PILOT UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBIA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

FINANCIAL ENGINEERING

WORKSHOP – BERNOULLI DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

PAULA STEPHANIA CAPERA GUARÍN

ESTEBAN NICOLÁS MORENO CÉSPEDES

JUAN DAVID PARRA GONZÁLEZ

TEACHER: NELSON GIOVANI LEON LAGUNA

NOVEMBER 14 2018
 WORKSHOP – BERNOULLI DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Solve the following Bernoulli differential equations.

a)

𝑑𝑦 2 𝑥2 + 2 4
− 𝑦+ 𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 3
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑥2 + 2 4
− 𝑦=− 𝑦 ;𝑛 = 4
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 3
𝑢 = 𝑦 1−4

𝑢 = 𝑦 −3
1
𝑢=
𝑦3
1
𝑦3 =
𝑢

3 1
𝑦=√
𝑢

1
𝑦= 1
𝑢3
1
𝑦 = 𝑢− 3
𝑑𝑦 1 −4 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑢 3
𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
1 −4 𝑑𝑢 2 1 𝑥2 + 2 − 1 4
𝑢 3 − (𝑢 − 3 ) = (𝑢 3 )
3 𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 3
1 −4 𝑑𝑢 2 1 𝑥2 + 2 − 4
𝑢 3 − (𝑢− 3 ) = (𝑢 3 )
3 𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 3
4 1 4 𝑑𝑢 2 1 4 𝑥2 + 2 − 4 4
3𝑢3 ( 𝑢 −3 ) − (𝑢− 3 ) 3𝑢3 = (𝑢 3 ) 3𝑢 3
3 𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 3
𝑑𝑢 2
− 𝑢 = 𝑥2 + 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
2
𝑃(𝑥) = − 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2
𝑥
2
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ −𝑥𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑥
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 −2 ∫ 𝑥

𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 −2 ln|𝑥|
−2 |
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ln |𝑥

𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑥 −2
1 1
𝑦 2 = ∫(𝑥 2 + 2) 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑥2 + 2
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥2
1 𝑥2 2
𝑦 2 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
1 1
𝑦 2 = 𝑥−2 +𝑐
𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 2 + 𝑐 )
𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑐

b)
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑦 2 ln|𝑥| ;𝑛 = 2
𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑦 1−2

𝑢 = 𝑦 −1
1
𝑦 = 𝑢 −1 =
𝑢
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑢
=− 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢 1 1 2
𝑥 (− 2 ) + = ( ) ln|𝑥|
𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑢
𝑥 𝑑𝑢 1 ln|x|
(− ) + = 2
𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 u
𝑥 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢2 ln|x| 𝑢2
− (− ) + (− ) = (− )
𝑢2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑥 u2 𝑥
 𝑑𝑢 𝑢 ln|x|
− =−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 x
1 ln|x|
𝑃(𝑥) = − 𝑄(𝑥) = −
𝑥 x
𝑑𝑥
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 − ∫ 𝑥
−1|
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ln|𝑥
1
𝜇(𝑥) =
𝑥
1 ln|𝑥| 1
𝑦 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1 ln|𝑥|
𝑦 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
1 1
𝑦 = ∫ ln|𝑥| 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑢 = ln|𝑥| 𝑣=−
𝑥
1 1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣 =
𝑥 𝑥2
1 1 11
𝑦 = ln|𝑥| − − ∫ − 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1 1 1
𝑦 = ln|𝑥| (− ) − ∫ − 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1 1
𝑦 = (ln|𝑥| (− ) + ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 )
𝑥 𝑥
1 1 𝑥 −1
𝑦 = ln|𝑥| (− ) + +𝑐
𝑥 𝑥 −1
1 1 1
𝑦 = ln|𝑥| (− ) − + 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1 ln|𝑥| 1
𝑦 = (− − + 𝑐)
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

