CBSE Class 12 Biology Board Question Paper Solved 2018 Set 1 PDF

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SET-1
Series SGN H$moS> Z§.
Code No. 57/1
amob Z§. narjmWu H$moS >H$mo CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wI-n¥ð
Roll No. >na Adí` {bIo§ &
Candidates must write the Code on the
title page of the answer-book.
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _o§ _w{ÐV n¥ð> 11 h¢ &

 àíZ-nÌ _| Xm{hZo hmW H$s Amoa {XE JE H$moS >Zå~a H$mo N>mÌ CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wI-n¥ð> na
{bI| &
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 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _| >26 àíZ h¢ &
co
 H¥$n`m àíZ H$m CÎma {bIZm ewê$ H$aZo go nhbo, àíZ H$m H«$_m§H$ Adí` {bI| &
.

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Bg àíZ-nÌ H$mo n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE 15 {_ZQ >H$m g_` {X`m J`m h¡ & àíZ-nÌ H$m {dVaU nydm©•
_| 10.15 ~Oo {H$`m OmEJm & 10.15 ~Oo go 10.30 ~Oo VH$ N>mÌ Ho$db àíZ-nÌ H$mo n‹T>|Jo
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Am¡a Bg Ad{Y Ho$ Xm¡amZ do CÎma-nwpñVH$m na H$moB© CÎma Zht {bI|Jo &
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 Please check that this question paper contains 11 printed pages.

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 Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be
written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
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 Please check that this question paper contains 26 questions.

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 Please write down the Serial Number of the question before

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attempting it.
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 15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question
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paper will be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the
students will read the question paper only and will not write any answer on
the answer-book during this period.
Ord {dkmZ (g¡ÕmpÝVH$)

BIOLOGY (Theory)
{ZYm©[aV g_` : 3 KÊQ>o A{YH$V_ A§H$ : 70

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 70
Downloaded from www.studiestoday.com

57/1 1 P.T.O.
gm_mÝ` {ZX}e :
(i) àíZ-nÌ _| nm±M IÊS>m| _§o 26 àíZ {XE JE h¢ & g^r àíZ A{Zdm`© h¢ &
(ii) IÊS> A _| àíZ g§»`m 1 go 5 A{V bKw-CÎmar` àíZ h¢, àËòH$ àíZ 1 A§H$ H$m h¡ &
(iii) IÊS> B _| àíZ g§»`m 6 go 10 bKw-CÎmar` àíZ àH$ma I Ho$ h¢, àËòH$ àíZ 2 A§H$m| H$m
h¡ &
(iv) IÊS> C _| àíZ g§»`m 11 go 22 bKw-CÎmar` àíZ àH$ma II Ho$ h¢, àËòH$ àíZ 3 A§H$m|
H$m h¡ &
(v) IÊS> D _| àíZ g§»`m 23 _yë` AmYm[aV àíZ 4 A§H$m| H$m h¡ &
(vi) IÊS> E _| àíZ g§»`m 24 go 26 XrK©-CÎmar` àíZ h¢, àËòH$ àíZ 5 A§H$m| H$m h¡ &
m
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(vii) àíZ-nÌ _| g_J« na H$moB© {dH$ën Zht h¡, {\$a ^r 2 A§H$m| dmbo EH$ àíZ _|, 3 A§H$m| dmbo
EH$ àíZ _| Am¡a 5 A§H$m| dmbo g^r VrZm| àíZm| _| ^rVar M`Z-{dH$ën {XE JE h¢ & àËòH$
.
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narjmWu H$mo Eogo àíZm| Ho$ Xmo {dH$ënm| _§o go H$moB© EH$ àíZ hb H$aZm h¡ &
od
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General Instructions :
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(i) There are a total of 26 questions and five sections in the question paper.
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All questions are compulsory.

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(ii) Section A contains questions number 1 to 5, very short-answer type

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questions of 1 mark each.

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(iii) Section B contains questions number 6 to 10, short-answer type I

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questions of 2 marks each.

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(iv) Section C contains questions number 11 to 22, short-answer type II

questions of 3 marks each.
(v) Section D contains question number 23, value based question of 4 marks.
(vi) Section E contains questions number 24 to 26, long-answer type questions
of 5 marks each.
(vii) There is no overall choice in the question paper, however, an internal
choice is provided in one question of 2 marks, one question of 3 marks and
all the three questions of 5 marks. In these questions, an examinee is to
attempt any one of the two given alternatives.

57/1 2
IÊS> A
SECTION A
1. dh Xmohao CÔoí` {b{IE {OZH$s ~hþbH$sH$aU _| ny{V© S>rAm°ŠgramB~moÝ`ypŠb`mogmBS>

Q´>mB\$m°ñ\o$Q> H$aVo h¢ & 1
Write the dual purpose served by Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in

polymerisation.
2. Xmo amoJm| Ho$ Zm_ {b{IE {OZH$m àgma ES>rµO _ÀN>am| Ho$ CÝ_ybZ Ho$ Ûmam {Z`§{ÌV {H$`m Om
gH$Vm h¡ & 1
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Name two diseases whose spread can be controlled by the eradication of
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Aedes mosquitoes.
.
3. ay
_mZd _| gmBQ>moH$mBZ amoY _mZd _| {H$g àH$ma ghO à{Vajm àXmZ H$aVo h¢ ? 1
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How do cytokine barriers provide innate immunity in humans ?
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4. {ZåZ{b{IV Ho$ Zm_ {b{IE : 1

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(a) 15 {_{b`Z df© nyd© dZ_mZwf (Eon) Ho$ g_mZ àmB_oQ>

.s
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(b) 2 {_{b`Z df© nyd© nydu A\«$sH$m Ho$ Kmg-ñWbm| _| ahZo dmbo àmB_oQ>
w
w
Write the names of the following :
(a) A 15 mya primate that was ape-like
(b) A 2 mya primate that lived in East African grasslands
5. àmH²$-B§gw{bZ _| hmoZo dmbo Cg amgm`{ZH$ n[adV©Z H$m C„oI H$s{OE {OgHo$ Ûmam dh
n[anŠd B§gw{bZ H$s Vah H$m`© H$aZo _| gj_ hmo OmVm h¡ & 1
Mention the chemical change that proinsulin undergoes, to be able to act

as mature insulin.

57/1 3 P.T.O.
IÊS> B
SECTION B
6. {~Zm-\$brXma ñWbr` µ\$gb H$mo CJmZo Ho$ {bE {_Å>r _| ZmBQ´>moOZ H$s _mÌm _| gwYma hoVw
AmnH$s gbmh _m±Jr JB© h¡ &
(a) Eogo Xmo gyú_Ordm| H$s AZwe§gm H$s{OE Omo {_Å>r _| ZmBQ´>moOZ H$m g§dY©Z H$a gH|$ &
(b) \$brXma µ\$gbm| H$mo {_Å>r Ho$ Bg àH$ma Ho$ g§dY©Z H$s Amdí`H$Vm Š`m| Zht hmoVr ? 2
Your advice is sought to improve the nitrogen content of the soil to be

used for cultivation of a non-leguminous terrestrial crop.
(a) Recommend two microbes that can enrich the soil with nitrogen.
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(b) Why do leguminous crops not require such enrichment of the soil ?
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7. Eogm _mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ {H$gr g_{ï> _| EH$ OrZ H$s Eobrb Amd¥{Îm`m± nr‹T>r Xa nr‹T>r
.
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EH$g_mZ ahVr h¢ & hmS>u-doZ~J© Zo ~rOJ{UVr` g_rH$aU H$s ghm`Vm go BgH$s ì`m»`m
od
{H$g àH$ma H$s ? 2
AWdm
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`Ú{n Agr_Ho$ÝÐH$s H$mo{eH$m _| ñnï> Ho$ÝÐH$ Zht hmoVm, {\$a ^r S>r.EZ.E. nyar H$mo{eH$m _|
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\¡$bm Zht hmoVm & ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 2

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With the help of an algebraic equation, how did Hardy-Weinberg explain

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that in a given population the frequency of occurrence of alleles of a gene

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is supposed to remain the same through generations ?

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OR
Although a prokaryotic cell has no defined nucleus, yet DNA is not
scattered throughout the cell. Explain.
8. g§.am. A_o[aH$m Ho$ AH$m©Q>m, H¡${b\$mo{Z©`m, Ho$ ‘AH$m©Q>m H$ÀN> Ho$ {_Ì’ Zm_H$ ZmJ[aH$ g_yh
Zo EH$sH¥$V An{eï> Ob CnMma Ûmam H$ÀN> ^y{_ Ho$ Ob H$s JwUdÎmm gwYmaZo _| {H$g àH$ma
ghm`Vm H$s ? Mma MaUm| _| BgH$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 2
How did a citizen group called Friends of Arcata Marsh, Arcata,
California, USA, help to improve water quality of the marshland using
Integrated Waste Water Treatment ? Explain in four steps.

57/1 4
9. AmnH$mo A{YH$ CnO dmbr Q>_mQ>a H$s EH$ ZB© {H$ñ_ àmßV hþB© h¡ & Cg VH$ZrH$ H$m Zm_
{b{IE {OgHo$ Ûmam Q>_mQ>a µ\$gb H$s ^mdr nr{‹T>`m| H$s ~‹S>r g_{ï>`m| _| dm§{N>V bjUm| H$s
{Za§VaVm ~ZmE aIZo H$mo gw{ZpíMV {H$`m Om gHo$ & Bg {d{Y H$s ì`m»`m ^r H$s{OE & 2
You have obtained a high yielding variety of tomato. Name and explain
the procedure that ensures retention of the desired characteristics
repeatedly in large populations of future generations of the tomato crop.
10. (a) {hamoBZ S´>J Ho$ òmoV nm¡Yo H$m Zm_ {b{IE & `h nm¡Yo go {H$g àH$ma àmßV H$s OmVr
h¡ ?
(b) _mZd eara na {hamoBZ Ho$ à^mdm| H$mo {b{IE & 2
(a) Name the source plant of heroin drug. How is it obtained from the
plant ?
(b) Write the effects of heroin on the human body.
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IÊS> C
.
SECTION C
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11. nyU© {dH${gV (n[anŠd) _mZd ewH«$mUw H$m {MÌ ~ZmBE & BgHo$ VrZ ^mJm| H$mo Zm_m§{H$V H$a
CZHo$ H$m`© {b{IE & 3
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Draw a diagram of a mature human sperm. Label any three parts and
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write their functions.

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12. (a) dr.EZ.Q>r.Ama. H$m nyam Zm_ {b{IE VWm S>r.EZ.E. q\$JaqàqQ>J (S>r.EZ.E.
.s
A§Jw{bN>mnr) _| BgH$s ^y{_H$m H$m dU©Z H$s{OE &

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(b) S>r.EZ.E. A§Jw{bN>mnr VH$ZrH$ Ho$ H$moB© Xmo AZwà`moJ {b{IE & 3
w
(a) Expand VNTR and describe its role in DNA fingerprinting.

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(b) List any two applications of DNA fingerprinting technique.

13. A{ZfoH$\$bZ VWm A{ZfoH$OZZ _| {dôX H$s{OE & àËòH$ H$m EH$-EH$ CXmhaU ^r Xr{OE & 3
Differentiate between Parthenocarpy and Parthenogenesis. Give one
example of each.
14. {M{H$Ëgm H$s Ñ{ï> go g^r `wdm _mVmAm| H$mo `h gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ CZHo$ ZdOmV
{eewAm| Ho$ {bE ñVZnmZ gdm}Îm_ h¡ & Š`m Amn Bggo gh_V h¢ ? H$maU g{hV AnZo CÎma
H$s nw{ï> H$s{OE & 3
Medically it is advised to all young mothers that breastfeeding is the best
for their newborn babies. Do you agree ? Give reasons in support of your
answer.

57/1 5 P.T.O.
15. n{j`m| _| ‘qbJ-{ZYm©aU’ H$s {H«$`m{d{Y H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & _mZdm| _| qbJ-{ZYm©aU go `h
{H$g àH$ma {^Þ h¡ ? 3
Explain the mechanism of ‘sex determination’ in birds. How does it differ
from that of human beings ?
16. (a) ~m`mo[aEoŠQ>a H$m {dH$mg O¡d-àm¡Úmo{JH$s _| {H$g àH$ma ghm`H$ hþAm ?
(b) gdm©{YH$ Cn`moJ _| AmZo dmbo ~m`mo[aEoŠQ>a H$m Zm_ {bIH$a CgH$s H$m`©{d{Y H$m
dU©Z H$s{OE & 3
(a) How has the development of bioreactor helped in biotechnology ?
(b) Name the most commonly used bioreactor and describe its
working.
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17. nwZ`m}JO S>r.EZ.E. àm¡Úmo{JH$s _| {ZåZ{b{IV H$s ^y{_H$m H$s ì`m»`m àËòH$ Ho$ EH$-EH$
co
CXmhaU H$s ghm`Vm go H$s{OE : 3
.
(a) à{V~§YZ E§µOmB_
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od
(b) ßbmpµÁ_S>
Explain the roles of the following with the help of an example each in
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recombinant DNA technology :

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(a) Restriction Enzymes

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(b) Plasmids
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18. newnmbZ _| ~{h…àOZZ, ~{h…g§H$aU VWm nma-àOZZ (g§H$aU) nÕ{V`m| H$s ì`m»`m
w
H$s{OE & 3
w
w
Explain out-breeding, out-crossing and cross-breeding practices in animal

husbandry.
19. (a) O¡{dH$ {H$gmZ amoJm| Ed§ nr‹S>H$m| Ho$ {Z`§ÌU Ho$ {bE agm`Zm| H$s Anojm O¡d {Z`§ÌU
H$mo dar`Vm XoVo h¢ & Am¡{MË` {gÕ H$s{OE &
(b) O¡d {Z`§ÌH$ Ho$ ê$n _| Cn`moJ {H$E OmZo dmbo OrdmUw, H$dH$ Ed§ H$sQ> H$m EH$ -EH$
CXmhaU Xr{OE & 3
(a) Organic farmers prefer biological control of diseases and pests to
the use of chemicals for the same purpose. Justify.
(b) Give an example of a bacterium, a fungus and an insect that are
used as biocontrol agents.

