NUMBER SERIES

Number series problems deal with numbers. Ex 6. 1, 8, 9, 64, 25, 216, ?, ?

While attempting to solve the question, you have (A) 49, 64 (B) 343, 64
to check the pattern of the series. Series moves (C) 49, 512 (D) 343, 512
with certain mathematical operations. You have Sol. (C) Odd positioned digits are squares of 1, 3, 5
to check the pattern.
and so on, i.e. 12 = 1, 32 = 9, 52 = 25 and so on.
Type of questions asked in the examination :
(i) Find the missing term(s). Similarly, even positioned digits are cubes of 2,
(ii) Find the wrong term(s). 4, 6, etc., i.e. 23 = 8, 43 = 64, 63 = 216.
Therefore, the next term would be 72 i.e. 49 and
Number Series 83 = 512 respectively.
Ex 7. 0, 7, 26, ?, 124, 215
In this type of series, the set of given numbers in (A) 51 (B) 37
a series are related to one another in a particular
(C) 63 (D) 16
pattern or manner. The relationship between the
numbers may be Sol. (C) Each term is a cube of 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on
• Consecutive odd/even numbers, and 1 subtracted from it, i.e.
13 – 1, 23 – 1, 33 – 1, 43 – 1, 53 – 1, 63 – 1.
• Consecutive prime / composite numbers,
Therefore, the term replacing the question mark
• Squares/cubes of some numbers with/without would be 43 – 1 = 64 – 1 = 63.
variation of addition or substraction of some
number, Ex 8. 3, 4, 10, 33, 136, ?
• Sum/product/difference of preceding number(s), (A) 240 (B) 430
(C) 685 (D) 820
• Addition/subtraction/multiplication/division by
Sol. (C) The terms of the series are, previous term
some number, and
× 1 + 1, previous term × 2 + 2, previous term
• Many more combinations of the relationship × 3 + 3 and so on. Hence, the next term will be
given above. 136 × 5 + 5 = 680 + 5 = 685.
Directions : (1 to 13) Find the missing numbers :
Ex 9. 11, 15, 21, 29, ?
Ex 1. 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, ? (A) 40 (B) 41
(A) 14 (B) 19 (C) 37 (D) 39
(C) 15 (D) 21 Sol. (D) This series consists of increasing numbers.
Sol. (B) Each term has a common difference = + 2. The pattern is +4, +6, +8,........
Hence, next term = 17 + 2 = 19.
Ex 2. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ?, 17 Ex 10. 3, 6, 18, 72, 360, ?
(A) 14 (B) 13 (A) 720 (B) 1080
(C) 10 (D) 12 (C) 1600 (D) 2160
Sol. (B) The series is made up of consecutive prime Sol. (D) The sequence in the given series is
numbers. Therefore, the missing term is 13. × 2, × 3, × 4, × 5, × 6.
Ex 3. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ? Hence, the missing number is 360× 6 =2160.
(A) 35 (B) 36
Ex 11. 6, 12, 7, 11, 8, 10, 9, ?
(C) 37 (D) 49
(A) 8 (B) 9
Sol. (B) Each term is a square of 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on
12 = 1, 22 = 4, 32 = 9, 42 = 16, 52 = 25. (C) 11 (D)10
Hence, next term = 62 = 36. Sol. (B) Alternate series [Difference series]
(i) 6, 7, 8, 9
Ex 4. 2, 5, 10, 17, ?
(A) 24 (B) 25 (ii) 12, 11, 10, ?
(C) 26 (D) 27 Ex 12. 0, 5, 22, 57, 116, ?
Sol. (C) Each term is a square of 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on (A) 205 (B) 216
and 1 is added to it, i.e.
(C) 192 (D) 207
12 + 1, (2)2 +1, (3)2 +1,..........= 2, 5, 10, 17....
Hence, next term = (5)2 + 1 = 26. 0 5 22 57 116 205
Ex 5. 2, 3, 10, 15, 26, 35, ?
(A) 48 (B) 51 Sol. (A) Difference 5 17 35 59 89
(C) 49 (D) 50
Sol. (D) The series exhibits the pattern of n2 + 1, Difference 12 18 24 30
n2 – 1, alternately, n taking values 1, 2, ......
Hence, the next term = 205

PAGE # 1
Ex 13. 151, 158, 172, 182, ?
(A) 210 (B) 193
(C) 197 (D) 203
Sol. (B) 1 + 5 + 1 = 7,
The difference between 151 & 158 is seven (7)
1 + 5 + 8 = 14,
The difference between 158 & 172 is (14).
1 + 7 + 2 = 10 .......... and so on,
 Missing term = 182 + 11 = 193.
Direction : (14 to16) Find the wrong term :
14. 2, 5, 9, 11, 14
(A) 2 (B) 5
(C) 9 (D) 11
Sol. (C) Series : + 3, + 3, + 3, ..........
The next term is got by adding 3 in preceeding
term.
2 + 3 = 5, 5 + 3 = 8
 9 is wrong term.

15. 10, 100, 1100, 11000, 111000, 1210000.

(A) 1210000 (B) 11000
(C) 100 (D) 111000
Sol. (D) Given series is :

 111000 is wrong.
The correct term is 121000.

16. 2, 6, 11, 17, 23, 32, 41

(A) 6 (B) 17
(C) 23 (D) 32
Sol. (C) Given series is :

24
2, 6, 11, 17, 23, 32, 41

+4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9

EXERCISE-1

EXERCISE-2

PAGE # 2
 ALPHABET SERIES

Alphabet Series problems deals with alphabets

and Alpha-Numeric. While attempting to solve
the question, you have to check the pattern of
the series.
Type of questions asked in the examination :
(i) Find the missing term(s).
(ii) Find the wrong term(s).
Alphabet Series
In these types of questions, a series of single or
pairs of groups of letters is given. The terms of the
series form a certain pattern as regards the
position of the letters in the English alphabet.

Position of Alphabet :
(i) Alphabet in order :

(ii) Alphabet in reverse order :

Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Directions : (1 to 7) Find the missing term : Ex 7. KTE, SBM, AJU, IRC, ?
Ex 1. A, C, ?, G, I (A) OZL (B) QYZ
(A) E (B) D (C) QZL (D) QZK
(C) F (D) H Sol. (D) First letter of each group differ by 8 letters.
Sol. (A) Series consists of alternate letter in order . Second letter of each group differ by 8 letters. Third
So, the missing term would be E. letter of each group differ by 8 letters. Therefore,
the missing term would be QZK.
Ex 2. V, T, R, ?, N, ?
(A) O,M (B) P,M Directions : (8 to 9) Find the wrong term (s) :
(C) L,P (D) P,L Ex 8. DOU, EPV, FQW, GRX, HTY, ITZ
Sol. (D) Given series consists of alternate letters in (A) EPV (B) FQW
reverse order. So, the missing terms would be (C) GRX (D) HTY
P and L . Sol. (D) In every term first, second and third letter is in
Ex 3. A, C, F, ?, O alphabetical order to its next term respectively.
(A) G (B) J Fourth term is not following the same rule. Hence,
(C) H (D) K HTY is the wrong term and should be replaced by
A C F J O HSY.
Sol. (B) Hint
+2 +3 +4 +5 Ex 9. ABC, DGJ, HMR, NTA, SBK, ZKV
Ex 4. DC, DE, FE, ?, HG, HI (A) DGJ (B) HMR
(A) FE (B) FG (C) NTA (D) SBK
(C) GF (D) GH Sol. (C) First letter of first, second, third,.........terms is
Sol. (B) Hint moved three, four, five, ........steps forward
respectively. Similarly, second letter is moved five,
+2 0 +2 0 +2 six, seven,......steps forward respectively and third
DC DE FE FG HG HI letter is moved seven, eight, nine,........steps
0 +2 0 +2 0 forward respectively. Hence, NTA is the wrong term
Ex 5. CIR, GMV, KQZ, OUD, ? and should be replaced by MTA.
(A) RYH (B) SYH
Alpha-Numeric Series
(C) SZI (D) SYI
Sol. (B) There is a continuous difference of 4 letters A series in which both alphabets and number are
between the first letter of each group, second used.
letter of each group and third letter of each group.
So the missing term would be SYH. Direction : (10) Find the missing term :
Ex 6. ZSD, YTC, XUB, WVA, ? Ex 10. F3X, H7U, J15R, L31O, ?
(A) VWZ (B) UVW (A) M46L (B) N44L
(C) VXY (D) UWZ (C) N63L (D) N44M
Sol. (A) The first letter of each group is in continuation Sol. (C) The first letter of each term is moved two steps
in backward direction. The second letter of each forward and the last letter is moved three steps
group is in continuation in forward direction. The backward to obtain the corresponding letters of
third letter of each group is in continuation in the next term. The numbers form the sequence
backward direction. Therefore, the missing term 3 × 2 + 1 = 7, 7 × 2 + 1 = 15, 15 × 2 + 1 = 31, 31 ×
would be VWZ. 2 + 1 = 63. So, the missing term would be N63L.
3
PAGE # 3
Direction : (11) Find the wrong term :
Ex 11. D4V, G10T, J20R, M43P, P90N
(A) G10T (B) J20R
(C) M43P (D) P90N
Sol. (A) First letter of every term is moved three steps
forward in each next term. Second number of
every term of the pattern  × 2 + 1, × 2 + 2,× 2 +
3,............and third letter of every term is moved
two steps backward. Hence, G10T is the wrong
term and should be replaced by G9T.

EXERCISE-1


4
PAGE # 4
 LETTER REPEATING SERIES

Letter Repeating Series Direction : (7) The series given below is based on the
letter series, In the series, some letters are
These type of questions usually consists of a missing. Select the correct alternative. If more
series of small letters which follow a certain than five letters are missing, select the last five
pattern. However, some letters are missing from letters of the series.
the series. These missing letters are then given
in a proper sequence as one of the alternatives. Ex 7. x _ xxy _ x _ xy _ yxx _ _ yy _ y
(A) xyyyy (B) xxyyx
Pattern of such questions is that some letters
(C) yxxyx (D) xyxyx
in sequence are missing.
Sol. (C) The pattern of series is xy/xxyy/xxxyyy........
(i) The letters may be in cyclic order (clockwise
or anti-clockwise). Direction : (8) There is a letter series in the first row and a
(ii) To solve a problem, we have to select one of number series in the second row. Each number
the alternative from the given alternatives. The in the number series stands for a letter in the
alternative which gives a sequence form of letters letter series. Since in each of that series some
is the choice. term are missing you have to find out as to what
Directions : (1 to 6) Which sequence of letters when placed those terms are, and answer the questions
at the blanks one after the other will complete based on these as given below in the series.
the given letter series ?
Ex 8. _m i a x _ i r x a _ _ m a _ _ _ _ _ _
Ex 1. a_ab_ba_a_ab 4_ 5_ 7 3 ___ 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(A) babb (B) abba The last five term of the letter series are
(C) baba (D) aabb (A) r m x i a (B) x m r a i
Sol. (A) we proceed step by step to solve the above
(C) x r m a i (D) r m i x a
series :
Steps : Sol. (D) a = 6, i = 5, m = 3, r = 4 and x = 7 the letter
1. We have two letters a and b making the series. series runs as rmiax mirxa irmax rmixa. By taking
2. The first blank space should be filled in by 'b' the letter in the groups of five, we find that first
so that we have one a followed by one b. letter of the first group (i.e. r) is the third letter of
3. Second blank space should be filled in by 'a' the second group and the last two letters have
so that the same pattern followed till end. interchanged their positions. The same rule
Ex 2. a _ cab _ a _ c _ b c applies in others groups also.
(A) bbac (B) abab
(C) abba (D) bcba
EXERCISE

Sol. (D)

Series is abc/ abc/ abc/ abc. So, pattern abc is

repeated.
Ex 3. _ abb _ a _ baa _ b
(A) baba (B) abba
(C) aabb (D) aaab
Sol- (C) Series is aabb/ aabb/ aabb. So, pattern aabb
is repeated.
Ex 4. ba _ cb _ b _ bab _
(A) acbb (B) bcaa
(C) cabb (D) bacc
Sol. (D) The series is b a b c/b a b c/b a b c
So, pattern babc is repeated
Ex 5. ab _ aa _ caab _ c _ abb _ c
(A) bbcaa (B) bcbca
(C) cabac (D) cbbac
Sol- (D) Series is abc / aabc / aabbc / aabbcc
Ex 6. bc _ b _ c _ b _ ccb
(A) cbcb (B) bbcb
(C) cbbc (D) bcbc
Sol- (A) Series is bccb / bccb / bccb. So, pattern bccb
is repeated

PAGE # 5
 MISSING TERM IN FIGURE

Missing Term in Figure

B C ?
Ex 4.
O Q S
In such type of questions, a figure, a set of figures,
M N R
an arrangement or a matrix is given each of which
bears certain characters, be it numbers, letters or
(A) A (B) D
a group or combination of letters or numbers,
(C) G (D) P
following a certain pattern.
Sol. (A) In each column, the sum of top & bottom letter
Directions : (1 to 10) Find the missing term/number(s) : is equal to the order of the middle letter in that
column.

