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Aptitude Test
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1. What is mechanism?

A mechanism is an assembly of different parts which perform a complete motion and

is often part of a machine.

2. Explain the difference between pipe and a tube?

A pipe is measured based on its inner diameter (ID) whereas a tube is measured based
on the outer diameter (OD). Other than the dimensions there is no major difference
between the two.

3. What is torque?

Torque is the force that causes rotation. It is a measure of how much force is acting on
an object making it rotate.

4. Between steel, copper and brass, which conduct faster heat?

Copper conducts heat faster than steel or brass. In most cases, material that is good for
conducting heat is also good for electricity.

5. What is the difference between machine and engine?

Engine converts heat energy to Mechanical Energy but machine converts all forms of
energy to mechanical energy except heat energy.
6. What is impact load?
If the time of load application is less than one third of the lowest natural period of
vibration of the part, it is called an impact load.
7. Define machinability?
It is the property of the material, which refers to a relative ease with which a material
can be cut. It is measured in a number of ways such as comparing the tool life for
cutting different material

8. What Is Difference Between Jigs And Fixture?

Jigs and fixtures are the devices used to manufacture large amount of duplicate parts
accurately.
Jigs:- A device that does both functions such as holding the work and guiding a tool
is called Jigs. Types – Drill Jigs and Boring Jigs.
Fixtures:- It is a production tool that holds, locates and support the work securely so
that required machining operations can be performed. Types – Milling Fixture,
Profile Fixture

9. Difference Between Production And Manufacturing?

Manufacturing means a process of converting raw material into finish products by

using various processes on machine.
Production means a process of converting inputs into outputs.

10.Define Poisson’s Ratio?

The ratio of lateral strain to the linear strain is a constant for a given material, when
the material is stressed within the elastic limit. This ratio is Poisson’s ratio and it is
generally denoted by 1/m or µ.
Poisson’s ratio 1/m = µ = linear strain/ lateral strain.

11.Write the bending equation.

The bending moment equation is, M/I = f/y= E/R,

Where,

M – Bending moment (M is in N-mm)

I - Moment of inertia about centroidal axis (I is in mm)

f – Bending Stress (f is in N/mm²)

y - Distance from neutral axis (y is in mm)

E - Young’s modulus (E is in N/mm²)

R - Radius of curvature (R is in mm)

12.Write the torsion equation.
The torsional equation is, T/J = q/r = GӨ/L

Where,

T – Torsional moment (T is in N-mm)

J - Polar moment of inertia (J is in mm)

q – Shear stress in the element (q is in N/mm²)

r - Distance of element from centre of shaft (r is in mm)

G- Modulus of Rigidity (G is in N/mm²)

Ө – Angle of twist (Ө is in radians)

L – Length of the shaft (L is in mm)

13.What is a uniformly distributed load?

A UDL or uniformly distributed load is a load, which is spread over a beam in such a
way that each unit length is loaded to the same extent.

14.State Hooke’s Law?

Hooke’s law is stated as when a material is loaded within elastic limit, the stress is
proportional to the strain produced by stress, or Stress/strain=constant. This constant
is termed as modulus of elasticity.

15.Define Heat Transfer?

Heat transfer can be defined as the transmission of energy from one region to another
due to temperature difference.

16.What is an orthographic drawing?

Orthographic projections are views of a 3D object, showing 3 faces of it. The 3
drawings are aligned so that if the page were folded, it would create part of the shape.
It is also called multiview projections.
The 3 faces of an object consist of its plan view, front view and side view. There are 2
projection
17.What are the different types of fits? Explain?
On the basis of Indian standards fits can mainly be categorized into three groups:
Clearance Fit: These types of fits are characterized by the occurrence of a clearance
between the two mating parts. The difference between the minimum size of the hole
and the maximum size of the shaft is called the minimum clearance, the difference
between the maximum size of the hole and the minimum size of the shaft is known as
maximum clearance.
Interference Fit: In these types of fits the size of the mating parts are predefined so that
interference between them always occurs. The tolerance zone of the hole is completely
below the tolerance zone of the shaft.
Transition Fit: As the name suggests these type of fit has its mating parts sized limited
to allow.
18.Which Is The Hardest Material On Earth?

Diamond is currently the hardest material, made up of carbon atoms which cannot
move. Carbon is the only atom that can have four electrons in the second shell
surrounding the carbon nucleus, precisely why making a diamond the hardest
material. However, there also are claims by a few to a new rare material called
Wurtzite Boron Nitride which has a structure similar to a diamond but has some
other atoms in place of carbon.

19.What is heat treatment and why is it done?

Heat treatment can be defined as a combination of processes or operations in which

the heating and cooling of a metal or alloy is done in order to obtain desirable
characteristics without changing the compositions.

Some of the motives or purpose of heat treatment are as follows:

1. In order to improve the hardness of metals.
2. For the softening of the metal.
3. In order to improve the machinability of the metal.
4. To change the grain size.
5. To provide better resistance to heat, corrosion, wear etc.

20.Distinguish Between Creep And Fatigue?

Creep is low and progressive deformation of a material with time under a constant
stress at high-temperature applications.
Fatigue is the reduced tendency of material to offer resistance to applied stress
under repeated or fluctuating loading condition.
21.What are the different types of springs and explain them briefly?

Springs can be broadly classified into the following types:

1. Helical Springs: These springs as their name suggests are in coil form and are in the
shape of helix. The primary purpose of such springs are to handle compressive and
tensile loads. They can be further classified into two types: compression helical spring
and tension helical spring each having their own unique areas of application./
2. Conical and volute springs: Both these spring types have specialized areas of usage
where springs with adaptable rate according to the load is required. In case of conical
springs they are wound so as to have a uniform pitch while on the other hand volute
springs are wound in a slight manner of a parabloid.
3. Torsion Springs: The characteristics of such springs is that they tend to wind up by
the load. They can be either helical or spiral in shape. These types of springs are used
in circuit breaker mechanisms.
4. Leaf springs: These types of springs are comprised of metal plates of different
lengths held together with the help of bolts and clamps. Commonly seen being used as
suspensions for vehicles.
5. Disc Springs: As the name suggests such types of springs are comprised of conical
discs held together by a bolt or tube.
6. Special Purpose Springs: These springs are all together made of different materials
such as air and water.

22.What are the different types of brakes and explain them briefly?

Brakes can be classified on the basis of their medium used to brake, they are as
follows:
1. Hydraulic Brakes: These brakes as their name suggest use a fluid medium to push
or repel the brake pads for braking.
2. Electric Brakes: These brakes use electrical energy to deplete or create a braking
force.
Both the above types of breaks are used primarily for applications where a large
amount of energy is to be transformed.
3. Mechanical Brakes: They can be further classified on the basis of the direction of
their acting force: Radial Brakes: As their names suggests the force that acts on the
brakes is of radial direction. They can further be classified into internal and external
blades.

4.Axial Brakes: In these types of brakes the braking force is acting in an axial
direction as compared to radial brakes.
 23.What is a bearing? What are the different types of bearings?

Bearing is a device that helps smoother movement with minimal friction which in turn
helps enhances efficiency and speed. Considering two types of loading, radial and
thrust, there are different types of bearings which help handle these loads. The basic
difference in the types of loads is essentially due to their ability to handle weight and
different kinds of loads for various applications.

Different types of bearings are:

1. Ball bearing.
2. Roller bearing.
3. Ball Thrust bearing.
4. Roller thrust bearing.
5. Tapered roller bearing.
6. Magnetic bearings.
7. Giant Roller Bearing.