1 −(ln|𝑥| + 1)
𝑦 = +𝑐
𝑥 𝑥
ln|𝑥| + 1
𝑦 = 𝑥( + 𝑐)
𝑥

𝑥𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑥
𝑦= + 𝑥𝑐
𝑥
 𝑥𝑙𝑛|𝑥 𝑥
𝑦= + + 𝑥𝑐
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 = ln|𝑥| + 1 + 𝑥𝑐
c)
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 3 3
+ = 2𝑥𝑦 2 ;𝑛 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2
3
𝜇 = 𝑦 1−2
1
𝜇 = 𝑦 −2
1
𝜇=
√𝑦

2 1 2
(√𝑦) = ( )
𝜇

1 2
𝑦= ( )
𝜇

𝑦 = 𝑢 −2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= −2𝑢−3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑢
= − 3
𝑑𝑥 𝜇 𝑑𝑥
3
2 𝑑𝑢 2 1 2 1 2 2
− 3 + ( ) = 2𝑥 (( ) )
𝜇 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝜇 𝜇

𝜇3 2 𝑑𝑢 𝜇3 2 1 𝜇3 3
− (− 3 ) + (− ) ( ) ( 2 ) = − (2𝑥 ( 𝜇−2 )2 )
2 𝜇 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 𝜇 2
𝑑𝑢 𝜇
− = −𝜇3 𝑥𝜇 −3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝜇 𝜇3 𝑥
− =− 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝜇
𝑑𝑢 𝜇
− = −𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑃(𝑥) = − 𝑄(𝑥) = −𝑥
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 − ∫ 𝑥

𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 − ln|𝑥|
 1
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑥 −1 =
𝑥
𝜇 1
= ∫ (−𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝜇 𝑥
= − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝜇
= −𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥
𝜇 = 𝑥(−𝑥 + 𝑐 )

𝜇 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑐
d)
𝑑𝑦 1
+ (tan(𝑥))𝑦 = − 𝑦3 ;𝑛 = 3
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑦 1−3

𝑢 = 𝑦 −2
1
𝑢=
𝑦2

1
√𝑦 2 = √
𝑢

1
𝑦=√
𝑢
1
1 2
𝑦=( )
𝑢
1
𝑦 = 𝑢 −2
𝑑𝑦 1 3
= − 𝑢−2
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑢
= − 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝑢 2
1 𝑑𝑢 1 1 1 3
−2 −2
− 3 𝑑𝑥 + tan 𝑥 (𝑢 ) = − (𝑢 )
cos 𝑥
2𝑢 2
3 1 𝑑𝑢 3 1 1 1 3 3
−2𝑢2 (− 3) + tan 𝑥 (−2𝑢2 ) (𝑢−2 ) = − (𝑢−2 ) (−2𝑢2 )
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥
2𝑢 2
 𝑑𝑢 1 3 3
− tan 𝑥 (2𝑢) = − (𝑢−2 ) (−2𝑢2 )
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 2
− 2 tan 𝑥 𝑢 =
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥
2
𝑃(𝑥) = −2 tan 𝑥 𝑄(𝑥) =
cos 𝑥
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 −2 ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 −2 (−ln | cos 𝑥 |)

𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 2 ln|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 |
2 𝑥|
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ln | cos

𝜇(𝑥) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2
2
cos 2 𝑥 𝑢 = ∫ cos2 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥

cos2 𝑥 𝑢 = 2 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

cos2 𝑥 𝑢 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
2𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐
𝑢= 2 +
cos 𝑥 cos2 𝑥
𝑐
𝑢 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 sec 𝑥 +
cos2 𝑥

e)
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥2 𝑦 2 ;𝑛 = 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑦 1−2

𝑢 = 𝑦 −1
1
𝑦 = 𝑢 −1 =
𝑢
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑢
=− 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢 1 2
1 2
𝑥 (− 2 ) + = 𝑥 ( )
𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑢
𝑥 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑥 2
− + =
𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑢2
 𝑢2 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢2 𝑥2 𝑢2
− (− 2 ) + (− ) = 2 (− )
𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑥 𝑢 𝑥

𝑑𝑢 𝑢
− = −𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑃(𝑥) = − 𝑄(𝑥) = −𝑥
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 − ∫ 𝑥

𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 − ln 𝑥
−1|
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ln|𝑥
1
𝜇(𝑥) =
𝑥
1 1
𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥(−𝑥 + 𝑐)

𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑐