Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islamia

Hierarchy of Indian Courts

BY: FIZA HUSSAIN BABA

BA-LLB 2nd Year, 3rd Semester
S.NO CONTENTS Page No
1 ABSTRACT 1
2 INTRODUCTION 2
3 Hierarchy of Indian court 3
4 Supreme COURT 3
5 High COURT 4
6 District court 5
7 Structure of hierarchy of 6
Indian court
8 conclusion

9 Refrence
 1.
ABSTRACT
This article will provide a detailed discussion about the
hierarchical structure of these courts along with the areas of
activities covered by them.
Courts are divided in three categories with top courts as
“SUPREME COURT”, middle court as “ HIGH COURT” and the
lower court as “DISTRICT COURT”.
2.
INTRODUCTION
India, being one of the biggest countries in the world has a very strong
judiciary system which is inherent with the structure of courts and is
hierarchy. This system provides livelihood to huge number of
professionals attached with the system of judiciary in various forms
and the serves the nation in many forms with the services.
Because of the size of the country , the judiciary is planned as per the
requirement of the citizen of India with the locations of courts as per
status to serve community with great ability and efficiency.
The court structure is set as per the judiciary system prevailing in India
With differentiation of applicability as per the merit of case.
In this present essay we will highlight the “hierarchy of courts of
Indian”.
 3.
Hierarchy Of Indian Courts
There are different levels of judiciary system in India
empowered with different types of courts. The courts are
structured with very strong judiciary. This system is strong
enough to make limitations of court with its jurisdiction and
exercise the powers.
The “SUPREME COURT” of India is placed at the top followed by
“HIGHT COURT” and “DISTRICT COURT” at the lower level.

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

The supreme court of India is the highest level of court in Indian
juridical system which has established as per Part 5 ,chapter 4
of the constitution of India which endorses the concept of
supreme court as Federal court to play the role of guardian of
the esteemed constitution of India with the status of highest
level of courts in the status of appeal cases.
As conferred by Article 124 to 147 of Indian constituency ,the
jurisdiction and composition of supreme court is being fixed.
This court is accepting the appeals which has been heard in high
court .This court also accepts writ petition with the suspected
occurrence of activities which may infer about violation of
human rights and subsequent petitions are accepted to hear
and judge the consequences if such happening.
These petitions are accepted under ARTICLE 35 of Indian
constitution .
This court is comprised of chief justice along with 30 judges to
carry on the operation of court. The supreme court is governed
by the supreme court rules which was published in the year
1966.

4.
HIGH COURT OF INDIA
High courts are second courts of importance of the democracy of India.
They are run by Article 141 of the constitution of India. The supreme
court of India is the highest level of court and is responsible for fixing
the guidance to the high court set by precedence. High courts are
mostly confined to the jurisdiction of state, group of states or union
Territory . They are empowered to govern the jurisdiction of lower
courts like family , civil and criminal courts with other different courts
of district. High courts normally involved in the appeal raised in the
cases of lower courts with the writ petition as conferred in the Article
226 of constitution of India.
The appointment of judges of high court are being executed by the
President of India with the consultation of chief justice of India and the
governor of state or union territory.
 5.
LOWER COURTS OF INDIA
The basis of structuring of district court in India is mainly depending
upon the discretion of the state government or the union territories.
The structure of those courts are mainly made considering several
factors like number of cases , distribution of population etc. Depending
upon those factors the state government takes the decision of number
of district courts to be operation for single district or clubbing together
different adjacent districts.
Normally these types of courts their power of jurisdiction services in
district level. These courts are covered by administrative power of high
court .
The district courts are mainly run by state government appointed
district judges.
Their are in total 351 district courts in operation out of which 324 are
of states while 9 are union territories.
6
THE HIERARCHIASL STRUCTURE OF INDIAN
COURT

SUPREME COURS OF INDIA

HIGH COURTS
 CONCLUSION
With the above essay, the hierarchy of the courts and justice system in
India had been properly discussed with the emphasis given on the
judicial system of the country. It is evident that the role of the
constitution of India plays a major role in this aspect with the help of
other rules.

REFRENCE
[1] ALOK Prasanna Kumar, 201`6 ,How many
judges does india really need.
[2] Gktoday , 2016, Supreme Court Of India.
[3] Indianetzone , 2013, High Court In India.
[4] Nic , 2016 , District courts of India.
[5] www.lexisnexis.com
[6] MP jain India constitutional law.
 LOWER COURTS IN DISTRICT

CIVIL COURT CRIMINAL COURT REVENUE COURT

DISTRICT JUDGE DISTRICT JUDGE & BOARD OF REVENUE

DISTRICT SESSION
JUDGE

SUB-JUDGE FAMILY METROPITIAN OR I COMMISSIONER OR

CLASS MAGISTRATE COLLECTOR

MUNSIF TEHSILDAR
II CLASS
MAGISTRATE

LOK ADALT, SMALL CAUSE III CLASS ASST. TEHSILDAR

COURT MAGISTRATE