1.

Introduction :
 It is a system to increase a vehicle driver's visibility in darkness or poor weather beyond
the reach of the vehicle's headlights.

 In this system Light waves [infrared (IR) ] are emitted by source ; a special cameras
collect small amounts reflected light and amplify it to generate display on cluster .

 These system are currently offered as optional equipment on certain premium vehicles.

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There are two types of Night vision system :
1) Active System.
2) Passive System.
Mostly Active system is used in Automobiles.

1.1Active Systems:
 It use an infrared light (Invisible to human) source built into the car to illuminate the road
ahead .
 This type enables long ranges (250m) and high
 performance in rain and snow.
 Advantages :
 Higher resolution image, superior picture of inanimate objects, works better in warmer
conditions.
 Disadvantages :
 Does not work as well in fog or rain, lower contrast for animals, Rocks / Fallen trees ,shorter
range of 150-200 meters

1.2Passive systems:
Passive systems do not use an infrared light source, instead they capture thermal radiation
already emitted by the objects, using a thermo-graphic camera .

Advantages :
 Greater range of about 300 meters, higher contrast for living objects.

Disadvantages :
 Grainy, lower resolution image, works poorly in warmer weather
conditions, require larger and costly sensor.

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2.Block Diagram of vision system :

Active Systems
2.1What does the system use?

 Dual camera.
 Amplifier.
 On board display.
 Caution ICU.
 Intelligent night vision system.
 Motion detection sensor.

2.2 Sensors Used

 Vehicle Speed Sensor.

 Daylight Sensors.
 Night Vision Sensor.
 Vehicular Output Sensors.

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3.Active system is classified into :
1. Near infrared (NIR)
2. Far infrared (FIR)

3.1 Near Infrared:

• This system uses near infrared (NIR) light waves for detection of objects
• NIR technology require IR “flood lamps” to project invisible NIR light onto the surrounding
area.
• The camera captures the reflected NIR light from the surrounding area and intensifies it to
create an enhanced (brightened) image.
• Range of less than 183 meters.

Advantage:
 Can see warmer living things just as clear as it can spot colder, dead animals or non-
living objects.

Disadvantage:
 Doesn't handle fog and dense conditions well.
Near infra red technology is used in Mercedes-Benz :

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3.2 Far Infrared (FIR):
 Far infrared (FIR) light waves are used

 This type of technology may also be referred to as thermal imaging. Because FIR light
waves are created from emitted heat rather than reflections of light .

 It uses complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based sensors on the front of the
car that pick up heat from objects and processes the thermal signature to display images on
display mounted on the dash

 It has a range of around 299 meters.

Far infrared in Operating with front mounted camera

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4.Future Scope:
Vision System + GPS Navigation = Driverless vehicle.

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Effective Vision System for Driver less car is a key parameter

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5.Block Diagram for Automated Steering:

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6.Limitations of nigh vision system:
 While that works well for deciphering between animals and people, it doesn't do much for
revealing a dead animal in the middle of the road or perhaps a large rock or a fallen tree.

 Performance is reduced in Dense ,fog Conditions

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