TUTORIAL 4

THE FIRST LAW

1. A sample of 4.50 g methane occupies 12.7 dm 3 at 310 K. (a) Calculate the work done when the gas
expands isothermally against a constant external pressure of 200 Torr until its volume has increased
by 3.3 dm 3. (b) Calculate the work that would be done if the same expansion occurred reversibly.
((a) w = – 87.99 J, (b) w = – 167.44 J)

2. A sample of argon of mass 6.56 g occupies 18.5 dm 3 at 305 K. (a) Calculate the work done when the
gas expands isothermally against a constant external pressure of 7.7 kPa until its volume has
increased by 2.5 dm 3. (b) Calculate the work that would be done if the same expansion occurred
reversibly. ((a) w = – 19.25 J, (b) w = – 52.71 J)

3. A sample of 1.00 mol H2O(g) is condensed isothermally and reversibly to liquid water at 100oC. The
standard enthalpy of vaporization of water at 100oC is 40.656 kJ mol–1. Find w, q, and for this
process. (w = 3.101 kJ, q = – 40.656 kJ, U = – 37.55 kJ, H = – 40.656 kJ)

4. A sample of 2.00 mol CH 3OH(g) is condensed isothermally and reversibly to liquid at 64oC. The
standard enthalpy of vaporization of methanol at 64oC is 35.3 kJ mol–1. Find w, q, and for this
process. (w = 5.603 kJ, q = – 70.6 kJ, U = – 64.996 kJ, H = – 70.6 kJ)

5. A strip of magnesium of mass 15.0 g is dropped into a beaker of dilute hydrochloric acid. Calculate
the work done by the system as a result of the reaction. The atmospheric pressure is 1.0 atm and the
temperature 25 C. (w = – 1548.48 J)

6. A piece of zinc of mass 5.0 g is dropped into a beaker of dilute hydrochloric acid. Calculate the work
done by the system as a result of the reaction. The atmospheric pressure is 1.1 atm and the
temperature 23 C. (w = – 188.26 J)

7. The constant-pressure heat capacity of a sample of a perfect gas was found to vary with temperature
according to the expression Cp/(J K–1) = 20.17 + 0.3665(T/K). Calculate q, w U H when the
temperature is raised from 25 C to 200 C (a) at constant pressure, (b) at constant volume
((a) q = 28254.76 J, w = – 1454.95 J, U = 26799.81 J, H = 28254.76 J
q = 26799.81 J, w = 0 J, U = 26799.81 J, H = 28254.76 J)

8. The constant-pressure heat capacity of a sample of a perfect gas was found to vary with temperature
according to the expression Cp/(J K–1) = 20.17 + 0.4001(T/K). Calculate q, w U H when the
temperature is raised from 0 C to 100 C (a) at constant pressure, (b) at constant volume.
((a) q = 14940 J, w = – 831.4 J, U = 14109 J, H = 14940 J
q = 14109 J, w = 0 J, U = 14109 J, H = 14940 J)