57/1 6
20. (a) g_ê$n VWm g_OmV g§aMZmAm| _| {dôX H$s{OE &
(b) {ZåZ{b{IV gyMr _| go g_ê$n g§aMZmAm| H$m M`Z H$aHo$ {b{IE : 3
(i) {VVbr Ed§ n{j`m| Ho$ n§I
(ii) H$eoéH$s öX`
(iii) ~m¡JoZ{d{b`m Ed§ Hw$Hw$a{~Q>m Ho$ àVmZ
(iv) eH$aH§$X Am¡a Amby Ho$ H§$X
(a) Differentiate between analogous and homologous structures.
(b) Select and write analogous structures from the list given below :
(i) Wings of butterfly and birds
(ii) Vertebrate hearts
(iii) Tendrils of bougainvillea and cucurbita
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(iv) Tubers of sweet potato and potato
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21. (a) ‘‘Zm°d} H$s Anojm ^maV _| nm[aV§Ì {d{dYVm A{YH$ h¡ &’’ Š`m Amn Bg H$WZ go
.
ay
gh_V h¢ ? H$maU ~VmVo hþE AnZo CÎma H$s nw{ï> H$s{OE &
od
(b) AmZwd§{eH$ O¡d-{d{dYVm VWm OmVr` (ñnrerµO) O¡d-{d{dYVm _| A§Va {b{IE Omo
O¡{dH$ g§JR>Z Ho$ g^r ñVam| _| n[ab{jV hmoVo h¢ & 3
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ie
AWdm
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O~ {H$gr ZXr _| ehar dm{hV _b H$m {dgO©Z {H$`m OmVm h¡, Vmo ZXr Ho$ bjUm| na n‹S>Zo
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dmbo à^md H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 3

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(a) ‘‘India has greater ecosystem diversity than Norway.’’ Do you

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agree with the statement ? Give reasons in support of your answer.

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(b) Write the difference between genetic biodiversity and species

biodiversity that exists at all the levels of biological organisation.
OR
Explain the effect on the characteristics of a river when urban sewage is
discharged into it.
22. V§~mHy$ Ho$ nm¡Ym| _| {_ëdmS>oJmBZ BZH$moJZr{e`m Ho$ g§H«$_U Ho$ {Z`§ÌU _| EJ«mo~¡ŠQ>r[a`_ H$m
g§dmhH$ Ho$ ê$n _| Cn`moJ {H$g àH$ma ghm`H$ ahm h¡ ? ghr AZwH«$_ _| ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 3
How has the use of Agrobacterium as vectors helped in controlling
Meloidegyne incognitia infestation in tobacco plants ? Explain in correct
sequence.

57/1 7 P.T.O.
IÊS> D
SECTION D
23. dm`w-àXÿfU Ho$ H$maU Xoe Ho$ AZoH$ eham| _| dm`w H$s JwUdÎmm Ho$ {JaVo ñVa H$mo boH$a
ZmJ[aH$ ~hþV A{YH$ qM{VV h¢ Ed§ AnZo ñdmñÏ` H$mo boH$a naoemZ ^r h¢ & {OZ eham| _|
dm`w H$s JwUdÎmm AË`§V IVaZmH$ ñVa VH$ nhþ±M MwH$s h¡, CZ_| {M{H$ËgH$m| Zo ñdmñÏ`
AmnmV Kmo{fV H$a {X`m h¡ &
(a) dm`w-àXÿfU Ho$ Xmo à_wI H$maH$m| H$m C„oI H$s{OE &
(b) dm`w-àXÿfU Ho$ H$maU nmXnm| Ed§ _mZdm| na n‹S>Zo dmbo H$moB© Xmo hm{ZH$maH$ à^md
m
{b{IE &
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(c) AnZo {dÚmb` Ho$ B©H$mo-Šb~ Ho$ H¡$ßQ>Z H$s h¡{g`V go {dÚmb` Ed§ Amgnmg Ho$
.
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joÌm| _| dm`w-àXÿfU amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE {dÚm{W©`m| _| OmJê$H$Vm A{^`mZ Ho$ Am`moOZ Ho$
od
{bE {H$Ýht Xmo H$m`©H«$_m| H$m gwPmd Xr{OE & 4
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Looking at the deteriorating air quality because of air pollution in many

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.s
cities of the country, the citizens are very much worried and concerned
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about their health. The doctors have declared health emergency in the
w
cities where the air quality is very severely poor.

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(a) Mention any two major causes of air pollution.
(b) Write any two harmful effects of air pollution to plants and
humans.
(c) As a captain of your school Eco-club, suggest any two programmes

you would plan to organise in the school so as to bring awareness
among the students on how to check air pollution in and around
the school.

57/1 8
IÊS> E
SECTION E
24. (a) nwînr nmXnm| H$s {H$Ýht Xmo `w{º$`m| H$m dU©Z H$s{OE Omo ñd`w½_Z VWm na{ZfoMZ H$mo
~m{YV H$aVr h¢ &
(b) EH$ Amd¥V~rOr Ho$ ~rOmÊS> H$s {H$gr EH$ ghm` H$mo{eH$m _| namJZ{bH$m Ho$ àdoe
Ho$ Cnam§V {Û{ZfoMZ VH$ H$s n[aKQ>ZmAm| H$m dU©Z H$s{OE & 5
AWdm
(a) _mZd {ñÌ`m| _| AmV©d MH«$ H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE &
m
(b) _mZd {ñÌ`m| _| AmV©d MH«$ H$s d¡km{ZH$ g_P J^© {ZamoYH$ Cnm` Ho$ ê$n _| {H$g
co
àH$ma ghm`H$ hmo gH$Vr h¡ ? 5
.
(a) ay
Describe any two devices in a flowering plant which prevent both
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autogamy and geitonogamy.
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(b) Explain the events upto double fertilisation after the pollen tube
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enters one of the synergids in an ovule of an angiosperm.

