.e., home environment
and parent-child interaction) on the academic achievement of freshmen students. Two other
factors that might impinge on students' academic achievement were also examined: poverty
and socioeconomic status. Students were categorized into five groups based on whether
their parents possessed: (1) a high school diploma, (2) one or two years of college, (3) a
two-year associates or technical degree, (4) a four-year degree, and (5) a graduate or
professional degree.
Research Question
Thus, our analysis approximates the answer to the following thought experiment and policy
question: what would happen to the mean educational attainment of children if the
educational attainments of all women (men) were increased, for the same distribution of
available partners? There are alternative questions, such as how does an increase in an
individual’s education affect her child’s education, inclusive of the effects on who they
marry? But in light of general increase in parents’ education we focus on the former
question.
Awan and Bilal (2015) investigated the impact of educated and uneducated
mothers on child performance. The objective of the study was to find out the impact
educated and uneducated mothers on the academic achieving of the children. Survey
method was used; questionnaires for mothers were prepared to explore the issue at hand.
Ten different schools were selected, in which 20 children were selected randomly from
the schools of Peshawar City. Questionnaire was administered to the mothers of these
children. The collected data was organized tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted by using
spread sheet software. It was found that educated and uneducated mothers both take
interest in the education of their children. Financial problems become hurdles in the
performance of the children of uneducated mothers, whereas majority of children of
educated mothers affected. Results show that the education of mothers affects greatly the
performance of the children; whereas the educated mother has good effect and
uneducated mothers have bad effect on the education of their children. It is recommend
that beside curricular activities, schedule for co-curricular activate may also be provide
for the overall personality development of the child. Religious education may also be
given to the children. It is also necessary for the parents to check the class work of the
children regularly. Parents may help their children regarding home work. Free education
policy may be adopted by the Government to provide basic education for all.
Theoretical Framework
Investments in children that affect their educational attainment require both parental time
and money. Parents’ time with their children transmits abilities, aspirations and values that
affect how well they do in education, and there are many goods that parents buy, from early
child care to home computers to direct tuition and private education that affect the level of
education that children achieve. Parents’ education affects the amount and productivity of
these inputs. Our aim is to estimate the effect of a woman’s (man’s) education on her (his)
children’s education while controlling for her (his) partner’s education. A reasonable
interpretation of such an estimate is that the woman matches with a man with the same
education despite her higher education, which would only occur if all women’s education
increased by the same amount.
Research Methodology
No doubt the methodology is the order line of research. This mean the ways of
producing knowledge and critically analyzing the data. The present study will highlight the
causes of ethnicity in Pakistan and its effects on nation building. This research will be made
on the basis of public material by various semi government, autonomous bodies, official
documents, articles, newspapers, books and internet. So the date will be collected through
primary and secondary sources. In this research cluster random sampling was used as a
sampling technique considering the faculties of the university as clusters. The sample
number of respondents is selected from each cluster through proportional allocation.
Kruskal Wallis H test is a non-parametric test which is used to identify that all independent
samples come from the population with identical means. Kendall’s Tau b test tests the
association between ordinal scale variables.
Population
All students of each sex of government high schools of district Lodhran is treated
as population of the study. Total number of students in government high schools of
district Lodhran is in 2013. (School Education Department, Government of Punjab).
Sampling
The sample size of this study is 200. High schools of tehsil Dunyapur are selected
randomly, considering the possible access of researcher. The students of class VIII and
IX of these schools are treated as sample of the study. Students of class VIII and IX are
selected by calling their roll numbers randomly (e. g. 1, 5, 6, 9, 20, 26 etc.). However, in
the case of small number of students in the class, whole of the class is selected for the
sample. The crucial aspect of standardization is sampling including two important
variables: size and representativeness. The sampling must accurately reflect the target
population and it must be sufficiently large to reduce standard error of normative data to
negligible propositions. No statement can be made about sampling without relating with
population from which it is derived. A small but representative normative sample is far
superior to a large but bias sample. Large samples minimize sample errors (Kline, 1986).
Similarly to make sample homogenous, students of class VIII and IX between the age of
13 and 14 years were taken in sample.
Design of study
Design of the study is formal, study contains dependent and independent variables.
We see the impact of independent variable (educated mother) on dependent variable (child
academic achievements).
In our model we use the technique of correlation coefficient. It shows the degree
of association between mothers’ education and her children’s’ academic achievements.
In this paper we use correlation coefficient to see the impact of mothers’ education and
child’s academic achievement. This technique is purely an econometric technique. In
econometrics we use coefficient of correlation to see the degree of association between
two variables.
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