Bahir Dar University

Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion

Technology

Design of Experiment and Analytical

Techniques
Assignment One

Prepared By: Wendosen Seife

Tewodros Mihret
Kibrom G/her
1st Year MSc in Fashion Technology

Submitted To: Assoc.Proff Aweke Seyoum

Date: 30/03/2011 E.C.

 Assignment II For Design of Experiment and Analytical Analysis
Answer the following questions using SPSS software

1. The following table shows the lives in hours of four batches of electric lamps;
a) 1600 1610 1650 1680 1700 1720 1800
b) 1580 1640 1640 1700 1750
c) 1460 1550 1600 1620 1640 1660 1740 1820
d) 1510 1520 1530 1570 1600 1680

Analyze the data and give your conclusion to test the average lives between the four batches are
the same.

Solution:- The above data is taken for four batches of electric lamp. We test whether the data are
the same on average for the four batches or not. Formally, we test the null hypothesis that the
average records for the four batches are the same. Therefore A One way ANOVA is the standard
procedure for testing this null hypothesis. We use a one way anova because electric lamp lives
are recorded for four batches which the dependent variable are one and the test wants to be done
and check between these four batches of lamp.

H0: µa = µb = µc = µd, that means there is no any difference between the lives of the four batches
electric lamp a, b, c and d.

H1: µa = µb = µc ≠ µd, that means there is at least one difference between the lives of the four
batches.

Therefore to test these data we have used SPSS software and get the following tables as shown.

ANOVA
lives
Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 44360.705 3 14786.902 2.149 .123

Within Groups 151350.833 22 6879.583
Total 195711.538 25

From the above table, the data is insignificant means there is no a difference between the four
batches of electric lamp since the sig. value is .123 which is greater than 0.05 using 95%
confidence interval therefore we accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative
hypothesis.. Generally the lives of the four batches of electric lamp are statistically same or no
difference between groups.

2. The following table gives quality rating of service stations by five professional raters;

Rater 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A 99 70 90 99 65 85 75 70 85 92
B 96 65 80 95 70 88 70 51 84 91
C 95 60 48 87 48 75 71 93 80 93
D 98 65 70 95 67 82 73 94 86 80
E 97 65 62 99 60 80 76 92 90 89
Analize the data and discuss whether there is any significant difference between raters or
Between services.

Solution:- The above data is taken for quality rating of service stations by five professional
raters. We test whether the data are the same between raters or services and not same between
them . Formally, we test the null hypothesis that the quality records for the five professional
raters or services are the same. Therefore a Two way ANOVA is the standard procedure for
testing this null hypothesis. We use a two way anova because quality rating are recorded for five
professionals and ten different services means two factors.

H0: µa = µb = µc = µd = µe, that means there is no any difference between the raters of the five
professionals A, B, C D and E.

H0: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 = µ4 = µ5 = µ6 = µ7 = µ8 = µ9 = µ10 , no differenve between services

H1: µa = µb = µc = µd ≠ µe, that means there is at least one difference between the five professional
raters.

H1: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 = µ4 = µ5 = µ6 = µ7 = µ8 = µ9 ≠ µ10 , that means there is at least one difference

between services.

Therefore to test these data we have used SPSS software and get the following tables as shown.

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: quality
Source Type III Sum of df Mean Square F Sig.
Squares

Corrected Model 6976.000a 13 536.615 6.731 .000

Intercept 318402.000 1 318402.000 3993.893 .000
raters 368.000 4 92.000 1.154 .347
services 6608.000 9 734.222 9.210 .000
Error 2870.000 36 79.722
Total 328248.000 50
Corrected Total 9846.000 49

a. R Squared = .709 (Adjusted R Squared = .603)

From the above table, the raters data is insignificant means there is no quality difference between
the five professional raters since the sig. value is .347 which is greater than 0.05 using 95%
confidence interval therefore we accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative
hypothesis.. Generally the quality ratings are statistically same or no difference between five
professional raters.

Whereas for services, the data is significant means there is quality difference between the ten
services given for each raters so we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative
hypothesis. Therefore we proceed to post hock to check the difference between each services.