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OR
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(a) Explain menstrual cycle in human females.

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w
(b) How can the scientific understanding of the menstrual cycle of

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human females help as a contraceptive measure ?
25. (a) Cg Ord H$m d¡km{ZH$ Zm_ {b{IE {OgH$m Cn`moJ Wm°_g h§Q> _m°J©Z Am¡a CZHo$
gm{W`m| Zo AnZo à`moJm| _| {H$`m Wm & OrZm| Ho$ g§X^© _| ghb½ZVm Am¡a nwZ`m}OZ Ho$
~rM ghg§~§Y _| CZHo$ Ûmam {H$E JE AÜ``Z H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE &
(b) _m°J©Z Ho$ gmW H$m`© H$aVo hþE ñQ>Q>ud|Q> Zo OrZ {MÌU (OrZ _¡qnJ) H$s ì`m»`m {H$g
àH$ma H$s ? 5
AWdm

57/1 9 P.T.O.
(a) \«¢${gg {H«$H$ Ûmam à{Vnm{XV ‘_yb {gÕmÝV’ (goÝQ´>b S>mo½_m) {b{IE & Š`m BgHo$
Hw$N> AndmX ^r h¢ ? H$maU ~VmVo hþE EH$ CXmhaU H$s ghm`Vm go AnZo CÎma H$s
nw{ï> H$s{OE &
(b) ‘ê$nm§Var` {gÕmÝV’ H$s O¡damgm`{ZH$ àH¥${V H$m {ZYm©aU {H$g àH$ma hþAm Omo
{J«{\$W Ho$ à`moJm| Ûmam ñnï> Zht hmo nm`m Wm ? g_PmBE & 5
(a) Write the scientific name of the organism Thomas Hunt Morgan
and his colleagues worked with for their experiments. Explain the
correlation between linkage and recombination with respect to
genes as studied by them.
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(b) How did Sturtevant explain gene mapping while working with
Morgan ?
. co
OR
ay
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(a) State the ‘Central dogma’ as proposed by Francis Crick. Are there
any exceptions to it ? Support your answer with a reason and an
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example.
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(b) Explain how the biochemical characterisation (nature) of

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‘Transforming Principle’ was determined, which was not defined

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from Griffith’s experiments.

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26. (a) {d{^Þ AO¡d H$maH$m| Ho$ à{V {d{^Þ OÝVwAm| H$s {ZåZ{b{IV AZw{H«$`mE± n[ab{jV
w
hmoVr h¢ & àËòH$ Ho$ EH$-EH$ CXmhaU H$s ghm`Vm go BZH$m dU©Z H$s{OE &
(i) {Z`_Z H$aZm
(ii) g§ê$nU aIZm
(iii) àdmg H$aZm
(iv) {Zb§{~V H$aZm
(b) 80 {VV{b`m| H$s EH$ g_{ï> _| `{X EH$ gßVmh _| 8 {VV{b`m| H$s _¥Ë`w hmo OmVr
h¡, Vmo Cg Ad{Y _| {VV{b`m| H$s g_{ï> H$s _¥Ë`w Xa H$s JUZm H$s{OE & 5
AWdm

57/1 10
(a) {H$gr nm[aV§Ì _| nmofU ñVa Š`m hmoVm h¡ ? BgHo$ g§X^© _| ‘pñWV eñ` (I‹S>r
µ\$gb)’ H$m Š`m A{^àm` h¡ ?
(b) {H$gr nm[aV§Ì _| ‘àW_ nmofH$ ñVa’ H$s ^y{_H$m H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE &
(c) EH$ àmH¥${VH$ nm[aV§Ì _| AnaX ImÚ ûm¥§Ibm, MmaU ImÚ ûm¥§Ibm go {H$g àH$ma
gå~Õ h¡ ? 5
(a) Following are the responses of different animals to various abiotic

factors. Describe each one with the help of an example.
(i) Regulate
(ii) Conform
(iii) Migrate
m
(iv) Suspend
co
(b) If 8 individuals in a population of 80 butterflies die in a week,
.
calculate the death rate of population of butterflies during that
period. ay
od
OR
st
(a) What is a trophic level in an ecosystem ? What is ‘standing crop’

ie
with reference to it ?
d
tu
(b) Explain the role of the ‘first trophic level’ in an ecosystem.

.s
(c) How is the detritus food chain connected with the grazing food
w
chain in a natural ecosystem ?

w
w

57/1 11 P.T.O.
Confidential
(For Restricted circulation)
03.04.2018
Senior School Certificate Examination

April 2018
Marking Scheme - Biology (Theory)
Expected Answers/Value Points
General Instructions :
The Marking Scheme and mechanics of marking
1 In the marking scheme the marking points are separated by commas, one oblique line
(/) indicates acceptable alternative, two obliques (//) indicate complete acceptable
alternative set of marking points.
2. Any words/phrases given within brackets do not have marks.
m
3. Allow spelling mistakes unless the misspelt word has another biological meaning. Ignore
co
plurals unless otherwise stated in the marking scheme.
4.
y.
In any question exclusively on diagram no marks on any description. But in questions on
descriptions, same value points may be marked on the diagrams as a subsitute.
da
5. All awarded marks are to be written in the left hand margin at the end of the question or
to
its part.
es
6. Place a tick () in red directly on the key/operative term or idea provided it is in correct
context. Place “Half-tick” ½ wherever there is ½ mark in the marking scheme. (Do not
di
place tick indiscriminately just to show that you have read the answer).
tu
7. If no marks are awarded to any part or question put a cross (×) at incorrect value portion
.s
and mark it zero (in words only).

w
8. Add up ticks or the half ticks for a part of the question, do the calculation if any, and write
the part total or the question total in the left hand margin.
w
w
9. Add part totals of the question and write the question total at the end. Count all the ticks
for the entire question as a recheck and draw a circle around the question total to confirm
correct addition.
10. If parts have been attempted at different places do the totalling at the end of the part
attempted last.
11. If any extra part is attempted or any question is reattempted, score out the last one and
write “extra”.
12. In questions where only a certain number of items are asked evaluate only that many
numbers in sequence as is asked ignoring all the extra ones even if otherwise correct.
13. Transcribe the marks on the cover page. Add up question totals. Recheck the script
total by adding up circled marks in the script.
14. Points/answer given in brackets in marking scheme are not so important and may be
ignored for marking.
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 3

