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Welding Variables
Posted by heatsschoolofweldingtechnology

            2 Votes

In the world of welding, preparation of WPS and Qualification of Welders are very important. In the
fabrication of any coded work such as structrual steel (which is under AWS D1.1 Code), Piping (under ANSI
B31.1 or B31.3) Pipelines (under API 1104 or B31.8), Pressure Vessel (under ASME VIII Div.1), and Storage
Tanks (under API 650), by right, you cannot start any welding works unless you have an approved WPS and a
Qualified Welders.

In the preparation of WPS and Qualification of welders, there are welding variables that were stated in ASME
IX. These welding variables plays an important role in the welding works.

We call these welding variables as AN ESSENTIAL VARIABLES, SUPPLEMENTAL ESSENTIAL VARIABLES, or


NON ESSENTIAL VARIABLES. QW-250 of ASME IX refers to Procedure Qualification and QW-350 of ASME IX
refers to Welder Performance.

QW-400 of ASME IX explains the above welding variables as follows;

Essential Variable (Procedure). A change in a welding condition which will affect the mechnaical
properties (other than notch toughness) of the weldment (for example, change in P-number, welding
process, filler metal, electrode, preheat or PWHT.
Essential Variable (Performance). A change in a welding condition which will affect the ability of a
welder to deposit sound weld metal (such as a change in welding process, deletion of backing,
electrode, F-number, technique, etc.
Supplemental Essential Variable (Procedure). A change in a welding condition which will affect the
notch toughness properties of a weldment (for example, change in welding process, uphill or down
vertical welding, heat input, preheat, PWHT, etc.)
Non Essential Variable (Procedure). A change in welding condition which will not affect the
mechanical properties of a weldment (such as joint design, method of backgouging, or cleaning, etc.)
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Pingback: Welding-Technology » Welding Technology Students

Michael Hermansky on January 8, 2009 at 1:22 am

good info. thanks.

heatsschoolofweldingtechnology on January 8, 2009 at 8:53 am

HI Michael,
Thanks for visiting my blog and for your comment. I also have some stuff in the Q&A page.

Mohankrishna on March 26, 2009 at 10:39 am

Its good to see a website regarding welding. I have a problem of excessive welding spatter while
welding passenger car wheels, wherein we are facing during the usage of Ar-Co2 mix gas.

heatsschoolofweldingtechnology on March 26, 2009 at 1:24 pm


Hi Mohan, thanks for coming by, the major problem of spatter are high current and damp electrode.
rectify these two and try if you still have problem with it

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