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: quality
Tukey HSD

(I) services (J) services Mean Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Difference (I-J) Lower Bound Upper Bound

service 2 32.00* 5.647 .000 12.98 51.02

service 3 27.00* 5.647 .001 7.98 46.02

service 4 2.00 5.647 1.000 -17.02 21.02

service 5 35.00* 5.647 .000 15.98 54.02

service 1 service 6 15.00 5.647 .230 -4.02 34.02

service 7 24.00* 5.647 .005 4.98 43.02

service 8 17.00 5.647 .113 -2.02 36.02

service 9 12.00 5.647 .523 -7.02 31.02

service 10 8.00 5.647 .914 -11.02 27.02

service 1 -32.00* 5.647 .000 -51.02 -12.98
service 2
service 3 -5.00 5.647 .996 -24.02 14.02
 service 4 -30.00* 5.647 .000 -49.02 -10.98
service 5 3.00 5.647 1.000 -16.02 22.02
service 6 -17.00 5.647 .113 -36.02 2.02
service 7 -8.00 5.647 .914 -27.02 11.02
service 8 -15.00 5.647 .230 -34.02 4.02
service 9 -20.00* 5.647 .033 -39.02 -.98
service 10 -24.00* 5.647 .005 -43.02 -4.98
service 1 -27.00* 5.647 .001 -46.02 -7.98
service 2 5.00 5.647 .996 -14.02 24.02
service 4 -25.00* 5.647 .003 -44.02 -5.98
service 5 8.00 5.647 .914 -11.02 27.02
service 3 service 6 -12.00 5.647 .523 -31.02 7.02
service 7 -3.00 5.647 1.000 -22.02 16.02
service 8 -10.00 5.647 .748 -29.02 9.02
service 9 -15.00 5.647 .230 -34.02 4.02
service 10 -19.00 5.647 .051 -38.02 .02
service 1 -2.00 5.647 1.000 -21.02 17.02
service 2 30.00* 5.647 .000 10.98 49.02
service 3 25.00* 5.647 .003 5.98 44.02
service 5 33.00* 5.647 .000 13.98 52.02
service 4 service 6 13.00 5.647 .412 -6.02 32.02
service 7 22.00* 5.647 .013 2.98 41.02
service 8 15.00 5.647 .230 -4.02 34.02
service 9 10.00 5.647 .748 -9.02 29.02
service 10 6.00 5.647 .985 -13.02 25.02
service 1 -35.00* 5.647 .000 -54.02 -15.98
service 2 -3.00 5.647 1.000 -22.02 16.02
service 3 -8.00 5.647 .914 -27.02 11.02
service 4 -33.00* 5.647 .000 -52.02 -13.98
service 5 service 6 -20.00* 5.647 .033 -39.02 -.98
service 7 -11.00 5.647 .638 -30.02 8.02
service 8 -18.00 5.647 .076 -37.02 1.02
service 9 -23.00* 5.647 .008 -42.02 -3.98
service 10 -27.00* 5.647 .001 -46.02 -7.98
service 1 -15.00 5.647 .230 -34.02 4.02
service 2 17.00 5.647 .113 -2.02 36.02
service 3 12.00 5.647 .523 -7.02 31.02
service 6
service 4 -13.00 5.647 .412 -32.02 6.02
service 5 20.00* 5.647 .033 .98 39.02
service 7 9.00 5.647 .842 -10.02 28.02
 service 8 2.00 5.647 1.000 -17.02 21.02
service 9 -3.00 5.647 1.000 -22.02 16.02
service 10 -7.00 5.647 .960 -26.02 12.02
service 1 -24.00* 5.647 .005 -43.02 -4.98
service 2 8.00 5.647 .914 -11.02 27.02
service 3 3.00 5.647 1.000 -16.02 22.02
service 4 -22.00* 5.647 .013 -41.02 -2.98
service 7 service 5 11.00 5.647 .638 -8.02 30.02
service 6 -9.00 5.647 .842 -28.02 10.02
service 8 -7.00 5.647 .960 -26.02 12.02
service 9 -12.00 5.647 .523 -31.02 7.02
service 10 -16.00 5.647 .164 -35.02 3.02
service 1 -17.00 5.647 .113 -36.02 2.02
service 2 15.00 5.647 .230 -4.02 34.02
service 3 10.00 5.647 .748 -9.02 29.02
service 4 -15.00 5.647 .230 -34.02 4.02
service 8 service 5 18.00 5.647 .076 -1.02 37.02
service 6 -2.00 5.647 1.000 -21.02 17.02
service 7 7.00 5.647 .960 -12.02 26.02
service 9 -5.00 5.647 .996 -24.02 14.02
service 10 -9.00 5.647 .842 -28.02 10.02
service 1 -12.00 5.647 .523 -31.02 7.02
service 2 20.00* 5.647 .033 .98 39.02
service 3 15.00 5.647 .230 -4.02 34.02
service 4 -10.00 5.647 .748 -29.02 9.02
service 9 service 5 23.00* 5.647 .008 3.98 42.02
service 6 3.00 5.647 1.000 -16.02 22.02
service 7 12.00 5.647 .523 -7.02 31.02
service 8 5.00 5.647 .996 -14.02 24.02
service 10 -4.00 5.647 .999 -23.02 15.02
service 1 -8.00 5.647 .914 -27.02 11.02