Ex 5.
Ex 1.

(A) 10 (B) 9
(C) 8 (D) 6
Sol. (B) In the first set, 2 × 2 = 4,
(A) 125 (B) 25 In the second set, 3 × 9 = 27
(C) 625 (D) 156
 2 × x = 18, x = 9
Sol. (C) Clearly (1 + 3)2 = 16
(15 + 6)2 = (21)2 = 441
(10 + 5)2 = (15)2 = 225 6 2 5
 missing number in figure] 8
6 8 6 2 ?
(12 + 13)2 = (25)2 = 625. Ex 6. 72 6 140
4 3 1 3 4 7
12 4 10

(A) 16 (B) 14
Ex 2.
(C) 20 (D) 22
Sol. (B) In the first diagram, (3 × 4 × 6) = 72 and the
number on the sides twice as the number on the
opposite vertex. 3 × 2 = 6, 6 × 2 = 12, 4 × 2 = 8
(A) 64 (B) 36 In the second diagram, (1 × 2 × 3) = 6 and the
(C) 34 (D) 60 number on the sides twice as the number on the
Sol. (A) Moving clockwise, in every quarter region, value opposite vertex. 3 × 2 = 6, 2 × 2 = 4, 1 × 2 = 2
of numbers gets doubled.  In the Third diagram, (7 × 4 × 5) = 140 and the
2 × 2 = 4, 8 × 2 = 16, 16 × 2 = 32, 32 × 2 = 64, number on the sides twice as the number on the
128 × 2 = 256. opposite vertex. 7 × 2 = 14, 5 × 2 = 10, 4 × 2 = 8.

Ex 3.
2 1 1
14 16 6 12 14 5 11 ? 4
Ex 7.
2 3 10

(A) 120 (B) 100 (A) 0 (B) 5

(C) 125 (D) 64 (C) 10 (D) 15
Sol. (C) In the first column, 72 + 22 = 53 Sol. (B) In first figure, (14 + 6) – 2 × 2 = 16
In the second column, 92 + 32 = 90 In second figure, (12 + 5) – 3 × 1 = 14
So, missing number, 112 + 22 = 125.  In third figure, (11 + 4) – 10 × 1 = 5

6
PAGE # 6
 Ex 10. Which one number can be placed at the sign of
1 4 6 interrogation ?
9 5 5 3 8 3
Ex 8. 551 246 ? 93 27 79 38 67 16
3 4 7 9 2 1 63 37
6 8 4 42

(A) 262 (B) 622 3 4 ?

(C) 631 (D) 631
Sol. (B) In first figure, (915 – 364) = 551. (A) 5 (B) 6
In second figure, (789 – 543) = 246. (C) 8 (D) 9
 In third figure, missing number Sol. (D) In first figure, 27 + 63 + 3 = 93
= (863 – 241) = 622. In second figure, 38 + 37 + 3 = 79
So, In third figure, 16 + 42 + x = 67, x = 9

5 18 7
Ex 9. 6 93 15 4 50 1 9 ? 5
3 8 6

(A) 5 (B) 19
(C) 27 (D) 89
Sol. (D) In first figure, (6 × 3) + (5 × 15) = 18 + 75 = 93.
In second figure, (4 × 8) + (18 + 1) = 32 + 18 = 50.
 In third figure, missing number
= (9 × 6) + (7 × 5) = 54 + 35 = 89.



7
PAGE # 7
 A L P H A B E T- T ES T

Alphabetical Order Ex 5. In the word PARADISE how many pairs of letters

are there which have as many letters between
You have to arrange the given words in order in them in the word as in the alphabet ?
which they are arranged in a dictionary. In a (A) None (B) One
dictionary the words are placed in alphabetical (C) Two (D) Three
order w.r.t. the second alphabet of the words and Sol. (D) Letter in the given word : Letter in the alphabet
so on (that is, third alphabet, fourth alphabet....). (i) P A R PQR
(ii) A R A D ABCD
Directions : (1 to 2) Arrange the given words in the correct (iii) A D I S E ABCDE
alphabetical order.
Ex 6. Number of letters skipped in between adjacent
Ex 1. Late, Long, Liver, Last, Load, Luminous, Loan, letters in the series are increased by one. Which
Lock. of the following alternatives observes this rule ?
Sol. The given words can be arranged in the (A) KMPTY (B) IJKOT
alphabetical order as : (C) HJMQT (D) DFIJK
Last, Late, Liver, Load, Loan, Lock, Long, Sol. (A) K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y
Luminous. 1 2 3 4
Clearly, in letter series KMPTY, the number of
Ex 2. Arrange the given words in alphabetical order and letters skipped in between adjacent letters in the
tick the one that comes last. series are increased by one.
Heavy, Heredity, Hesitate, Hedge, Hero, Haste,
History, Hinderance Alphabetical Quibble
Sol. The given words can be arranged in the
In this type of questions, generally a letter-series
alphabetical order as :
is given, be it the English alphabets from A to Z or
Haste, Heavy, Hedge, Heredity, Hero, Hesitate, Z to A. The candidate is then required to trace the
Hinderance, History letters satisfying certain given conditions as
Clearly, History comes last. regards their position in the given sequence or
the sequence obtained by performing certain
Ex 3. Arrange the given words in the order they occur in
given operations on the given sequence.
dictionary.
1.SIGN 2.SOLID 3.SCENE 4.SIMPLE Ex 7. If the alphabet series is written in a reverse order,
(A) 3, 1, 2, 4 (B) 3, 1, 4, 2 which of the following will be the seventh letter to
(C) 3, 4, 1, 2 (D) 3, 4, 2, 1 the left of eighth letter from your right ?
Sol. (B) The correct alphabetical order of the given (A) L (B) M
words is : SCENE, SIGN, SIMPLE, SOLID. Thus, (C) O (D) P
Sol. (C) The new alphabet series is :
the correct sequence is 3, 1, 4, 2.
Z Y X W V U TS R Q P O N MLK J I H G F E D C BA
Letter-Word Problems The eight letter from the right is H.
The seventh letter to the left of H is O.
Ex 4. How many pairs of letter in the word DABBLE have
Ex 8. If the first four letters of the word
as many letters between them as in the Alphabet
‘ANTHROPOMORPHISM’ are rewritten in the
series ?
reverse order followed by the next four rewritten in
(A) Nil (B) One
the reverse order followed by the next four letters
(D) Two (D) More than three in the reverse order and so on, which letter will be
Sol. (D) Letters in the given Word : Letters in the Alphabet twelfth from the left end in the rewritten order ?
AB A B (A) O (B) H
DAB D C B (C) M (D) P
B B L E B C D E Sol. (C) The new arrangement is as follows:
A B B L E A B C D E HTNAOPORPROMMSIH.