Question Paper Code 57/1
SECTION – A
(Q. Nos. 1 - 5 are of one mark each)
1. Write the dual purpose served by Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in

polymerisation.
Ans. Acts as a substrate , provide energy (from the terminal two phosphates) = ½ + ½
[1 mark]
2. Name two diseases whose spread can be controlled by the eradication of Aedes
mosquitoes.
m
Ans. Dengue , Chikunguniya // Yellow Fever / Eastern Equine Encephalitis / West Nile Fever /
co
Zika / Zika Virus Disease (Any two) = ½ + ½
y. [1 mark]
da
3. How do cytokine barriers provide innate immunity in humans ?
to
es
Ans. Interferon (proteins) , secreted by virus infected cells (protect non - infected cells from
further viral infection) =½ + ½
di
tu
[1 mark]
.s
4. Write the names of the following :

w

w
w
Ans. (a) Dryopithecus = ½
(b) Australopithecines / Australopithecus / Homo habilis = ½
[1 mark]
5. Mention the chemical change that pro-insulin undergoes, to be able to act as mature
insulin.
Ans. Removal of C - peptide (from pro-insulin)
[1 mark]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 4

SECTION B
(Q. Nos. 2 - 10 are of two marks each)
6. Your advice is sought to improve the nitrogen content of the soil to be used for
cultivation of a non-leguminous terrestrial crop.
Ans. (a) Azospirillum / Azotobacter / Anabaena / Nostoc / Oscillatoria / Frankia (Any

two correct names of microbes) = ½ + ½
(If cyanobacteria mentioned = ½ , but if along with cyanobacteria Anabaena / Nostoc

/ Oscillatoria mentioned then No mark on cyanobacteria)
m
(b) They can fix atmospheric nitrogen , due to presence of Rhizobium / N2 fixing bacteria
co
in their root nodules = ½ + ½
y. [1 + 1 = 2 marks]
da
7. With the help of an algebraic equation, how did Hardy-Weinberg explain that in a
to
given population the frequency of occurrence of alleles of a gene is supposed to

es
remain the same through generations ?

di
Ans. In a population of diploid organisms

tu
If frequency of allele A = p and frequency of allele a = q = ½

.s
w
Expected genotype frequency under random mating are

w
w
AA = p² (for the AA homozygotes)

aa = q² (for the aa homozygotes)
Aa = 2pq (for the Aa heterozygotes) = ½
(In absence of selection , mutation , genetic drift or other forces allelic frequency p and
q are constant through generation)
Therefore p2 + 2pq +q2 = 1 =1
[2 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 5

OR
Although a prokaryotic cell has no defined nucleus , yet DNA is not scattered
throughout the cell. Explain.
DNA is negatively charged , positively charged proteins , hold it in places , in large loops
(in a region termed as nucleiod) = ½ × 4
[2 marks]
8. How did a citizen group called Friends of Arcata Marsh, Arcata, California, USA,
help to improve water quality of the marshland using Integrated Waste Water
Treatment ? Explain in four steps.
Ans.- Water is treated by conventional method // sedimentation / filtration /

chlorination
m
- Water flows to six connected marshes
co
- The water in marshes is seeded with appropriate plants / algae / fungi /
bacteria y.
da
- Which helps to neutralise the pollutants / assimilate the pollutants / absorb
to
pollutants / Remove heavy metals = ½ × 4

es
[2 marks]
di
tu
9. You have obtained a high yielding variety of tomato. Name and explain the procedure
that ensures retention of the desired characteristics repeatedly in large populations
.s
of future generations of the tomato crop.

w
w
Ans. - Tissue culture / micropropagation / somaclonal propagation / apomixis = ½

w
- Explant / any part of plant taken out and grown (in a test tube / vessel) ,
- under sterile condition ,
- in special nutrient medium (containing carbon source / sucrose , inorganic salt

vitamins / amino acids and growth regulator) = ½ × 3
[½ + 1½ = 2 marks]
10. (a) Name the source plant of heroin drug. How is it obtained from the plant ?
Ans. (a) - Papaver somniferum / Poppy plant = ½
- Extracted from latex of the plant / acetylation of morphine (obtained from the
latex of plant) = ½
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 6

(b) Depressant , slows down body function = ½ + ½
[1 + 1 = 2 marks]
SECTION C
(Q. Nos. 11 - 22 are of three marks each)
11. Draw a diagram of a mature human sperm. Label any three parts and write their
functions.
m
co
y.
da
to
es
di
tu
.s
w
w
w
(Any three labelling) = ½ × 3
Plasma membrane - Envelope of the sperm
Acrosome - Filled with enzyme that help fertilization of ovum
Mitochondria - Energy source for swimming
Middle Piece - Possess mitochondria which is the energy source for swimming
Tail - For movement of sperm

MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 7

Nucleus - Containing chromosomal material
(Functions of the parts labelled ) = ½ × 3
[1½ + 1½ = 3 marks]
12. (a) Expand VNTR and describe its role in DNA fingerprinting.
Ans. (a) VNTR - Variable Number of Tandem Repeat(s) = ½
- used as a probe (because of its high degree of polymorphism) = ½

(b) Forensic science / criminal investigation (any point related to forensic science) /
determine population and genetic diversities / paternity testing / maternity testing
/ study of evolutionary biology (Any two) = 1 + 1
m
co
[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
y.
13. Differentiate between Parthenocarpy and Parthenogenesis. Give one example of each.
da
Ans. Parthenocarpy Parthenogenesis
to
- Formation of fruit without - New organism develops without

es
fertilization = 1 fertilization = 1
di
- e.g. banana / grapes / any other - e.g. Drones /male honey bee / turkey /
tu
correct example = ½ rotifers / some lizards / any other correct

.s
example = ½
w
[1½ + 1½ = 3 marks]
w
w
14. Medically it is advised to all young mothers that breastfeeding is the best for their
newborn babies. Do you agree ? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Ans.Yes = 1 ,
provides nutrition (calcium , fats , lactose ) / provides (passive) immunity / provides

antibodies / Ig A (Any two) = 1 + 1
[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 8

15. Explain the mechanism of ‘sex determination’ in birds. How does it differ from that of
human beings ?
Ans. In birds ;
m
co
y.
da
to
Birds : female heterogamety / female produces (Z) type and (W) type of
es
gametes = ½
di
Humans : male heterogamety / male produces (X) type and (Y) type of
tu
gametes = ½
.s
[2 + 1 = 3 marks]
w
w
16. (a) How has the development of bioreactor helped in biotechnology ?

w
(b) Name the most commonly used bioreactor and describe its working.
Ans. (a) Larger biomass / large volume of culture can be processed leading to higher yields
of desired specific products (protein / enzymes) , under controlled condition = ½ +
½
(b) Stirring type = ½
- Mixing of reactor contents evenly (with agitator system or a stirrer) = ½

- Facilitates oxygen availability = ½
- Temperature / pH / foam control // under optimum conditions = ½
[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 9