service 2 24.00* 5.647 .005 4.98 43.02

service 3 19.00 5.647 .051 -.02 38.02

service 4 -6.00 5.647 .985 -25.02 13.02

service 10 service 5 27.00* 5.647 .001 7.98 46.02

service 6 7.00 5.647 .960 -12.02 26.02

service 7 16.00 5.647 .164 -3.02 35.02

service 8 9.00 5.647 .842 -10.02 28.02

service 9 4.00 5.647 .999 -15.02 23.02

 Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 79.722.
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

3. The following table gives the results of an experiment for comparing 7 treatments/level in 7
blocks of 3 units each, there thus being 3 replications of each treatment. Analyse the data.

Block 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Treatment

1 50 42 91 - - - -
2 - - 118 94 94 - -
3 76 - - 64 - 80 -
4 - - 72 - - 53 31
5 44 - - - 65 - 54
6 - 102 - - 119 92 -
7 - 38 - 38 - - 37

Solution:- The above data is taken from results of an experiment. We test whether the data are
the same between treatments or blocks and not same between them. So, we test the null
hypothesis that the result recorded for the seven treatments or blocks are the same. Therefore a
Two way ANOVA is the standard procedure for testing this null hypothesis. We use randomized
block design for analysis two ways anova because results are recorded seven blocks and seven
treatments means two factors.

H0: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 = µ4 = µ5 = µ6 = µ7, that means there is no any difference between result of

experiment for treatments.

H0: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 = µ4 = µ5 = µ6 = µ7, no differenve between blocks.

H1: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 = µ4 = µ5 = µ6 ≠ µ7, that means there is at least one difference between treatments.

H1: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 = µ4 = µ5 = µ6 ≠ µ7, that means there is at least one difference between blocks.

Therefore to test these data we have used SPSS software and get the following tables as shown.

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: result

Source Type III Sum of Df Mean Square F Sig.

Squares

Corrected Model 14391.714a 12 1199.310 14.404 .000

Intercept 100672.190 1 100672.190 1209.103 .000
treatment 7665.905 6 1277.651 15.345 .001
block 2674.571 6 445.762 5.354 .017
Error 666.095 8 83.262
Total 115730.000 21
Corrected Total 15057.810 20

a. R Squared = .956 (Adjusted R Squared = .889)

From the above analysis table for both treatments and blocks services, the data is significant
means there is an experiment result difference between the seven blocks and treatments so we
reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. Therefore we proceed to post
hock to check the difference between treatments and blocks.

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: result
Tukey HSD

(I) treatment (J) treatment Mean Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Difference (I-J) Lower Bound Upper Bound