PAGE # 8
 Word Formation by Unscrambling Letters
Word Formation using Letters of a given Word
In this type of questions, a set of English letters is
given in a jumbled order. The candidate is required Ex 10. A meaningful word starting with A is made from
to arrange these letters to form a meaningful word. the first, the second, the fourth, the fifth and the
Ex 9. Arrange the following group of letters such that sixth letters of the word CONTRACT, which of the
when arranged in a specific order, meaningful following is the middle letter of the word ?
word is formed. (A) C (B) T
V A H Y E (C) O (D) R
1 2 3 4 5 Sol. (B) The first, the second, the fourth, the fifth and
(A) 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 (B) 3, 2, 5, 1, 4 sixth letters of the word CONTRACT are C, O, T, R
(C) 3, 5, 2, 1, 4 (D) 1, 5, 2, 3, 4 and A respectively. The meaningful word will be
Sol. (C) The given letter, when arranged in the order ACTOR and T will be the required letter.
3, 5, 2, 1, 4. form the word HEAVY. Direction : (11) In the following question, find which one
word can not be made from the letters of the given
word.

Ex 11. TEMPERAMENT
(A) METER (B) PETER
(C) TENTER (D) TESTER
Sol. The word TEMPERAMENT contains all the letters
of the word TESTER except S. So, the word
TESTER cannot be formed.

EXERCISE


PAGE # 9
 CODING-DECODING

Coding-Decoding Similarly,

C A S T L E D C V X Q K
A code is “a system of signals”. Coding is, +1
therefore, a method of transmitting a message +2
+3
between sender and receiver which cannot be +4
understood or comprehended by a third person. +5
The coding decoding test is set up to judge the +6
candidate’s ability to decipher a particular word/
message and break the code to decipher the Ex 3. If PAINTER is written in a code language as
message. In coding, actual alphabets/words/ NCGPRGP, then REASON would be written as :
terms/numbers are replaced by certain other (A) PCYQMN (B) PGYQMN
alphabets/words/terms/symbols etc. according to (C) PGYUMP (D) PGYUPM
a specific rule. To solve these type of questions
we have to detect the rule and then answer the Sol. (C) P A I N T E R N C G P R G P
questions. –2
+2
Decoding : It is a method to find the meaning of –2
something that has written in code. +2
–2
+2
Letter-Letter Coding –2

In these type of questions, the letters in a word Similarly,

are replaced by certain other letters according to
R E A S O N P G Y U M P
a specific rule to form its code. The candidate is –2
required to detect the coding pattern / rule and +2
answer the questions accordingly. –2
+2
–2
Ex 1. If in any code language, KUMAR is coded as +2
LVNBS, How is EMOTIONAL coded in that
language.
Ex 4. If in any code language NATIONAL is written as
(A) FNQUJQBM (B) FNPUJPOBM
MZGRLMZO than how is JAIPUR written in that
(C) GNPUJPOBM (D) GNQUJQOBM
language.
(A) QZRKFI (B) PZRKFI
(C) QZRIFK (D) QARKFI
Sol. (B)
N A T I O N A L M Z G R L M Z O
14+13=27
Sol. (A) 1+26 = 27
20+7 = 27
9 +18 = 27
15 +12 = 27
Similarly, 14 +13 = 27
1 +26 = 27
12 +15 = 27
E M O T I O N A L F N P U J P O B M
+1 Similarly,
+1
+1 J A I P U R Q Z R K F I
+1
+1 10+17 = 27
+1 1+26 = 27
+1 9+18 = 27
+1 16 +11 = 27
+1 21 +6 = 27
18 +9 = 27

Ex 2. If JAPAN is coded as KCSES, then the code for

CASTLE will be - Letter-Number Coding
(A) DCIJOB (B) DCJKRD
(C) DCKMSG (D) DCVXQK In these types of questions, either numerical code
values are assigned to a word or alphabetical
J A PA N K C S E S code letters are assigned to the numbers.
+1
+2 Ex 5. In a certain code, if TREE is coded as 7100, FROG
Sol. (D) +3 as 2159, how is FREE coded in that code ?
+4 (A) 2100 (B) 3100
+5 (C) 1003 (D) 1002
Sol. (A) T R E E FROG
71 00 21 5 9
Hence, F R E E  2 1 0 0
10
PAGE # 10
Ex 6. In a certain code, C is coded as 0, E as 7, T as 4,
Puzzle Based Coding
I as 9, P as 1, R as 3, and U as 5. How is 1904537
coded in that code ?
In this type of questions, some messages are
(A) PICTRUE (B) PICTURE given in the coded language and the code for a
(C) RICTPUE (D) PCTUREI particular word or message is asked. To analyses
Sol. (B) 1 9 0 4 5 3 7 such codes, any two messages bearing a
 common word are picked up. The common code
P I C T U R E word will thus represent that word. Proceeding
similarly by picking up all possible combinations
Ex 7. If OX is coded as 39, what will be the code number of two, the entire message can be decoded and
for LION ? the order for individual words found.
(A) 20 (B) 25 Ex 11. In a certain code language 389 means run very
(C) 38 (D) 50 fast. 964 means come back fast and 487 means
Sol. (D) By their natural position in alphabet, run and come. Which digit in the language means
come ?
O  15, X  24
(A) 7 (B) 9
So, OX = (15 + 24) = 39 (C) 4 (D) 8
Hence, L I O N = (12 + 9 + 15 + 14) = 50 Sol. (C) In the second and third sentences, common
number is 4 and common code is ‘come’. Hence,
Ex 8. If AJAY is written as 1117, then in same code
number 4 stands for ‘come’.
NAMA would be written as: -
(A) 5114 (B) 5411 Ex 12. In a certain code language, ken poti means good
(C) 5141 (D) 4511 morning, hu shang means come on, and hu ken
sue means come for good. Which word in that
A J A Y 1 1 1 7 language does mean for ?
1 10 1 25 (A) shang (B) ken
Sol. (C) 1 (C) sue (D) hu
1+0
1 Sol. (C) In the second and third statements, the
2+5 common code word is ‘come’ and the common
word is ‘hu’. So, ‘come’ means ‘hu’. In the first
and third statements, the common code word is
N A M A 5 1 4 1
14 1 13 1 ‘good’ and the common word is ‘ken’. So, ‘good’
1+4
means ‘ken’. Thus, in third and above statements
Hence 1 ‘for’ means ‘sue’.
1+3
1
Column Coding

