SNC2D Chemistry Review Name: ____________________

1. What are the rows of the periodic table called?

Rows are called periods, columns are called groups

2. What do all atoms in a group of the periodic table have in common?

They have the same electron configuration in the outter orbital, these electrons are
called the valence electrons

3. What do all atoms in a period of the periodic table have in common?

All of the elements in each period have the same number of atomic orbitals

4. How many electrons, neutrons and protons does a neutral phosphorus atom have?
15 electrons, 15 protons, 16 neutrons
-how to do this: take mass number, round it and minus the atomic number

5. What is an anion, cation, and polyatomic ion?

-Anion is an element that takes electrons in order to satisfy its valence orbit
-Cation is an ion of an element that gives electrons in order to satisfy its valence
orbit

6. How many electrons, neutrons and protons does a bromine anion have?
36 electrons, 35 protons, and 45 neutons

7. Draw a bohr diagram for the chlorine atom and chlorine ion.

*** see your notes

8. Draw an electron dot diagram for an oxygen atom and oxygen ion.

*** see your notes

9. How is the bonding in calcium oxide different from the bonding in carbon
tetrahydride?
-Calcium oxide is based on an ionic bond. An ionic bond is a chemical bond that
exists between a metal and nonmetal.
-Carbon tetraydride is based on a covalent bond. A covalent bond is a chemical bond
that exists between a nonmetal and nonmetal

10. What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
-Covalent bond exists between two nonmetals, and is based on the sharing of
electrons
-Ionic bonds exist between a nonmetal and metal and is based on the donation and
receiving of electrons.

11. What observations can you make to determine if a substance is molecular or ionic?
-One observation can be looking closely at the naming. For ionic compounds, the
number of elements in the compound does not change the name of the compound, but
for covalent/molecular compounds compounds prefixes based on the number of atoms
are added to the name
-Look to see if the compound is based on two nonmetals, or a metal and nonmetal

12. What is an electrolyte?

A liquid or gel that contains ions

13. Which types of elements combine to form molecular compounds?

-TWO NONMETALS

14. Name the following compounds.

a) MgBr2
Ionic compound: Magnesium Bromide
b) NH3
Ammonia molecular compound (polyatomic)
c) PbSO4
Lead (II) Sulfate
d) Na2CO3
Sodium Carbonate
15. Write the chemical formula for each of the following.

a) Iron(ll) nitrate
Fe(NO3)2
b) Copper(ll) hydroxide
Cu(OH)2
c) Diphosphorus pentaoxide
P205
d) Iodine hexachloride
ICl6
e) Sodium nitride
Na3N

16. Given the following word equations, write a skeleton and balanced chemical equation

a) Gaseous sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen gas to produce gaseous sulfur
trioxide.
skeleton: SO_2(g) + O 2(g) ---> SO3(g)

balanced: 2SO_2(g) + O 2(g) ---> 2SO3(g)

b) Solid aluminum chloride reacts with solid potassium to produce potassium
chloride and solid aluminum.
skeleton: AlCl3 (s) + K(s) ---> KCl + Al

balanced: AlCl3 (s) + K(s) ---> 3KCl + Al

17. Suppose that you measure the mass of a chemical in an open container, and then heat
it for a few minutes over a Bunsen burner flame. After the container and contents
have cooled, you find that the mass is larger than before. If you accept the law of
conservation of mass, how can you explain your observation?
The mass in this case for the beginning of the reaction did not count the surrounding
oxygen and gases in the air which was also an active participant in the chemical
reaction

18. Identify each as exothermic or endothermic.

a) Ice melts: Endothermic, heat is being absorbed or is needed

b) A mixture of hydrogen gas and chlorine gas will explode if it is exposed to
ultraviolet light : Exothermic, heat is being released
 c) Thermal energy + C + H2  C2H5OH: Endothermic because heat is on the
reactant side, not the product side which is the output