treatment 2 -41.00* 7.450 .006 -69.44 -12.56

treatment 3 -12.33 7.450 .658 -40.78 16.11

treatment 4 9.00 7.450 .873 -19.44 37.44

treatment 1
treatment 5 6.67 7.450 .963 -21.78 35.11

treatment 6 -43.33* 7.450 .005 -71.78 -14.89

treatment 7 23.33 7.450 .122 -5.11 51.78

treatment 1 41.00* 7.450 .006 12.56 69.44
*
treatment 3 28.67 7.450 .048 .22 57.11
treatment 4 50.00* 7.450 .002 21.56 78.44
treatment 2
treatment 5 47.67* 7.450 .002 19.22 76.11
treatment 6 -2.33 7.450 1.000 -30.78 26.11
treatment 7 64.33* 7.450 .000 35.89 92.78
treatment 1 12.33 7.450 .658 -16.11 40.78
treatment 2 -28.67* 7.450 .048 -57.11 -.22
treatment 3
treatment 4 21.33 7.450 .173 -7.11 49.78
treatment 5 19.00 7.450 .256 -9.44 47.44
 treatment 6 -31.00* 7.450 .032 -59.44 -2.56
treatment 7 35.67* 7.450 .015 7.22 64.11
treatment 1 -9.00 7.450 .873 -37.44 19.44
treatment 2 -50.00* 7.450 .002 -78.44 -21.56
treatment 3 -21.33 7.450 .173 -49.78 7.11
treatment 4
treatment 5 -2.33 7.450 1.000 -30.78 26.11
treatment 6 -52.33* 7.450 .001 -80.78 -23.89
treatment 7 14.33 7.450 .516 -14.11 42.78
treatment 1 -6.67 7.450 .963 -35.11 21.78
treatment 2 -47.67* 7.450 .002 -76.11 -19.22
treatment 3 -19.00 7.450 .256 -47.44 9.44
treatment 5
treatment 4 2.33 7.450 1.000 -26.11 30.78
treatment 6 -50.00* 7.450 .002 -78.44 -21.56
treatment 7 16.67 7.450 .370 -11.78 45.11
treatment 1 43.33* 7.450 .005 14.89 71.78
treatment 2 2.33 7.450 1.000 -26.11 30.78
treatment 3 31.00* 7.450 .032 2.56 59.44
treatment 6
treatment 4 52.33* 7.450 .001 23.89 80.78
treatment 5 50.00* 7.450 .002 21.56 78.44
treatment 7 66.67* 7.450 .000 38.22 95.11
treatment 1 -23.33 7.450 .122 -51.78 5.11

treatment 2 -64.33* 7.450 .000 -92.78 -35.89

treatment 3 -35.67* 7.450 .015 -64.11 -7.22

treatment 7
treatment 4 -14.33 7.450 .516 -42.78 14.11

treatment 5 -16.67 7.450 .370 -45.11 11.78

treatment 6 -66.67* 7.450 .000 -95.11 -38.22

Based on observed means.

The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 83.262.
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
 Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: result
Tukey HSD

(I) block (J) block Mean Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Difference (I-J) Lower Bound Upper Bound

block 2 -4.00 7.450 .997 -32.44 24.44

block 3 -37.00* 7.450 .012 -65.44 -8.56

block 4 -8.67 7.450 .890 -37.11 19.78

block 1
block 5 -36.00* 7.450 .014 -64.44 -7.56

block 6 -18.33 7.450 .285 -46.78 10.11

block 7 16.00 7.450 .409 -12.44 44.44

block 1 4.00 7.450 .997 -24.44 32.44
block 3 -33.00* 7.450 .023 -61.44 -4.56
block 4 -4.67 7.450 .994 -33.11 23.78
block 2
block 5 -32.00* 7.450 .027 -60.44 -3.56
block 6 -14.33 7.450 .516 -42.78 14.11
block 7 20.00 7.450 .217 -8.44 48.44
block 1 37.00* 7.450 .012 8.56 65.44
block 2 33.00* 7.450 .023 4.56 61.44
block 4 28.33 7.450 .051 -.11 56.78
block 3
block 5 1.00 7.450 1.000 -27.44 29.44
block 6 18.67 7.450 .270 -9.78 47.11
block 7 53.00* 7.450 .001 24.56 81.44
block 1 8.67 7.450 .890 -19.78 37.11
block 2 4.67 7.450 .994 -23.78 33.11
block 3 -28.33 7.450 .051 -56.78 .11
block 4
block 5 -27.33 7.450 .061 -55.78 1.11
block 6 -9.67 7.450 .836 -38.11 18.78
block 7 24.67 7.450 .097 -3.78 53.11
block 1 36.00* 7.450 .014 7.56 64.44
block 2 32.00* 7.450 .027 3.56 60.44
block 3 -1.00 7.450 1.000 -29.44 27.44
block 5
block 4 27.33 7.450 .061 -1.11 55.78
block 6 17.67 7.450 .317 -10.78 46.11
block 7 52.00* 7.450 .001 23.56 80.44
block 1 18.33 7.450 .285 -10.11 46.78
block 6 block 2 14.33 7.450 .516 -14.11 42.78
block 3 -18.67 7.450 .270 -47.11 9.78
 block 4 9.67 7.450 .836 -18.78 38.11
block 5 -17.67 7.450 .317 -46.11 10.78
block 7 34.33* 7.450 .018 5.89 62.78
block 1 -16.00 7.450 .409 -44.44 12.44

block 2 -20.00 7.450 .217 -48.44 8.44

block 3 -53.00* 7.450 .001 -81.44 -24.56

block 7
block 4 -24.67 7.450 .097 -53.11 3.78

block 5 -52.00* 7.450 .001 -80.44 -23.56

block 6 -34.33* 7.450 .018 -62.78 -5.89

Based on observed means.