Substitution Coding Ex 13. Decode the underlined letters in column I from

the same row of choices provided under column
II. Each small letter in column II stands for some
In these types of questions, some particular capital letter in column I. However, the small letters
objects are assigned code names. Then a in column II are not arranged in the same order
question is asked that is to be answered in the as their corresponding letters in column I. The
code language. code is the same for all the terms in column I.
Column  Column 
Ex 9. If paper is called eraser, eraser is called bag, 1. H N T B Z v b h n t
bag is called scale, scale is called pencil and 2. C T N Z B t h n w v
pencil is called paper, what will a person write 3. D N B Z C x h v t w
with ? 4. O H N T Z t b h i n
5. T Z O B K n i v e t
(A) Pencil (B) Paper
Sol. From terms 1 & 2, in column (I), NTBZ is common.
(C) Eraser (D) Bag From col. (II) we have vhnt common. Hence H=b
Sol. (B) A person will write with a pencil and a ‘pencil’ & C = w. From term-3, NBZC have already occurred
is called ‘paper’. and the code for D must be a letter which did not
appear in the earlier codes. Thus, the codes for D
Ex 10. If water is called food, food is called tree, tree is is x. From term-4 HNTZ have occured earlier. The
called sky, sky is called wall, on which of the letter which has not occured earlier is the code for
following does a fruit grow ? O, that is, i. From term-5 TZOB have occured earlier.
(A) Water (B) Food The letter which has not occured earlier is the
(C) Tree (D) Sky code for K, that is e. The code of underlined letters
are given in the following table
Sol. (D) Clearly, a fruit grows on a ‘tree’. As given that
‘tree’ is called ‘sky’, a fruit grows on ‘sky’. Letter H C D O K
Code b w x i e

11
PAGE # 11
 M ATH EM AT I C A L O PE R ATI O N S

Mathematical Operations (A) 20 (B) 52

(C) 12 (D) None of these
This section deals with questions on simple Sol. (A) Using the correct symbols,
mathematical operation. There are four fundamental 16 + 64 ÷ 4 – 4 × 3 = 16 + 16 – 12 = 20
operations, namely : Addition i.e. + ; Subtraction i.e. – ; Ex 4. If L denotes x, M denotes  , P denotes + and
Multiplication i.e., x; and Division i.e., .
Q denotes –, then 8 P 36 M 6 Q 6 M 2 L 3 = ?
There are also statements such as Less than
i.e, < ;greater than i.e, > ; equal to i.e, = ; and not 13 1
(A) (B) –
equal to i.e,  etc. 6 6
Such operations are represented by symbols
1
different from the usual ones. The candidate has (C) 14 (D) 5
to make a substitution of real signs and solve the 2
equation accordingly. Sol. (D) Using the correct symbols,
W hile attempting to solve a mathematical Given expression
expression, proceed according to the rule = 8 + 36  6 – 6  2 × 3
BODMAS – that is, Brackets, Of, Division, = 8 + 6 – 3 ×3 = 5
Multiplication, Addition & Subtraction.We can
Ex 5. It being given that : > denotes +, < denotes –,
perform addition or subtraction in any order.
+ denotes  , – denotes =, = denotes ‘less than’
and × denotes ‘greater than’, find which of the
following is a correct statement.
Ex 1. What is the value of (48 – 12)  4 + 6  2 × 3 = ? (A) 3 + 2 > 4 = 9 + 3 < 1
(A) 10 (B) 0.6 (B) 3 > 2 > 4 = 18 + 3 < 2
(C) 2 (D) 18 (C) 3 > 2 < 4 × 8 + 4 < 2
Sol. (D) given expression (D) 3 + 2 < 4 × 9 + 3 < 3
= (48 – 12)  4 + 6  2 × 3 Sol. (C) Using proper notations, we have :
= 36  4 + 6  2 × 3 (Solving Bracket) (A) given statement is 3  2 + 4 < 9  3 – 1 or
=9+3×3 (Solving Division) 11
=9+9 (Solving Multiplication) < 2, which is not true.
2
= 18 (Solving Addition)
(B) given statement is 3 + 2 + 4 < 18  3 – 2 or
Ex 2. What is the value of 116 + 92 ÷ 46 – 28 ÷ 7 = ? 9 < 4, which is not true.
(A) 120 (B) 116 (C) given statement is 3 + 2 – 4 > 8  4 – 2 or
(C) 112 (D) 114 1 > 0, which is true.
Sol. (D) Given expression (D) given statement is 3  2 – 4 > 9  3 – 3 or
92 28 5
= 116 + – (Solving Division) – > 0, which is not true.
46 7 2
= 116 + 2 – 4 (Solving Addition)
= 114 Interchange of signs and numbers
Problems - Solving by Substitution
Ex 6. Find out to sign to be interchanged for making the
In these type of questions, you are provided with given equation correct
substitutes for various mathematical symbols or 10 + 10  10 – 10 ×10 = 10
numerals followed by a questions involving (A) + and – (B) + and ×
calculations of an expression or choosing the (C)  and × (D) + and 
correct / incorrect equations. The candidate is Sol. (B) By making the interchanges given in (A), the
required to put in the real signs or numerals in equation as 10 – 10  10 + 10 × 10 = 10
the given equation and then solve the questions or 109 = 10 which is false
as required. By making the interchanges given in (B), the
equation as 10×10  10 – 10 + 10 =10 or 10=10
Ex 3. If ‘+’ means ‘×’, ‘–’ means ‘÷’, ‘÷’ means ‘+’ and
which is true
‘×’ means ‘–’, then what will be the value of
By making the interchanges given in (C), the
16 ÷ 64 – 4 × 4 + 3 = ?
equation as 10 + 10 × 10 – 10 ÷ 10 = 10

