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Abstract
India is an agricultural dominated country. Agriculture is a backbone of India. Nearly 65% of population is dependent on this
sector. Hence study of crops and cropping pattern play a vital role to increase the crop production. In this study an attempt will be
made to map the different cropping pattern followed in Olpad taluka of Surat, Gujarat. A multidate Landsat satellite data from
USGS will be used to generate cropping pattern and study of crop rotation during Kharif and Rabi will be carried out. To
accomplish this Arc GIS software of (ESRI) will be used. This map is validated by taking the ground truth data using GPS receiver
in the study area to improve the accuracy of the mapping. Various vegetation indices will be calculated using GIS and RS to access
the efficiency of cropping system.
Keyword- Cropping Pattern, GIS, Remote Sensing, Vegetation Indices
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I. INTRODUCTION
With the increasing population the pressure on the limited agricultural resource is ever increasing. The total population in India is
projected to be 1.62 billion by 2050. Consequently, the question before us which needs to be answered is how to use rapidly
shrinking per capita land resources in a sustainable manner. Agriculture and allied sectors contribute 13.9 per cent of Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) and play a vital role in the Indian economy where nearly 65 per cent of the rural households depend on
agriculture. Cropping pattern is a spatial phenomenon and refers to sequence and arrangements of crops in an area at a point of
space and time. The cropping patterns and intensity of a region are closely influenced by a spectrum of factors including
geoclimatic, socio-economic, historical and political factors.
Cropping pattern analysis is essential for studying the sustainability of agriculture. Remote sensing and Geographical
Information System (GIS) has become very useful tools for the management of dynamic agricultural resource. Satellite imagery
has made it possible to map croplands and identify crop types at local, regional and global level. In recent times satellite data has
proved to be a valuable source to acquire timely, cost effective and precise information (M.P.Sharma 2014) in spatial domain about
the existing cropping systems. Various authors have revealed the usefulness of satellite data for cropping pattern analysis. Analysis
of cropping pattern using field observation is very laborious so satellite imagery gives us better option for analysis of cropping
pattern. So, this study is carried out to find how effectively we can use satellite imagery for cropping pattern mapping.
A. Topography
Olpad taluka’s total area is 560 km², and the density of Olpad taluka was 360 per sq.km at the 2011 Census. Dandi is the biggest
village in the sub district with an area of 69 km2 and Bhagwa is the smallest with 1 km2. 70% of area of taluka has deep to medium
black soil. 30% area is coastal zone which has deep, fine texture, salt affected soil.
III. METHODOLOGY
Fig. 2: Satellite image of Olpad taluka 30th September and 3rd December
A. Pattern Map
Landsat data products can be used to generate crop pattern map. Band 4 (Red) and Band 5 (NIR) is used to generate NDVI image.
Software used for this is ARC GIS 10.1 (ESRI)
Following step wise methodology is adopted for generation of cropping pattern map.
VII. CONCLUSION
Each crop has its unique NDVI range so cropping pattern map is generated by NDVI map of Olpad taluka doing supervised
classification in Arc map. We can say that satellite imagery can become useful in cropping pattern mapping without doing much
field work. And this map can be useful in finding out irrigation requirement, crop yield estimation etc.
REFERENCES
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