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1. Analisis Dupont
𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖ℎ 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑃𝑎𝑗𝑎𝑘 300,000
a. 𝑅𝑂𝐸 = = = 0.25 / 25%
𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦−𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑜 𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 (800,000+400,000)
b. 𝑅𝑂𝐼 = 𝑁𝑃𝑀 ∗ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 8%*200% = 16%
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑡 2,000,000
c. 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑟 = 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
= (800,000+400,000) = 1.67 / 167%
𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑃𝑎𝑗𝑎𝑘 300,000
d. 𝑁𝑃𝑀 = 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛
= 4,000,000 = 0.08 / 8%
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛 4,000,000
e. 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑡 = 2,000,000 = 2 / 200%
2. Analisis Ratio Profitabilitas
𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝐾𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 580,000
a. 𝐺𝑃𝑀 = 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖ℎ
= 4,000,000 = 0.15 / 15%
𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑃𝑎𝑗𝑎𝑘 300,000
b. 𝑁𝑃𝑀 = 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛
= 4,000,000 = 0.08 / 8%
𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑇 510,000
c. 𝑂𝑃𝑀 = 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛 = 4,000,000 = 0.13 / 13%
𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖ℎ 300,000
d. 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 = 2,000,000 = 0.15 / 15%
𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖ℎ 300,000
e. 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 = 1,200,000 = 0.25 / 15%
Buatlah Laporan keuangan (neraca dal L/R) PT Mitra pada tahun 2000 dengan mengacu data berikut:
Penyelesaian
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙∗50% 180,000∗50%
1. 𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡 𝑡𝑖 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ = 100
= 100
= 90,000(ℎ𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑟)
2. Total Aktiva = Modal + Hutang Lancar = 180,000 + 90,000 = 270,000 (Total Aktiva)
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛
3. 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛
1,5 = = 405,000 (𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛)
270,000
𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝐾𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
4. 𝐺𝑃𝑀 =
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖ℎ
𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝐾𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
0.3 = = 121,500 (𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝐾𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟)
405,000
HPP = Laba Kotor – Penjualan = 405,000 – 121,500 = 283,500 (HPP)
𝐸𝐴𝑇
5. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖ℎ
𝐸𝐴𝑇
0.1 = = 40,500 (𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖ℎ)
405,000
𝐻𝑃𝑃
6. 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑛
283,500
6= = 47,250(𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑛)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑛
𝑃𝑖𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔∗365
7. 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛
𝑃𝑖𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔 ∗ 365
40 = = 45,000 (𝑃𝑖𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔)
405,000
𝐴𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑟−𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑛
8. 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑 𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝑈𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑟
𝐴𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑟 − 47,250
1.2 = = 155,250 (𝐴𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑟)
90,000
9. Kas = Aktiva Lancar – Persediaan – Utang
= 155,250 – 47,250 – 45,000 = 63,000 (Kas)
10. Aktiva Tetap = Total Aktiva – Aktiva Lancar
= 270,000 – 155,250 = 114,750 (Aktiva Tetap)
Neraca PT Mitra
Tahun 2000
Aktiva Utang dan Modal
Kas 63,000 Utang Lancar 90,000
Pituang 45,000 Modal Saham 180,000
Persediaan 47,250
Aktiva Tetap 114,750
Total Aktiva 270,000 Total Utang dan Modal 270,000
Dengan menggunakan data ratio industri 19x3 berikut ini, susun laporan keuangan PT Maju Jaya
untuk tahun 19x4:
1. Debt/Equity = 1,5
2. Quick ratio = 1,25
3. Capital Structure (Hutang jangka panjang/modal) = 1:1
4. Asset Turnover = 2x
5. GPM = 0,25
6. Modal Saham = Rp 300.000
7. Laba Ditahan = Rp 100.000
Penyelesaian:
𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡
1. = = 1,5
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡
= = 1,5
300,000 + 100,000
= 1,5 (400,000) = 600,000
2. Kas dan piutang:
𝐾𝑎𝑠 + 𝑃𝑖𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔
𝑄𝑢𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = 1,25
𝑈𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑟
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝐾𝑎𝑠 + 150,000
= = 1,25
1,000,000 200,000
Sehingga kas + 150.000 = 1,25 x 200.000 = 250.000
Kas = 250.000 – 150.000 = 100.000
3. Total Aktiva = Utang + Modal
= 600,000 + 400,000 = 1,000,000
𝑈𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐽𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑎 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔
4. 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑘𝑡𝑢𝑟 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 = 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑖
=1
𝑈𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐽𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑎 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔
= 400,000
=1
Utang jangka panjang = 1 x 400.000 = 400.000
Karena total utang = 600 berarti: Utang lancar = 600.000 – 400.000 = 200.000
5. Asset turnover = 2x
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛
= =2
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛
= =2
1,000,000
Penjualan = 2 x 1.000.000 = 2.000.000
6. Collection period = 27,375 hari, berarti:
27,375 ∗ 2,000,000
𝑃𝑖𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔 = = 150,000
365
7. Harga pokok penjualan:
Karena gross profit margin = 0,25
𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝐾𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝐾𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
= = 0,25
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛 2,000,000
Sehingga laba kotor = 0,25 x 2.000.000 = 500.000
HPP = 2.000,000 – 500,000 = 1.500,000
8. Persediaan
𝐻𝑃𝑃
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = = 6𝑥
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑛
1,500,000
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑛 = = 250,000
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