PAGE # 12
 or 109 = 10 which is false Ex 10. What is the value of A if each letter represents a
By making the interchanges given in (D), the different digit ?
equation as 10 ÷ 10 + 10 – 10 × 10 = 10
or – 89 = 10 which is false

Ex 7. Which one of the four interchanges in signs and (A) 3 (B) 4

numbers would make the given equation correct ? (C) 5 (D) 7
3+5–2=4 Sol. (B) In the following question the value of A and B
(A) + and – , 2 and 3 (B) + and – , 2 and 5 are 4 and 5 respectively.
(C) + and – , 3 and 5 (D) None of these 435
Sol. (C) By making the interchange given in (A), we get 5
the equation as 2 – 5 + 3 = 4 or 0 = 4, which is 2175
false.
By making the interchange given in (B), we get the Ex 11. If 4 , 2 @ 3 = 6, 18 , 6 @ 4 = 12, then what will be
equation as 3 – 2 + 5 = 4 or 6 = 4, which is false.
the value to 24 , 3 @ 7 ?
By making the interchange given in (C), we get
the equation as 5 – 3 + 2 = 4 or 4 = 4, which is true. (A) 21 (B) 27
(C) 72 (D) 56
Deriving the appropriate conclusions
Sol. (D) Here sing , implies square and sing @
In these type of questions, certain relations implies multiplication 4 ÷ 2 × 3 = 6, 18 ÷ 6 × 4 = 12.
between different sets of elements is given Therefore, 24 ÷ 3 × 7 = 56.
(in terms of ‘less than’, ‘greater than’ or ‘equal to’)
using either the real symbols or substituted
symbols. To analyses the given statements and
then decide which of the relations given as
alternatives follows from those given in the
statements.
Directions : (8 to 9) In the following questions :
 means ‘is equal to’
means ‘is not equal to’
+ means ‘is greater than’
– means ‘is less than’
× means ‘is not greater than’
÷ means ‘is not less than’
Now select the correct alternative in each of the
following questions :
Ex 8. a – b – c implies –
(A) a – b + c (B) b + a – c
(C) c × b + a (D) b + a ÷ c
Sol. (B) With the notations given,
we have : a – b – c means a < b < c
From option (A), a – b + c means a < b > c, this is
not true. From option (B), b + a – c means b > a <c,
this is true. From option (C), c × b + a means
c < b > a, this is not true. From option (D), b + a ÷c
means b > a > c, this is not true.
Ex 9. a + b + c does not imply –
(A) b – a + c (B) c – b – a
(C) c – a + b (D) b – a – c
Sol. (D) With the notations given,
we have : a + b + c means a > b > c
From option (A), b – a + c means b < a > c, this is
true.
From option (B), c – b – a means c < b < a, this is
true.
From option (C), c – a + b means c < a > b, this is
true.
From option (D), b – a – c means b < a < c, this is
not true.

PAGE # 13
 D I R EC TI O N S EN SE T ES T

There are four directions such as North, South, Ex 3. The time on the watch is quarter to three. If the
East and West. The word NEWS came from North, minute-hand points to North-East, in which
East, West and South. There are four regions : direction does the hour hand point ?
(i) North-East ; (ii) North-West ;(iii) South-East ; (A) South-West (B) South-East
(iv) South-West. (C) North-West (D) North-East
NORTH Sol. (A) The required position of
E S
S clock as shown in figure. 12
II I P
Clearly, if minute hand
O points towards North-East 9 3
WEST

EAST

then hour hand will point 6

III IV towards South-West. N W
Q R Ex 4. If I stands in up side down position with my face
SOUTH pointing Northwards, in what direction will my
The directions OP, OS, OQ and OR are : right-hand point ?
North-East direction ; North-West direction ; (A) East (B) West
South-West direction ; and South-East direction (C) North (D) South
respectively. Sol. (B) When I stand on my head with my face pointing
Northwards. Clearly, my left hand will point towards
NOTE : The candidate must distinguish between the
East and my right hand will point towards West.
regions and directions, i.e., between North-East
region and North-East direction. If you move with Ex 5. From his house, Rajan went 25 km to the North.
your face Eastwards, your left hand is towards Then he turned West and covered 20 km. Then
North and your right hand is towards South. he turned South and covered 15 km. Finally,
Similarly the positions of the directions of the turning to East, he covered 20 km. In which
hands can be fixed when you move in any of the direction was he from his house ?
other three directions. (A) East (B) West
Ex 1. Mohan travels 7 km Eastwards, then he turns right (C) North (D) South
and travels 3 km and further turns right again and Sol. (C) The movements of
travels 11 km. How far is he from the starting point ? Rajan are as shown in fig.
(A) 5 (B) 14 (A to B, B to C, C to D and D
(C) 21 (D) 23 to E) Clearly, his final
Sol. (A) The movement of Mohan from A to D as shown position is E which is to the
in figure. Now, North of his house at A.
DE = (CD – CE) = (CD – AB) = (11 – 7) = 4 km Ex 6. Raj walked 20 metre towards South. Then he
Required distance = AD = 2
DE  AE 2 turned to his left and walked 25 metre. He then
turned to his left and walked 20 metre. He again
= DE 2  BC 2 = ( 4 )2  (3) 2 = 5 km turned to his right and walked 10 metre. At what
distance is he from the starting point and in which
A 7 km B direction ?
(A) 35 metre, East (B) 35 metre, North
3 km 3 km (C) 40 metre, East (D) 60 metre, East
E Sol. (A) the movements of Raj are as shown in figure
D 4km 7 km C  Raj's distance from the starting point A
11 km = AE = (AD + DE) = (BC + DE) = (25 + 10) m = 35 m.
So, E is to the East of A.
Ex 2. A man walks 9 km due East and then 12 km due
10 m
South. How far is he from the starting point ? A
(A) 15 km (B) 6 km D E
(C) 7 km (D) None of these 20 m 20 m
Sol. (A) The movement of man from A to C as shown in
figure. Clearly, required distance B C
25 m
9 km
AC = AB 2  BC 2 A B Ex 7. If South-East becomes North, North-East
becomes W est and so on, what will South
= 9 2  12 2 = 15 km 12 km
become ?
(A) North-East (B) South - West
C (C) South (D) North - West

