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Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods and procedures employed to this

study includes research design, research respondents, data procedure

gathering, research instrument and data analysis.

Research Design

The study utilized quantitative research approach in which the

researcher investigates the mother tongue based multi-lingual education

as predictors to teaching strategies, instructional materials and teachers’

training in Mati North District. Quantitative research approach suited in

this study because this research claims to develop knowledge, surveys,

and collect data on predetermined instruments that yield statistical data

(Aliaga and Gunderson, 2000). The researcher knows in advance what

he/she is looking for and all aspects of the study are carefully designed

before the data is collected.

Quantitative is a means for testing objective by examining the

relationship among variables. These variables, in turn, can be measured

typically an instrument and the data can be analyzed using the statistical

procedures (Aliaga and Gunderson, 2000).

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Descriptive research can be either quantitative or qualitative. It can

involve collections of quantitative information that can be tabulated along

a continuum in numerical form, such as scores on a test or the number of

times a person chooses to use a-certain feature of a multimedia program,

or it can describe categories of information such as gender or patterns of

interaction when using technology in a group situation (Glass & Hopkins,

1984). Descriptive research involves gathering data that describe events

and then organizes, tabulates, depicts, and describes the data collection

(Glass & Hopkins, 1984). Descriptive studies are aimed at finding out

"what is," so observational and survey methods are frequently used to

collect descriptive data (Borg & Gall, 1989).

Research Respondents

The research respondents will be the primary teachers. A universal

purposive sampling will be used in this research. According Black (2010)

that purposive sampling is a sampling technique in which researcher relies

on his or her own judgment when choosing members of population to

participate in the study.

Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling method and it

occurs when “elements selected for the sample are chosen by the judgment

of the researcher. Researchers often believe that they can obtain a

representative sample by using a sound judgment, which will result in

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saving time and money (Black, 2010). The main goal of purposive

sampling is to focus on particular characteristics of a population

that are of interest, which will best enable you to answer your research

questions rather, it is a choice, the purpose of which varies depending on

the type of purposing sampling technique that is used.

A total of 154 primary teachers have chosen to participate in the said

research. It will be conducted to all schools in Mati North District, Division

of the City of Mati. The study will be conducted on the S.Y. 2018-2019.

School Number of Respondents

Teachers (Grade I-III Teachers)
Antonino Vicentino ES 15 6
Alberto V. Ravelo ES 8 4
Benito G. Rabat EES 23 8
Bobon ES 24 10
Matiao Central ES 42 14
Fausta Salazar Como MS 8 4
Governor Leopoldo Lopez MS 19 7
Jose C. Martinez ES 14 9
Don Luis Rabat ES 30 12
Don Enrique Lopez ES 19 7
Don Salvador Lopez ES 18 8
Cangusan ES 7 4
Tamia ES 7 4
Mayo ES 22 8
Sta. Cruz ES 7 4
Bugakan ES 7 4
Tamisan ES 14 6
Gavino Dawang ES 8 4
Taguibo ES 12 4
Buso ES 12 5
Cabubuanan ES 8 6
Tagbinonga ES 10 4
Pedro Malintad ES 10 4
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Tagabakid ES 8 4
Serafin Vizconde ES 7 4
Total 367 154

Research Instrument

The respondents of this study are the newly hired teachers in Grade

1 to 3 primary teachers in all schools in Mati North District, Division of the

City of Mati.

Likert (1932) developed the principle of measuring attitudes by

asking people to respond to a series of statements about a topic, in terms

of the extent to which they agree with them, and so tapping into the

cognitive and affective components of attitudes (Burns, & Grove,

1997). Likert-type or frequency scales use fixed choice response formats

and are designed to measure attitudes or opinions (Bowling, 1997). These

ordinal scales measure levels of agreement/disagreement. A Likert-type

scale assumes that the strength/intensity of experience is linear, i.e. on a

continuum from strongly agree to strongly disagree, and makes the

assumption that attitudes can be measured. Respondents may be offered

a choice of five to seven or even nine pre-coded responses with the neutral

point being neither agree nor disagree (Bowling, 1997).

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In its final form, the Likert Scale is a five or seven point scale which

is used to allow the individual to express how much they agree or disagree

with a particular statement.

A five (5) point Likert Scale will be used as bases in responding the

items in the tool. This represented as follows:

a. Problems encountered by the primary teachers using mother tongue

based multi-lingual education as the medium of instruction.

Scale Verbal Description Measurement and Indicators

This means that the primary
teachers always uses different
4.50 - 5.00 Always strategies to address the needs of
the children.
This means that the primary
teachers often use different
3.50 - 4.49 Often strategies to address the needs of
the children.
This means that the primary
2.50 - 3.49 Sometimes teachers sometimes use different
strategies to address the needs of
the children.
This means that the primary
1.50 - 2.49 Seldom teachers seldom use different
strategies to address the needs of
the children.
This means that the primary
1.0 - 1.49 Never teachers never use a strategy to
address the needs of the children.

Data Procedure Gathering

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A formal permission letter will be made in order to ask permission

from the Schools Division Superintendent (SDS) in conducting the study

through the recommending approval of the class adviser in Research and

Methods subject.

A letter of recommendation will be prepared and will be obtained

from the office of the SDS and will be sent through email and the

recommendation will be given to the researcher to permit and conduct the

study.

The respondents will be briefed and will be explained the purpose of

the study and all the information that will be given by the respondents will

be kept completely confidential. All instructions will be clearly stated and

will be explained by the researcher upon obtaining reliable and valid

results.

All data for this study will be collected. The survey questionnaires

will be distributed at the mid of February, 2019 to determine the problems

encountered by the primary teachers in using mother tongue based multi-

lingual education as the medium of instruction in all schools in Mati North

District.

Ethical Considerations

For ethical consideration, this study will be submitted to Davao

Oriental State College of Science and Technology Research Committee. To

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recognize the authority of the school administration, a face-to-face meeting

with the school principal was arranged to personally explain the study and

secure permission before the study could start. As soon as permission was

granted by the school principal, a personal interview with the homeroom

teachers was conducted. They were informed about the import of the

study, how it would be carried out, and how they could participate. In this

interview, they were asked to sign an informed consent form. Although

negotiation was done, no form of coercion or payment was used to acquire

the consent and participation of the people concerned.

Data Analysis

The data generated from the response of 154 primary public school

teachers will be treated statistical accordingly to have a descriptive as well

as inferential measures of the corresponding variables defined in this

study.

The level of mother tongue based multi-lingual education, teaching

strategies, instructional materials and teachers’ trainings well be

generated either the correspondence analysis or multidimensional scaling.

While the measure of effect will be detected using either the path analysis

or neutral network procedures.