17. Explain the roles of the following with the help of an example each in recombinant
DNA technology:
(b) Plasmids
Ans. (a) It recognises a specific sequence of base pairs / pallindromes, and cuts the DNA
strand at a specific site = ½ + ½
eg. EcoRI / Hind II or any other correct example = ½
(b) Act as vectors / cloning of desired alien gene / foreign gene = 1

eg. pBR322 / plasmid of Salmonella / plasmid of Agrobacterium / Ti Plasmid /
Tumour inducing Plasmid = ½
m
[1½ + 1½ = 3 marks]
co
18. Explain out-breeding, out-crossing and cross-breeding practices in animal husbandry.
Out breeding
y.
– Breeding of unrelated animals (which may be between individual of
da
same breed or between individuals of different species) = 1
Out crossing – (a kind of out breeding) Mating of animals within the same breed but
to
having no common ancestors on either side of their pedigree upto 4 –

es
6 generations = 1
di
Cross breeding – (another type of out breeding) Superior males of one breed are mated
with superior females of another breed = 1
tu
[1+1+1 = 3 marks]
.s
19. (a) Organic farmers prefer biological control of diseases and pests to the use of
w
chemicals for the same purpose. Justify.

w
w
(b) Give an example of a bacterium, a fungus and an insect that are used as
biocontrol agents.
Ans. (a) - Reduces dependence on toxic chemicals
- Protects our ecosystem or environment
- Protects and conserves non-target organisms / they are species - specific
- These chemicals being non-biodegradable may pollute the environment

permanently
- These chemicals being non-biodegradable may cause biomagnification
(Any three) = ½ × 3
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 10

(b) Bacteria – Bacillus thuringiensis = ½
Fungus – Trichoderma = ½
Insect – Ladybird / Dragonfly / Moth or any other correct example = ½
[1½+ 1½ = 3 marks]
20. (a) Differentiate between analogous and homologous structures.
m
co
Ans. (a) Analogous -

y.
Anatomically not similar though perform similar functions / are a
da
result of convergent evolution = 1
to
Homologus - Anatomically similar (but perform different functions) / are a result

of divergent evolution = 1
es
(b) Option (i) Wings of butterfly and birds / (iv) Tubers of sweet potato and potato
di
(Any one) = 1
tu
.s
[2 + 1 = 3 marks]
w
21. (a) “India has greater ecosystem diversity than Norway.” Do you agree with the
w
statement ? Give reasons in support of your answer.

w
(b) Write the difference between genetic biodiversity and species biodiversity
that exists at all the levels of biological organisation.
Ans. (a) Yes = ½
India / tropical region Norway / temperate region
- are less seasonal - more seasonal /
/ more constant / more predictable / less constant / less predictable
- promote niche specialisation - do not promote niche specialisation
leading to greater bio-diversity leading to low bio-diversity
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 11

- Species diversity increases as we - Species diversity decreases as we
move towards equator move away from equator
- More number of species exist - Less number of species exist
(Any one) = ½
(b) Genetic diversity - Diversity / variation within a species over its distributional
range / same explained with the help of a correct example = 1
Species diversity - Diversity / variation at a species level / same explained with

the help of a correct example = 1
[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
m
OR
co
Explain the effect on the characteristics of a river when urban sewage is discharged
into it.
y.
da
Ans. - Rise in organic matter , leads to increased microbial activity / growth of microbes
=½+½
to
es
- It results in decrease in dissolved oxygen / rise in BOD / rise in Biochemical Oxygen

Demand = 1
di
- Leads to fish mortality / algal bloom / colour change / foul odour / increase in
tu
toxicity (Any two) = ½ + ½

.s
w
[1 + 1 + 1 = 3 marks]
w
22. How has the use of Agrobacterium as vectors helped in controlling Meloidegyne
w
incognitia infestation in tobacco plants ? Explain in correct sequence.
Ans. - Using Agrobacterium vector nematode specific genes introduced into host plant
- Sense and antisense strands of mRNA are produced
- ds RNA is formed
- ds RNA initiates RNAi
- Prevents translation of mRNA / silencing of mRNA of parasite / nematode
- Parasite will not survive
[½ × 6 = 3 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 12

SECTION D
(Q. Nos. 23 is of four marks)
23. Looking at the deteriorating air quality because of air pollution in many cities of the
country, the citizens are very much worried and concerned about their health. The
doctors have declared health emergency in the cities where the air quality is very
severely poor.
(b) Write any two harmful effects of air pollution to plants and humans.
(c) As a captain of your school Eco-club, suggest any two programmes you would
plan to organise in the school so as to bring awareness among the students on
how to check air pollution in and around the school.
m
Ans. (a) Vehicular discharge / smoke from industries / burning of agricultural wastes / smoke
co
from incinerator / dust / smoke from thermal plants or any other correct cause
(Any two) = ½ + ½ y.
da
(b) Reduces growth of plants / reduces yields of crops / premature death of plants /
to
respiratory problems / acid rain / any other relevant point (Any two - one from
es
plant and one from human) = 1 + 1

di
(c) Plantation drive / awareness programmes through posters / nukkad natak / film show
tu
/ rallies / debates or any other (Any two) = 1 + 1

.s
[1 + 1 + 2 = 4 marks]
w
SECTION E
w
w
(Q. Nos. 24 - 26 are of five marks each)
24. (a) Describe any two devices in a flowering plant which prevent both autogamy and
geitonogamy.
(b) Explain the events upto double fertilisation after the pollen tube enters one of
the synergids in an ovule of an angiosperm.
Ans. (a) - Dioecy / production of unisexual flowers (in different plants)
- Self incompatibility = 1 + 1
(b) - Pollen tube releases 2 male gametes in the cytoplasm of synergid
- One male gamete fuses with egg cell / syngamy , resulting in diploid zygote
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 13

- Other male gamete fuses with polar nuclei / triple fusion , to form triploid
PEN (Primary Endosperm Nucleus) / PEC (Primary Endosperm Cell) = 1 × 3
[2 + 3 = 5 marks]
OR
(b) How can the scientific understanding of the menstrual cycle of human females
help as a contraceptive measure ?
Ans. (a) - Menstrual Phase - Menstrual flow occurs / due to breakdown of endometrial
lining of uterus , when fertilization does not occur
- Follicular Phase - Primary follicles grow into mature graafian follicles and
endometrium regenerates through proliferation , changes induced by pituitary
m
and ovarian hormones
co
- Ovulatory Phase - LH surge , induces rupture of graafian follicle and release
y.
of secondary oocyte / ovum during middle of cycle (i.e. 14th day)
da
- Luteal phase - Ruptured graafian follicle transforms into corpus luteum which
to
secrete large amount of progesteron , essential for maintaining

es
endometrium = 1 × 4
di
(b) Because ovulation occurs during mid cycle chances of fertilisation are very high
tu
so , couples should abstain from coitus between day 10 - 17 = ½ + ½