14
PAGE # 14
Sol. (A) The initial and the final position of the Ex 11. I run along the sides of a square field ABCD where
directions as shown in the figure. Clearly, as C is to the North-East of A and D is to the
observed in the figure, South will become South-East of B. Starting from A in anti-clockwise
North-East. direction, in which direction shall I be running after
N SW crossing C ?
NW NE S W (A) East (B) West
(C) North (D) South
W E SE NW
Sol. (B) The required position of the square field ABCD
as shown in the figure. Starting from A in the
SW SE E N
S NE anti-clockwise direction. I will move from A to D,
Initial position Final position D to C, C to B and B to A. Clearly, I will be running
in the West direction after crossing C.
Ex 8. A man is facing North-West. He turns 90º in the
North
clockwise direction and then 135º in the
B C
anti-clockwise direction. Which direction is he
facing now ?
West East
(A) East (B) West
(C) North (D) South
A D
Sol. (B) As shown in the Fig. the man faces in the South
direction OA. After moving 90º clockwise, the man
Ex 12. A and B start walking in opposite directions.
faces in the direction OB. On moving to 135º
A walked 5 km, B walked 6 km. Thereafter both
anti-clockwise, he faces in the direction OC, which
turned to their right and walked 2 km. They turned
is West.
A to right again and walked 3 km, again turned to
B
right and walked 2 km. How much distance apart
135º are they from each other ?
90º (A) 2 km (B) 13 km
O (C) 3 km (D) 5 km
C
Sol. (D) A and B he facing North and South direction
Ex 9. A man is facing North-West. He turns 90º in the respectively at initial position O. The movement of
clockwise direction, then 180º in the anti-clockwise
A from O to W (O to X, X to Y, Y to Z and Z to W) and
direction and then another 90º in the same
the movement of B from O to R (O to P, P to Q,
direction. Which direction is he facing now ?
Q to S, S to R) as shown in figure. Clearly, required
(A) South (B) South-West
(C) West (D) South-East distance = RW
Sol. (D) As shown in fig. the man initially faces in the = RO + OW = (OP – PR) + (OX – XW)
direction OA. On moving 90º clockwise, he faces = (6 – 3) + (5 – 3) = 3 + 2 = 5 km.
in the direction OB. On further moving 180º 2 km
anti-clockwise, he faces in the direction OC. Finally X Y
on moving 90º anti-clockwise, he faces in the 3 km
direction OD, which is South-East.
5 km
W Z
2 km
O
2 km
S R
6 km
3 km

Q P
Ex 10. While facing East you turn to your left and walk 2 km
10 m then turn to your left and walk 10 m, and now
you turn 45º towards your right and go straight to
cover 25 m. Now, in which direction are you from
your starting point ?
(A) North-East (B) South-West
(C) South-East (D) North-West

Sol. (D) The movement from D 2

5
A to D as shown in the m
figure. Clearly, the final 45º 10 m
B
position i.e. D is to C
10 m
North-West of A.
A

15
PAGE # 15
 SE AT I N G A R R A N G EM EN T

Seating Arrangements Circular Seating Arrangements

In these type of questions, some clues regarding 5. Five persons were playing cards game sitting in
seating or placing sequence (linear or circular or a circle all facing the centre. Mukund was to the
rectangular) of some persons or items is given. immediate left of Rajesh, Vijay was to the right of
The candidate is required to form the proper Anil and between Anil and Nagesh. Who was to
sequence using these clues and answer the given the immediate right of Nagesh ?
questions accordingly. (A) Vijay (B) Rajesh
(C) Anil (D) Mukund
Linear Seating Arrangements Mukand

Nag
esh
Ex. 1 Who among P, Q, R, S and T is in the exactly middle

Raj

esh
while standing in a line ?
Sol. (D)
(i) Q is to the immediate right of T.
An
(ii) S is exactly between P and T. il ay
Vij
(iii) Q is exactly between T and R.
(A) P (B) Q Directions : (6 to 8) Read the following information and
(C) R (D) T answer the questions that follow :
Sol. (D) On the basis of information, we have the (i) Six friends A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting in a
arrangement of the persons in a line as under:- closed circle facing the centre.
(ii) E is to the immediate left of D.
P S T Q R (iii) C is exactly between A and B.
Directions : (2 to 4) Study the given information and answer (iv) F is between E and A.
the question that following.
6. Who is to the immediate left of B ?
Five persons are standing in a queue. One of the
(A) A (B) C
two persons at the extreme ends is a Professor
(C) D (D) E
and the other is a Businessman. An Advocate is
standing to the right of a student. A Author is to the 7. Who is to the immediate right of C ?
immediate left of the Businessman. The Student (A) A (B) B
is between the Professor and the Advocate. (C) D (D) E
Ex. 2 Counting from the left the Author is at which 8. W hich of the above given statements is
place ? superfluous ?
(A) First (B) Second (A) (i) (B) (ii)
(C) Third (D) Fourth (C) (iii) (D) All are required.
Ex. 3 Which of the following is in the exactly middle of Sol. : (6 to 8) Clearly, in the circle the arrangement is as
the queue ? shown :
(A) Professor (B) Advocate
6. (C) Clearly, D is to the immediate left of B.
(C) Student (D) Businessman
7. (A) Clearly, A is to the immediate right of C.
Ex. 4 If Advocate and the Businessman exchange their
positions, also the Author and the Student, then 8. (D) Since all the statements are necessary to
who will be standing to the left of the student ? determine the arrangement, none of them is
(A) Author (B) Businessman superfluous.
(C) Professor (D) Advocate
D
Sol. : (2 to 4) On the basis of the information given in the B E
question, we have the arrangement of standing
order of persons as per figure.
C F
A

2. (D) Author is fourth from the left.

3. (B) Advocate is in the middle of queue.
4. (B) Businessman will be to the left of Student if
Advocate and Businessman, Author and Student
exchange their positions.

