c
 

 



Copper is an important engineering material since it is widely used in its pure state
and also in alloys with other metals. In its pure state it is the most important
material in the electrical industry. It has high electrical conductivity and corrosion
resistance and is easy to fabricate. It has reasonable tensile strength, controllable
annealing properties and general soldering and joining characteristics. Alloyed
copper in the form of brass, and bronze is used extensively throughout the
mechanical engineering industry.

Copper alloys do not have a sharply defined yield point, so yield strength is reported
either as 0.5% extension under load, or as 0.2% offset or 0,05% offset. On the
basis (0.5% extension), yield strength of annealed material is approximately one-
third the tensile strength. As the material is cold worked or hardened, it becomes
less ductile, and yield strength approaches tensile strength.

Copper is specified according to temper, which is established by cold working or

annealing. Typical levels are: soft, half-hard, hard, spring, and extra-spring. Yield
strength of a hard-temper copper is approximately two-thirds of tensile strength. For
brasses, phosphor bronzes, or other commonly cold-worked grades, the hardest
available tempers are also the strongest. Ductility is sacrificed, of course, to gain
strength. Copper-beryllium alloys can be precipitation hardened to the highest
strength levels attainable in copper-base alloys.

 


1.? u EN 1976:1998..Copper and copper alloys. Cast unwrought
copper products
2.? u EN 1978:1998..Copper and copper alloys. Copper cathodes
3.? CEN 133/TC European numbering system (in preparation)ref
.European Numbering ystem for Non-Ferrous Metals
4.? u EN 1412:1996 :Copper and copper alloys. European numbering
system
5.? u EN 1173:1996: Copper and copper alloys. Material condition or
temper designation
6.? u EN 1982:1999:Copper and copper alloys. Ingots and castings

 



 c
 

Notes:
The values shown are for general guidance only for detailed values refer to
standards, and supplier literature..
 The mechanical property ranges from minimum (No temper- anealed) to maximum
(Full temper)

Unalloyed Copper
c
  #
£ c   !
"
 c Notes
    "

   
% %% % % MPa MPa %
uitable for conductors/fabricated
CW004 200- Cu-
99.9 electrical components - not in 50-340 50-5
A 400 ETP
reducing atm's
Cu-
CW006 General engineering and building 200-
99.9 50-340 50-5 FRT
A applications - not in red atm's. 400
P
CW008 99.9 Oxygen-free version of Cu-ETP for 200- Cu-
50-340 50-5
A 5 use in red'g atmos's. 400 OF

$ 

The copper-zinc brasses consist of a series of alloys of copper up to about 40%

Zinc. The property of the alloy varies as the zinc percentage changes. One of the
most useful alloys is the 70%Cu and 30% Zn alloy is famed for its deep-drawing
ability. This alloy is known as cartridge brass. It is also used for radiator cores,
tanks, lamp fixtures etc. Copper-Zinc brasses containing additional elements such as
tin, aluminium, silicon, manganese, nickel, and lead are referred to as "alloy
brasses". These alloys alloy further property enhancements to enable the brasses to
be used for a wider range of applications.


$ c
 

Notes:
The values shown are for general guidance only for detailed values refer to
standards, and supplier literature..
The mechanical property ranges from minimum (No temper- anealed) to maximum
(Full temper)

urass
c
 
£ c  !
" #
 c  Notes
   
 "
   
% %% % % MPa MPa %
CW500 94.0 Rem Very good cold working
60-420 240-420 45-4 CuZn5
L - . properties
 96.0 for electrical
71.0 Very good cold working
CW504 Rem CuZn2
- properties for extreme deep 120-420 310-500 30-2
L . 8
73.0 drawing
59.5
CW509 Rem Muntz metal - good hot and CuZn4
- 200-420 340-500 45-2
L . cold working properties. 0
61.5


%

$ c
 
Leaded urass
c  
£

  !

 c c   Notes I O spec'n
       "
 
% %% % % MPa MPa %
60. 2. 2. These alloys have excellent
CW60 0- 5- 5- Re machinability 340- CuZn36Pb
160-450 35-5
3N 62. 3. 3. m. but very limited cold 580 3
0 5 5 workability
61. 1.
CW60 0- 6- Re Good machinability.Reasonable 300- CuZn37Pb
160-450 45-5
6N 62. 2. m. cold working. 580 2
0 5
59. 0.
CW61 0- 2- Re Machinable, Good cold 360- CuZn39Pb
150-450 40-5
0N 60. 0. m. working, 580 0.5
5 8


 &  $
'

Alloys consisting of principally copper and tin are properly called "tin bronzes".
since phosphorus is usually added to these alloys as a deoxidising agent during
casting, the tin bronzes are commercially known as "phosphur bronzes". These
alloys possess desirable properties such as high strength, wear resistance, and good
sea water resistance.


  $
'c
 

Notes:
The values shown are for general guidance only for detailed values refer to
standards, and supplier literature..
The mechanical property ranges from minimum (No temper- anealed) to maximum
 (Full temper)

Tin uronze
c
 
£  !
" #
 c c  Notes
   
"
   
% % % % % MPa MPa %
3.5 trength increases as tin
CW450 Re 0.01 320-
- content 140-850 60-1 Cu n4
K m. -0.4 950
4.5 increases. Good
5.5
CW452 Re 0.01 prings, instrument 340-
- 140-950 60-1 Cu n6
K m. -0.4 components, wire 1000
7.0
0.1 7.5
CW460 Re 0.2- 460- Cu n8Pb
- - 280-550 40-5
K m. 0.4 650 P
0.5 9.0



 ( 
 

Notes:

The values shown are for general guidance only for detailed values refer to
standards, and supplier literature..
The mechanical property ranges from minimum (No temper- anealed) to maximum
(Full temper)

Copper Aluminium
c  
£ *

  !

 ( ) £ ( £
 #"
       "
 
       MPa MPa %
0. Alpha phase alloy for tube
CW30 Re 4.0- 1- making.
- 130 380 55 CuAl5As
0G m. 6.5 0. May beheavily cold
4 worked
2. 1.
9.0- High strength alloys for
CW30 Re 0- 5- 600- CuAl10Fe3
11. usein aggressive media 330-510 15-5
6G m. 4. 3. 720 Mn2
0 when
0 5
CW30 Re 10. 5. 5. High trength, Good wear 750- CuAl11Fe6
- 500-680 10-5
8G m. 5- 0- 0- & impact strength. 850 Ni6
 12. 7. 7.
5 0 0



 £+

 

Copper Nickel
c
 
£ ( ( * !
"
 ) £ £

    #"
 
   
     MPa MPa %
24.
CW350 Re 0- UK 'silver' coinage
120 300 - CuNi25
H m. 26. alloy.
0
1.0 9.0- 0.5 Excellent sea-water
CW352 Re 290- CuNi10Fe1
- 11. - corrosion 100-420 35-8
H m. 520 Mn
2.0 0 1.0 resistance.
30.
0.4 0.5 Excellent sea-water
CW354 Re 0- 350- CuNi30Mn1
- - corrosion resistance. 130-330 35-12
H m. 32. 520 Fe
1.0 1.5 Erosion resistant
0

% +c

  




?