The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 83.262.
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

4. The following table gives 4 different brands of cars for analysing suitable average speed and the
speeds were 25, 35, 50, 60, and 70 mph. For each car, the number of miles covered per gallon of
petrol was observed. Hence, determine whether or not the average miles covered per gallon of
petro are the same.

Brand 25 35 50 60 70
A 20.6 19.5 18.1 17.9 16.0
B 19.5 19.0 15.6 16.7 14.1
C 20.5 18.5 16.3 15.2 13.7
D 16.2 16.5 15.7 14.8 12.7

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: miles covered per gallon

Source Type III Sum of df Mean Square F Sig.

Squares

Corrected Model 90.131a 7 12.876 20.826 .000

Intercept 5681.820 1 5681.820 9190.167 .000
brand 26.354 3 8.785 14.209 .000
speed 63.777 4 15.944 25.789 .000
Error 7.419 12 .618
Total 5779.370 20
Corrected Total 97.550 19
a. R Squared = .924 (Adjusted R Squared = .880)

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: miles covered per gallon
Tukey HSD

(I) different brand of car (J) different brand of car Mean Difference Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
(I-J) Lower Bound Upper Bou

brand B 1.440 .4973 .057 -.036 2.

brand A brand C 1.580* .4973 .035 .104 3.

brand D 3.240* .4973 .000 1.764 4.

brand A -1.440 .4973 .057 -2.916 .
brand B brand C .140 .4973 .992 -1.336 1.
brand D 1.800* .4973 .016 .324 3.
brand A -1.580* .4973 .035 -3.056 -.
brand C brand B -.140 .4973 .992 -1.616 1.
brand D 1.660* .4973 .026 .184 3.
brand A -3.240* .4973 .000 -4.716 -1.

brand D brand B -1.800* .4973 .016 -3.276 -.

brand C -1.660* .4973 .026 -3.136 -.

Based on observed means.

The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .618.
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: miles covered per gallon
Tukey HSD

(I) speed of the car (J) speed of the car Mean Difference Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
(I-J) Lower Bound Upper Bound

speed 35 .825 .5560 .591 -.947 2.597

speed 50 2.775* .5560 .002 1.003 4.547

speed 25
speed 60 3.050* .5560 .001 1.278 4.822

speed 70 5.075* .5560 .000 3.303 6.847

speed 25 -.825 .5560 .591 -2.597 .947
speed 50 1.950* .5560 .029 .178 3.722
speed 35
speed 60 2.225* .5560 .012 .453 3.997
speed 70 4.250* .5560 .000 2.478 6.022
 speed 25 -2.775* .5560 .002 -4.547 -1.003
speed 35 -1.950* .5560 .029 -3.722 -.178
speed 50
speed 60 .275 .5560 .986 -1.497 2.047
speed 70 2.300* .5560 .010 .528 4.072
speed 25 -3.050* .5560 .001 -4.822 -1.278
speed 35 -2.225* .5560 .012 -3.997 -.453
speed 60
speed 50 -.275 .5560 .986 -2.047 1.497
speed 70 2.025* .5560 .023 .253 3.797
speed 25 -5.075* .5560 .000 -6.847 -3.303

speed 35 -4.250* .5560 .000 -6.022 -2.478

speed 70
speed 50 -2.300* .5560 .010 -4.072 -.528

speed 60 -2.025* .5560 .023 -3.797 -.253

Based on observed means.

The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .618.
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

5. Assume that there are two, companies producing cement for construction centre. Random
samples were taken monthly for the first ten consecutive months to compare which company
was delivering more cement for the sector. The following table contains the random samples
of cements in quintal taken at two different companies.

No Company one Company two

September 14500.00 17,000.00
October 13500.00 15,000.00
November 15000.00 16,500.00
December 17000.00 19,500.00
January 110000.00 115,600.00
February. 112000.00 115,000.00
March 110,000.00 113,000.00
April 112,500.00 120,000.00
May 115,000.00 114,000.00
June 112,000.00 116,000.00
Analyse the data and give your conclusion about the two companies.

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test t-test for Equality of Means

for Equality of
Variances
 F Sig. t df Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval of
tailed) Difference Difference the Difference

Lower Upper

Equal .031 .862 -.133 18 .895 -3010.000 22592.754 -50475.615 44455

varian .615
ces
assum
ed
production Equal -.133 17.994 .895 -3010.000 22592.754 -50476.662 44456
varian .662
ces
not
assum
ed