Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX005a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 6

Title Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-10

Made by Matthias Oppe Date June 2005
Checked by Christian Müller Date June 2005

Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

This worked example on the choice of a steel sub-grade should clarify for a
simple structure the procedure how to use Table 2.1 in EN 1993-1-10 and
how to determine the input data element thickness, reference temperature
and stress level.

Q; G

10,00 [m]

Basic data
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Choice of a steel sub-grade for a beam of a multi-storey building according to

the data given below.

! Span length : 10,00 m

! Bay width : 6,00 m
! Slab depth : 15 cm
! Partitions : 0,75 kN/m2
! Imposed load : 2,50 kN/m2
! Concrete density : 24 kN/m3
! Steel grade : S355

Weight of the slab : 0,15 × 24 kN/m3 = 3,60 kN/m2

Created on Monday, January 09, 2012
Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX005a-EN-EU Sheet 2 of 6

Title Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-10

Made by Matthias Oppe Date June 2005
Checked by Christian Müller Date June 2005

IPE 500 – Steel grade S355 tf

z Euronorm
19-57
Depth h = 500 mm
Width b = 200 mm tw

Web thickness tw = 10,2 mm y y

h
Flange thickness tf = 16,0 mm
Fillet r = 21 mm
Mass 90,7 kg/m
z
b

Section area A = 116 cm2

Second moment of area /yy Iy = 48200 cm4
Second moment of area /zz Iz = 2140 cm4
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Torsion constant It = 89,30 cm4

Elastic section modulus /yy Wel,y = 1928 cm3
Plastic section modulus /yy Wpl,y = 2194 cm3

Self weight of the beam : (90,7 × 9,81) × 10-3 = 0,89 kN/m

Permanent load : G = 0,89 + (3,6 + 0,75) × 6,00 = 26,99 kN/m
Variable load (Imposed load) : Q = 2,5 × 6,0 = 15,00 kN/m

Yield strength
Steel grade S355 EN 1993-1-1
Table 3.1
The maximum thickness is 16 mm < 40 mm, so : fy = 355 N/mm2

Load combination (TEd is leading action): EN 1993-1-10

§2.2(4)
Ed = E { A[TEd] "+" "GK "+" !1 QK1 "+" "!2,i QKi } eq.(2.1)

not relevant for this example

Where:
EN 1990
!1 = 0,5
Created on Monday, January 09, 2012

A1.2.2 (1)
Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX005a-EN-EU Sheet 3 of 6

Title Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-10

Made by Matthias Oppe Date June 2005
Checked by Christian Müller Date June 2005

Calculation of reference temperature TEd

TEd % Tmd $ #Tr $ #T" $ #TR $ #T!! $ #T! cf EN 1993-1-10
§2.2 eq.(2.2)
Where:
National Annex
Tmd = & 25 °C (lowest air temperature) to EN 1991-1-5
National Annex
#Tr = & 5 °C (maximal radiation loss) to EN 1991-1-5
EN 1993-1-10
#T" = 0 °C (adjustment for stress and yield strength) §2.2 (5) Note 2

#TR = 0 °C (safety allowance to reflect different EN 1993-1-10

reliability levels for different applications) §2.2 (5) Note 1
#T!! = 0 °C (assumed strain rate equal to reference EN 1993-1-10
strain rate '!0 ) §2.2 (5)

EN 1993-1-10
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#T! cf = 0 °C (no cold forming for this member) §2.2 (5)

_________________________

TEd = & 30 °C

Calculation of relevant loads

QK + !1 GK1 = 26,99 + 0,5 × 15,00 = 34,49 kN/m

Moment diagram

M
431,1 kNm

Maximum moment at mid span :

My,Ed = 34,49 × 10² / 8 = 431,1 kNm

Calculation of maximum bending stress:

M y,Ed 431,1 ( 1000
) Ed % % % 223,6 N/mm²
Wel, y 1928

Stress level as a proportion of nominal yield strength

)Ed = 223,6 N/mm²
Created on Monday, January 09, 2012

EN 1993-1-10
t
f y(t) % f y,nom & 0 ,25 ( §2.3.2
t0
Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX005a-EN-EU Sheet 4 of 6

Title Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-10

Made by Matthias Oppe Date June 2005
Checked by Christian Müller Date June 2005

where:
t = 16 mm (flange thickness)
t0 = 1 mm
16
f y(t) % 355 & 0,25 ( % 351 N/mm²
1
Note: fy(t) may also be taken as ReH-value from the product standard
EN10025

proportion of the nominal yield strength

223,6
) Ed % ( f y(t) % 0,64 f y(t)
351
Choice of steel sub-grade
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Note: Two different ways can be used to choose an appropriate steel

subgrade. The first one is conservative without usage of interpolation.
By linear interpolation the second possibility leads to more economic
values. Within this example both methods are presented.

1. Conservative method
Input values:

Proportion of yield strength: ) Ed % 0,75 f y(t) * ) Ed % 0,64 f y(t)

Temperature: TEd % &30 °C = TEd % &30 °C

Element thickness: t % 25 mm * t f % 16 mm
Created on Monday, January 09, 2012
Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX005a-EN-EU Sheet 5 of 6

Title Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-10

Made by Matthias Oppe Date June 2005
Checked by Christian Müller Date June 2005

Table 1: Conservative determination of maximum permissible values of EN 1993-1-10

element thickness Table 2.1
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S355JO provides a limiting thickness of 25mm > tf = 16mm

2. Exact Determination
Linear interpolation can be used in applying Table 2.1 of EN 1993-1-10 for
the actual value of the proportion of the nominal yield strength.

Proportion of yield strength:

a) ) Ed % 0,75 f y(t) b) ) Ed % 0,50 f y(t)

Temperature:
TEd % &30 °C TEd % &30 °C
Max permissible element thickness for S355JR
t () Ed % 0,75 f y(t)) % 15 mm t () Ed % 0,50 f y(t)) % 30 mm

with linear interpolation:

Created on Monday, January 09, 2012

t () Ed % 0,64 f y f y(t)) % 21,6 mm * t f % 16 mm

a
E x a m p l e : C h o o s i n g

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Document Ref: SX005a-EN-EU Sheet 6 of 6
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CALCULATION SHEET
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Title Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

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Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-10

Made by Matthias Oppe Date June 2005
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Checked by Christian Müller Date June 2005

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Table 2: Exact determination of maximum permissible values of element thickness EN 1993-1-10

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Table 2.1
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S355JR provides a limiting thickness of 21,6mm > tf = 16mm

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Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

Example: Choosing a steel sub-grade

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ORIGINAL DOCUMENT

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Created by Matthias Oppe RWTH 16/06/05

Technical content checked by Christian Müller RWTH 06/07/05

Editorial content checked by D C Iles SCI 15/07/05

Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:

1. UK G W Owens SCI 30/6/05

2. France A Bureau CTICM 30/6/05

3. Sweden A Olsson SBI 30/6/05

4. Germany C Müller RWTH 30/6/05

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

5. Spain J Chica Labein 30/6/05

Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 21/05/06

Coordinator

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Created on Monday, January 09, 2012