.s
w
w
25. (a) Write the scientific name of the organism Thomas Hunt Morgan and his
w
colleagues worked with for their experiments. Explain the correlation

between linkage and recombination with respect to genes as studied by them.
(b) How did Sturtevant explain gene mapping while working with Morgan ?
Ans. (a) Drosophila melanogaster = 1
They observed that two genes (located closely on a chromosome) did not segregate
independently of each other (F2 ratio deviated significantly from 9 : 3 : 3 : 1) = ½
Tightly linked genes tend to show fewer (lesser) recombinant frequency of parental
traits / show higher (more) frequency of parental type = ½
Loosely linked genes show higher percentage (more) of recombinant frequency of
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 14

parental traits / lower frequency percentage of parental type = ½
Genes present on same chromosome are said to be linked and the recombinant
frequency depends on their relative distance on the chromosome = ½
(b) He used the frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same
chromosome , as a measure of the distance between genes and mapped their position
on the chromosome = 1 + 1
[3 + 2 = 5 marks]
OR
(a) State the ‘Central dogma’ as proposed by Francis Crick. Are there any
m
exceptions to it ? Support your answer with a reason and an example.
co
(b) Explain how the biochemical characterisation (nature) of ‘Transforming
y.
Principle’ was determined, which was not defined from Griffith’s
experiments.
da
to
es
Ans. (a) =1
di
tu
.s
w
Yes , in some viruses flow of information is in reverse direction / reverse

w
transcription = ½ + ½
w
e.g. Any Retrovirus / HIV = ½
(b) Protein and DNA and RNA were purified from heat killed S strain / smooth
Streptococcus / Diplococcus pneumoniae = ½
Protein + Protease  transformation occured (R cell to S type) = ½
RNA + RNA ase  transformation occured (R cell to S type) = ½
DNA + DNA ase  transformation inhibited = ½
Hence DNA alone is the transforming material = ½
[ 2 + 3 = 5 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 15

26. (a) Following are the responses of different animals to various abiotic factors.
Describe each one with the help of an example.
(i) Regulate
(ii) Conform
(iii) Migrate
(iv) Suspend
(b) If 8 individuals in a population of 80 butterflies die in a week, calculate the

death rate of population of butterflies during that period.
Ans. (a) (i) Regulate - Maintain constant internal temperature / osmotic

concentration /homeostasis = ½
m
e.g. birds / mammals = ½
co
(ii) Conform - Do not maintain constant internal temperature / osmotic
y.
concentration / No homeostasis = ½
da
e.g. any one example of animal other than birds and
to
mammals = ½
es
(iii) Migrate - Temporary movement of organisms from the stressful of

di
habitats to hospitable areas and return when stressful period

is over = ½
tu
.s
e.g. birds from Siberia / or any other correct example = ½

w
(iv) Suspend - Reducing / minimising the metabolic activities during

w
unfavourable conditions = ½
w
e.g. Polar bear / amphibian / snails / fish / any other example

of animals = ½
8
(b) Death rate =  0.1 , individuals per butterfly per week = ½ + ½
80
[4 + 1 = 5 marks]
OR
(a) What is a trophic level in an ecosystem ? What is ‘standing crop’ with

reference to it ?
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 16

(c) How is the detritus food chain connected with the grazing food chain in a
natural ecosystem ?
Ans. (a) Specific place of an organism in a food chain , mass of living material (biomass) at
each trophic level at a particular time = 1 + 1
(b) First trophic level has producers / autotrophs , which trap solar energy / to produce
food (photosynthesis) = 1 + 1
(c) Organisms of the Detritus food chain (DFC) are the prey to the Grazing food chain
(GFC) organism , the dead remains of GFC are decomposed into simple inorganic
materials which are absorbed by DFC organisms = ½ + ½
[2 + 2 + 1 = 5 marks]
m
co
y.
da
to
es
di
tu
.s
w
w
w
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 17

SECTION – A
1. Mention the chemical change that proinsulin undergoes, to be able to act as mature
insulin.
[1 mark]
m
co
Ans. (a) Dryopithecus = ½ y.

da
to
es
[1 mark]
di
tu
mosquitoes.
.s
w

w
w
[1 mark]
[1 mark]

polymerisation.
[1 mark]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 18

SECTION B
[1 + 1 = 2 marks]
m
co
of future generations of the tomato crop. y.
da
to
es

di
tu

.s

w
[½ + 1½ = 2 marks]
w
w
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 19

[2 marks]
OR
m
co
[2 marks]
9. y.
How did a citizen group called Friends of Arcata Marsh, Arcata, California, USA,
da
to

es
chlorination
di
tu

.s

w
bacteria
w
w

[2 marks]

MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 20

[1 + 1 = 2 marks]
SECTION C
m
co
correct example = ½ y.
rotifers / some lizards / any other correct
da
example = ½
to
[1½ + 1½ = 3 marks]
es
di

tu
.s
Ans.Yes = 1 ,
w

w

w
[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
functions.
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 21

m
co
y.
da
to
es
di

tu

.s
w

w

w
[1½ + 1½ = 3 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 22


[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
m
biocontrol agents.
co
y.
da
to

es

di
permanently
tu

.s
w
w

w
[1½+ 1½ = 3 marks]
16. Explain the roles of the following with the help of an example each in recombi-
nant DNA technology:
(b) Plasmids
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 23


[1½ + 1½ = 3 marks]
17. Explain out-breeding, out-crossing and cross-breeding practices in animal
husbandry.
Out breeding – Breeding of unrelated animals (which may be between individual of

m
co
6 generations = 1
y.
da
[1+1+1 = 3 marks]
to
es
human beings ?
di
Ans. In birds ;
tu
.s
w
w
w
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 24

gametes = ½
gametes = ½
[2 + 1 = 3 marks]
½
m
co
y.
da
to
es
[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
di
tu
.s

w
w
w
- ds RNA is formed
[½ × 6 = 3 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 25

Ans. (a) Analogous - Anatomically not similar though perform similar functions / are a

(Any one) = 1
m
[2 + 1 = 3 marks]
co
y.
da
to

es
Ans. (a) Yes = ½

di

tu
.s

w

w
w
move towards equator move away from equator
(Any one) = ½
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 26

[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
OR
into it.
=½+½

Demand = 1
m
co
[1 + 1 + 1 = 3 marks]
y.
da
SECTION D
to

es
di
tu
severely poor .
.s
w

w
w
(Any two) = ½ + ½
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 27

[1 + 1 + 2 = 4 marks]
SECTION E
(i) Regulate
(ii) Conform
(iii) Migrate
m
(iv) Suspend
co
y.
da
to
es

di

tu
.s

w
mammals = ½
w

w

is over = ½


of animals = ½
8
80
[4 + 1 = 5 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 28