19. Balance each skeleton equation and identify the type of reaction in each case.

a) 2NaBr + Ca(OH)2  CaBr2 +2 NaOH

Type of reaction: Double displacement (percipitate)

b) 2NH3 + H2SO4  (NH4)2SO4

Type of reaction: Synthesis

c) 4 C5H9O + 27O2  20CO2 + 18 H2O

Type of reaction: Combustion

d) 3Pb + 2 H3PO4  3H2 + Pb3(PO4)2

Type of reaction: Single displacement

20. What is a hydrocarbon?

An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon

21. Identify the type of reaction, predict the products, and write the balanced equation.
If it is a single displacement, determine if the reaction is possible
***types of reactions in order do****
sodium chloride + potassium nitrate 

Potassium iodide + chlorine 

zinc hydroxide + sulfuric acid 

aluminum + hydrochloric acid 

lead (II) hydroxide + hydrochloric acid 

zinc + magnesium nitrate 

zinc + iron (III) sulfate 

magnesium + oxygen 

22. Draw the structure of propane.

**See your notes**

23. What is the name for C4H10

Butane

24. Explain the difference between complete combustion and incomplete combustion.
Complete combustion involves products of Carbon dioxide and water, and incomplete
combustion produces carbon monoxide water and carbon

25. What is the difference between an acid and a base?

Any element that has a pH from 0 to 7 is an acid, and any element that has a pH
from 7 to 14 is a base. Acids are recognized as compounds that when dissolved in
water give a hydrogen ions, and bases are recognized as compounds that when
dissolved in water give hydroxide ions
26. What type of compound is needed to make a base and acid in water?
Salt and water,

27. Define a salt.

Is an ionic compound that can be produced by the neutralization of an acid and base

28. What is an indicator? Give five examples of indicators and the effect that acids and
bases have on the indicator.
Indicators are substances that change color with pH:
Red litmus paper

29. What is the pH scale? What does it measure?

The pH scale is used to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution. It measures
the change in hydrogen ion concentrations

30. Write a balanced equation showing the ionization for NaOH.

NaOH + H2O ---> Na(aq) + OH (aq)

31. What is a neutralization reaction?

Neutralization reactions are reactions of acids and bases that produce salt and
water

32. Describe how each of the following factors affect the rate of reaction?

a) Concentration of chemicals

b) Surface area

c) Temperature

d) Catalyst
***Test Starts***

SNC2D Chemistry Unit Test Practice

Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following will form positive ions?
(A) the alkali metals (B) the halogens (C) the noble gases (D) all of the above

2. Which of the following compounds is an ionic compound?

(A) CO2 (B) CaO (C) CH4 (D) all of the above

3. Which of the following compounds is a molecular compound?

(A) PCl3 (B) PbCl2 (B) Pb(ClO3)2 (D) all of the above

4. The Roman numeral in the name iron (III) nitride indicates:

(A) the number of iron atoms in the compound (B) the number of nitrogen atoms in
the compound (C) the valence of the iron (D) the valence of the nitrogen

5. The bond in a molecule of Cl2 could be described as:

(A) covalent (B) ionic (C) both (A) and (B) (D) neither (A) nor (B)

6. If a strip of magnesium reacts with oxygen gas, the mass of the resulting
magnesiumoxide will be __________ the mass of the magnesium.
(A) less than (B) more than (C) the same as (D) It cannot be determined.

7. In an equation representing a chemical reaction, the reactants are always

written:
(A) to the left of the arrow (B) to the right of the arrow (C) above the arrow (D)
below the arrow

8. Which of the following is an indication a chemical reaction has occurred?

(A) the formation of a precipitate (B) a colour change (C) a temperature change (D)
all of the above

9. If AlBr3 reacts with Cl2, the products of the reaction will be:
(A) AlCl2 and Br3 (B) AlCl3 and Br2 (C) Al and Br3Cl2 (D) Al and BrCl

10. The reaction in Question 9 could be described as a ______________ reaction.

(A) decomposition (B) double displacement (C) single displacement (D) synthesis

11. The neutralization of hydrochloric acid by potassium hydroxide would be an

example of a _____________ reaction:
(A) decomposition (B) double displacement (C) single displacement (D) synthesis

12. Which of the following is a product of the reaction in Question 11?

(A) potassium chlorate (B) potassium chloride (B) potassium hydride (D) potassium
oxide

13. The pH of the products of the reaction in Question 11 will be:

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 5 (D) 7

14. The decomposition of sodium chloride will form:

(A) Na and Cl (B) Na and Cl2 (C) Na2 and Cl (D) Na2 and Cl2

15. Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

(A) the formation of ice crystals on a window (B) the electrolysis of water (C) the
rusting of an iron sheet (D) all of the above

