Effect of English and Urdu as a medium of instruction on student

achievement at elementary level in rural areas of girls public

schools of tehsil Gujrat
Introduction:
Education is a process of learning and learning is a path towards better social interaction. The
groundwork behind the developed nations is their struggle for education, they worked
diligently so that they can achieve more in less time. Pakistan is developing country but now
its government is depositing a lot of efforts towards education department.
Pakistan is a multilingual state so government of Pakistan offers multiple mediums of
instruction like Urdu, English and regional languages’ used in multiple geographical areas of
country e.g. Sindhi language is used as medium of instruction in Sindh province. Native
language is always a good medium of instruction to be taught anywhere in the world because
it produce max student learning. Medium of instruction highlight multiple threats for the
countries like Pakistan where people are multilingual .many policies like educational
conference (1947) and national education policy (1959). It was suggested that provisional
languages will be used as early education (elementary level), Urdu will be taught at secondary
level and higher education will be in taught in English. After that, multiple policies were
introduced like national educational policy (1979) and education policy 2009.
As parents are not highly educate in rural areas of gujrat so most common language is mother
tongue (Punjabi). In rare cases child is instructed to talk in Urdu. In these circumstances I is
tough for a students to learn syllabus in English. There are possibilities that student attention
is diverted because they have no such environment in their houses.
Rather the ideal situation is that child must feel comfortable in whatever medium of
instruction he/she is taught. Student must attain similar results either he/she is taught English
or Urdu as medium of instruction in rural areas.

Problem statement:
Pakistan support multilingual culture. Due to which medium of instruction has become a big
concern.The problem to be studied in in the current study is to evaluate the effect of using
English and Urdu separately as medium of instruction on students achievement(results) at
elementary level in rural areas of girls public schools od tehsil gujrat so that decision may
take which language should be followed as medium of instruction, Urdu or English medium.

Objectives:
To determine the Effect of English and Urdu as a medium of instruction on student
achievement at elementary level in rural areas of girls public schools of tehsil Gujrat

Research questions:
1. Does medium of instruction effect student’s results?
 2. Is there any difference in rural students’ academic achievement taught through
English and Urdu as medium of instruction?

Null hypothesis:
There is no effect or statistical significance of medium of instruction on student result
whether they are taught Urdu or English at elementary level in rural areas of tehsil gujrat.

Alternate hypothesis:
There is effect of medium of instruction (English/Urdu) on student results at elementary
level in rural areas of tehsil gujrat.

Significance:
The proposed research project would be serviceable for the public institutions to choose
between the medium of instruction which produce better results and learning. It will also help
teachers, they will be able to know the comfortable zone of students (whether they are
flexible with Urdu or English).it will also help parents in case that they suggest their child to
study in English or Urdu medium for better understanding and good results.

Limitations:
1. Low Strength rate of English medium of students.
2. Shortage of the time.

Delimitation:
 My study was delimited to only schools of rural areas of tehsil gujrat.
 Research was delimited to girls’ public schools.
 Study was delimited to markaz kunjah.
 Research was delimited to timing of data collection.

Research methodology:
Research type researcher chooses was action research and it was quantitative and descriptive
because data was collected and result was generated from calculations.

1. population:
All the rural girls public elementary schools of markaz A&B of tehsil gujrat.

2. sample:
All the rural girls public elementary schools of markaz A&B of tehsil gujrat who taught both
Urdu and English medium in their schools.

3. sampling technique:
The sampling technique which was selected for research was non probability sampling
because study was limited to only those schools who taught English and Urdu medium of
instruction at same so the researcher can only access only selected schools.

4. Research instrument:
Students result gazette was collected from DEO office Gujrat.

5. Data collection:
Data was collected from the gazette because it shows all previous students results.

6. data analysis:
All the collected data was entered in statistical SPS software version 2.4 and t-test was used
for computations and the effect of result was determined by U-test.

7. ethical:
Ethical values were seriously followed in the research so that it any not affect any one
involved in the research and all the participants were made ensure of it.