OR

reference to it ?
natural ecosystem ?
m
co
y. [2 + 2 + 1 = 5 marks]
da
to
geitonogamy.
es
di

tu

.s
w
w

w
[2 + 3 = 5 marks]
OR
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 29


m
co
y.
da
to

es
di
tu
.s
w

w

w
[3 + 2 = 5 marks]
OR
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 30

experiments.
Ans. (a) =1

m
co
y.
da
to
es

di

tu
[ 2 + 3 = 5 marks]
.s
w
w
w
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 31

SECTION – A
[1 mark]
m
polymerisation.
co
y. [1 mark]
da
to
es

di

tu
Ans. (a) Dryopithecus = ½

.s
w

w
[1 mark]
w
4. Mention the chemical change that pro-insulin undergoes, to be able to act as mature
insulin.
[1 mark]
mosquitoes.
[1 mark]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 32

SECTION B
6. How did a citizen group called Friends of Arcata Marsh, Arcata, California, USA,

chlorination

bacteria
m
co
y. [2 marks]
da
to

es
di
tu
.s

w
w

w
[1 + 1 = 2 marks]
of future generations of the tomato crop.

MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 33

[½ + 1½ = 2 marks]
[1 + 1 = 2 marks]
m
co
y.
da
to

es
di

tu

.s

w

w
w
[2 marks]
OR
[2 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 34

SECTION C
Ans. (a) Analogous - Anatomically not similar though perform similar functions / are a
m
co
y.
da
to
(Any one) = 1
es
[2 + 1 = 3 marks]
di
tu

.s
w
w

w
- ds RNA is formed
[½ × 6 = 3 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 35

Ans. (a) Yes = ½
m
co
move towards equator y. move away from equator

da
to
es
(Any one) = ½
di
tu
.s

w

w
[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
w
OR
into it.
=½+½

Demand = 1
[1 + 1 + 1 = 3 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 36

human beings ?
Ans. In birds ;
m
co
y.
da
to
es
di
gametes = ½
tu
.s
gametes = ½
w
w
[2 + 1 = 3 marks]
w
15. Explain out-breeding, out-crossing and cross-breeding practices in animal husbandry.
Out breeding – Breeding of unrelated animals (which may be between individual of

6 generations = 1
[1+1+1 = 3 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 37

biocontrol agents.

permanently
m
co
y.
da
[1½+ 1½ = 3 marks]
to

es
di
tu
.s

½
w
w

w

[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
18. Explain the roles of the following with the help of an example each in recombinant
DNA technology:
(b) Plasmids
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 38


[1½ + 1½ = 3 marks]

m
co
correct example = ½ rotifers / some lizards / any other correct
y.
example = ½
da
[1½ + 1½ = 3 marks]
to
es
di
tu
Ans.Yes = 1 ,
.s

w

w
w
[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 39

functions.
m
co
y.
da
to
es
di
tu
.s

w
w

w
[1½ + 1½ = 3 marks]
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 40


[1 + 2 = 3 marks]
SECTION D
m
co
severely poor.
y.
da
to
es
di

tu
.s
w
w
(Any two) = ½ + ½
w
[1 + 1 + 2 = 4 marks]
SECTION E
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 41


m
co
y.
da
to
[3 + 2 = 5 marks]
es
di
tu
OR
.s
w

w
w

experiments.
Ans. (a) =1

MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 42

[ 2 + 3 = 5 marks]
m
co
(i) Regulate
(ii) Conform y.
da
(iii) Migrate
to
es
(iv) Suspend
di

tu
.s

w
w

w


mammals = ½

is over = ½
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 43


of animals = ½
8
80
[4 + 1 = 5 marks]
OR

reference to it ?
m
co
natural ecosystem ?
y.
da
to

es
di
tu
.s

w
w
[2 + 2 + 1 = 5 marks]
w
geitonogamy.
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 44

[2 + 3 = 5 marks]
OR
m
co
y.
da
to

es
di
tu

.s
w
w
w
MS-18 - 57/1/2/3 45

CBSE Class 12 Biology Board Question Paper Solved 2018 Set 1 PDF

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 Please check that this question paper contains 11 printed pages.

 Please check that this question paper contains 26 questions.

 Please write down the Serial Number of the question before

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All questions are compulsory.

(ii) Section A contains questions number 1 to 5, very short-answer type

questions of 1 mark each.

(iii) Section B contains questions number 6 to 10, short-answer type I

questions of 2 marks each.

(iv) Section C contains questions number 11 to 22, short-answer type II

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1. dh Xmohao CÔoí` {b{IE {OZH$s ~hþbH$sH$aU _| ny{V© S>rAm°ŠgramB~moÝ`ypŠb`mogmBS>

Write the dual purpose served by Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in

4. {ZåZ{b{IV Ho$ Zm_ {b{IE : 1

(a) 15 {_{b`Z df© nyd© dZ_mZwf (Eon) Ho$ g_mZ àmB_oQ>

Write the names of the following :

(a) A 15 mya primate that was ape-like

(b) A 2 mya primate that lived in East African grasslands

Mention the chemical change that proinsulin undergoes, to be able to act

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Your advice is sought to improve the nitrogen content of the soil to be

\¡$bm Zht hmoVm & ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 2

With the help of an algebraic equation, how did Hardy-Weinberg explain

that in a given population the frequency of occurrence of alleles of a gene

is supposed to remain the same through generations ?

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write their functions.

A§Jw{bN>mnr) _| BgH$s ^y{_H$m H$m dU©Z H$s{OE &

(a) Expand VNTR and describe its role in DNA fingerprinting.

(b) List any two applications of DNA fingerprinting technique.

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recombinant DNA technology :

(a) Restriction Enzymes

Explain out-breeding, out-crossing and cross-breeding practices in animal

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dmbo à^md H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 3

(a) ‘‘India has greater ecosystem diversity than Norway.’’ Do you

agree with the statement ? Give reasons in support of your answer.

(b) Write the difference between genetic biodiversity and species

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Looking at the deteriorating air quality because of air pollution in many

cities where the air quality is very severely poor.

(a) Mention any two major causes of air pollution.

(c) As a captain of your school Eco-club, suggest any two programmes

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enters one of the synergids in an ovule of an angiosperm.

(a) Explain menstrual cycle in human females.

(b) How can the scientific understanding of the menstrual cycle of

human females help as a contraceptive measure ?

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(b) Explain how the biochemical characterisation (nature) of

‘Transforming Principle’ was determined, which was not defined

from Griffith’s experiments.

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(a) Following are the responses of different animals to various abiotic

(a) What is a trophic level in an ecosystem ? What is ‘standing crop’

(b) Explain the role of the ‘first trophic level’ in an ecosystem.

chain in a natural ecosystem ?

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