16. When balancing a chemical equation, you can change:

(A) the subscripts that indicate the number of atoms in the molecules (B) the
coefficients that indicate the number of molecules (C) both (A) and (B) (D) neither
(A) nor (B)

17. Which of the following is a correct statement of the Law of Conservation of

Mass? In a chemical reaction:
(A) the number of atoms created must be equal to the number destroyed (B) the
number of molecules created must be equal to the number destroyed (C) atoms
cannot be created or destroyed, only rearranged (D) molecules cannot be created
or destroyed, only rearranged

18. Bases release _____________ ions in solution.

(A) hydrogen (B) hydrocarbon (C) hydroxide (D) Bases are not soluble in water.

19. Which of the following compounds is an acid when in solution?

(A) NH3 (B) NH4OH (C) HNO3 (D) Na2O

20. If an acid dissolves magnesium metal, what is the gas released?

(A) hydrogen (B) oxygen (C) carbon dioxide (D) water vapour

21. Which of the following household chemicals is an acid?

(A) bleach (B) drain cleaner (C) vinegar (D) all of the above

22. Which of the following could be used to determine whether or not a solution is
an acid?
(A) red litmus paper (B) blue litmus paper (C) both (A) and (B) (D) neither (A) nor
(B)

23. Which of the following could be used to neutralize an acidic solution?

(A) NaCl (B) NaHCO3 (C) NaOH (D) both (B) and (C)

24. A solution with a pH of 1 is:

(A) a strong acid (B) a weak acid (C) a strong base (D) a weak base

30. Rainfall is naturally:

(A) acidic (B) basic (C) neutral (D) any of the above

Chemical Names and Formulas (1 mark each):

Write the chemical name for each of the following:
CCl4 __________________________________
HNO3(aq) __________________________________
K2SO4 __________________________________
FeCl3 __________________________________
N2O __________________________________
HCl(aq) __________________________________
Li3PO4 __________________________________
PbO2 __________________________________
NaOH __________________________________
Ag2S __________________________________

Write the chemical formula for each of the following:

diphosphorus pentasulphide __________________
calcium phosphide __________________
copper (I) oxide __________________
ammonium bicarbonate __________________
hydrobromic acid __________________
nickel (II) carbonate __________________
potassium sulphate __________________
lead (II) nitrate __________________
aluminum hydroxide __________________
oxygen difluoride __________________

Chemical Equations:
Balance each of the following equations (1 mark) and identify the type of reaction

1. _____ K + _____ MgBr2 –> _____ KBr + _____ Mg

Type of reaction: ____________________________
2. _____ NaCl –> ____ Na + _____ Cl2
Type of reaction: _____________________________
3. _____ Pb(NO3)2 + _____ KCl –> _____ PbCl2 + _____ KNO3
Type of reaction: _____________________________
4. _____ P + _____ O2 –> ______ P2O5
Type of reaction: _____________________________
5. _____H2SO4(aq) + _____ Mg(OH)2 –> _____ MgSO4 + _____ H2O
Type of reaction: _____________________________

6. Write the word equations to represent the reactions in Questions 3 and 5:

Question 3:
Question 5:

Predict the products of each of the following reactions:

7. calcium bromide + barium nitrate –>
___________________________ + _____________________________
8. potassium + water ->
____________________________ + ____________________________
9. aluminum iodide + bromine –>
____________________________ + ____________________________
10. water –> _________________________ +
_____________________________

Short Answer
1. Explain how the subscripts are determined in the formula Ca3N2.

2. Explain the differences between an ionic and a covalent bond.

3. Explain why equations representing chemical reactions contain an arrow and not
an equals sign. How is the arrow read?
4. The balancing of chemical equations relates to a physical law. Identify the law
and explain how balancing relates to the law.

5. Explain how it is possible to test for the presence of lead (II) ions in a solution.

6. If phenothalein is added to a solution of calcium hydroxide, what is the resulting

colour of the solution? What does the colour indicate?

7. Explain why the alkaline earth metals are referred to as “alkaline.”

The Final Question

What was your favourite part of this unit? Explain what principle of chemistry it
illustrated.