16
PAGE # 16
 R A N K I N G & O R D ER I N G - T ES T
Number Quibble
In these type of questions, generally a set, group or
series of numerals is given and the candidate is
required to find out how many times a number
satisfying the conditions, specified in the question
occurs.
Ex 1. How many 5's are there in the following sequence
which are immediately followed by 3 but not
immediately preceded by 7 ?
8953253855687 335775365335738
(A) One (B) Two
(C) Three (D) Four
Sol. (C) 8 9 5 3 2 5 3 8 5 5 6 8 7 3 3 5 7 7 5 3 6 5 3 3 5 7 3 8
Clearly, there are three such numbers.
Ex 2. In the following number series how many 8’s are
there which are exactly divisible by the numbers which
are preceded and followed by it ?
824517284842282698454832843183
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4
Sol. (D) As per the question
824517284842282698454832843183
Thus, four such numbers are there
Alphabetical Quibble
In these type of questions, generally a letter-series is
given, be it the English alphabets from A to Z or a
randomised sequence of letters. The candidate is then
required to trace the letters satisfying certain given
conditions as regards their position in the given
sequence or the sequence obtained by performing
certain given operations on the given sequence.
Ex 3. How many W's are there in the following series which
are immediately followed by W but not immediately
preceded by K ?
DW W DHK VDW ZDW W W DDW K W W DKK DHC
(A) One (B) Two
(C) Three (D) None
Sol. (C) Clearly, W’s satisfying the given conditions can be
marked as under
DWWDHKVDWZDWWWDDWKWWDKKDHC
Ex 4. How many L’s are there which do not have R preceding
them and also do not have T following them ?
Z Q S T LR M N Q N R T U V X R LTAS LT Q R S LT
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 5
Sol. (A) Z Q S T L R M N Q N R T U V X R L TA S L T Q R S L T
Alpha-Numeric Quibble
In these type of questions a jumped sequence of some
letters, numbers and symbols is given and the
candidate is required to find out how many times a
number or a letter or a symbol satisfying the conditions,
specified in the question occurs.
Directions : (5 to 6) Study the following arrangement of
symbols, letters and numbers to answer the questions
given below it :
 = F 2  K S 7 5 # $ P L V 8 @ M U E 6 Q G  9 3 & T Y 
Ex 5. How many such letters are there in the arrangement
each of which is either immediately preceded by a
symbol or immediately followed by a number, but not
both ?
(A) Three (B) Four
(C) Five (D) None of these
Sol. (D) The letters satisfying the given conditions are
shown as under :
 = F 2  K S 7 5 # $ P L V 8 @ M U E 6 Q G  9 3 & T Y 
Clearly, there are 8 such letters.
Ex 6. How many such consonants are there in the above
arrangement each of which is immediately followed
by a consonant but not immediately preceded by a
symbol ?
(A) Nil (B) One
(C) Two (D) Three
Sol. (B) We know that of the 26 letters of English alphabet,
five letters namely A, E, I, O, U are vowels, while
remaining are consonants. The consonants satisfying
the given conditions may be shown as under :
 = F 2  K S 7 5 # $ P L V 8 @ M U E 6 Q G  9 3 &
T Y Clearly, there is only one such consonant.
Ranking Test
In these type of questions, generally the ranks of a
person both from the top and from the bottom are
mentioned and the total number of persons is asked.
However, sometimes this question is put in the form
of a puzzle of interchanging seats by two persons.
Useful Tips
1. Position of person from upward
= [Total number of persons - position of person from
down] + 1
2. Position of person from downward
= [Total number of persons - position of person from
up] + 1
17
PAGE # 17
3. Position of person from right Ex 10. A is richer than B.
= [Total number of persons - position of person from C is richer than A.
left] +1 D is richer than C.
E is the richest of all.
4. Position of person from left If they are made to sit in the above degree of richness
= [Total number of persons - position of person from who will be in the middle position (central position) ?
right] + 1 (A) A (B) B
(C) C (D) D
5. Total number of persons
Sol. (C) According to the given statement
= [Position of person from upward/right + position of
person from downward / left] – 1

Ex 7. In a row of girls, Mridula is 18th from the right and C is in the middle position.
Sanjana is 18th from the left. If both of them Ex 11. Ashok is older than Suresh, Vivek is not youngest.
exchange their position, Sanjana becomes 25th from Raju is older than Ashok and Vivek is not older than
the left, how many girls are there in the row ? Suresh. Which one of the following statements must
necessarily be true ?
(A) 40 (B) 41
I. Vivek is as old as Ashok
(C) 42 (D) 35
II. Vivek is as old as Raju
Sol. (C) Sanjana’s new position is 25th from left. But it is
III. Vivek is as old as Suresh
the some as Mridula’s earlier position which is 18th
IV. Suresh is younger than Vivek
from the right. (A) Only I (B) Only II
Then the total number of girls are = (rank from left + (C) Only III (D) Either III or IV
rank from right) – 1 Sol. (C) According to the given statement
= (18 + 25) – 1= 43 – 1 = 42. V = S <A< R
Ex 8. Anil and Sunil are ranked seventh and eleventh Directions : (12 to 13) Read following information carefully
respectively from the top in a class of 31 students. and answer the questions given below it :
What will be their respective ranks from the bottom in (i) P, Q, R, S and T are five friends.
the class ? (ii) Q is elder to T.
(A) 20th and 24 th (B) 24th and 20th (iii) R is younger to P .
(C) 25th and 21st (D) 26th and 22nd (iv) P is younger to T.
(v) S is elder to P .
Sol. (C) Number of students behind Anil in rank
= (31 – 7) = 24 Ex 12. Who among the following is the eldest ?
th
So, Anil is 25 from the bottom. (A) P (B) Q
Number of students behind Sunil in rank (C) S (D) Data inadequate
= (31 – 11) = 20 Ex 13. Who among the following is the youngerst ?
So, Sunil is 21st from the bottom. (A) P (B) R
(C) T (D) Data inadequate
Ordering Test Sol. : (12 to 13) Thus, sequence of their age becomes
Q >T > S > P > R or Q >S > T > P > R
In such type of questions, clues are given regarding or S >Q > T > P > R
comparisons among a set of persons or things with
12. (D) According to a given statement there are three
respect to their qualities. The candidate is required to
sequences, as follows :
analyses the whole information, form a proper
Q >T > S > P > R or Q >S > T > P > R
ascending/descending sequence and then answer
or S >Q > T > P > R
the given questions accordingly.
Hence the answer is data inadequate
Ex 9. A is shorter than B but much taller than E. C is the 13. (B) Clearly, R is the youngerst.
tallest and D is shorter than A and taller than E. Which
one is the shortest ?
(A) A (B) E
(C) B (D) D
Sol. (B) According to the given statement
E < D <A< B < C

18
PAGE # 18
 B LO O D - R E L AT I O N S

Blood Relations
Problems on Blood Relations involve analysis of information showing blood relationship among members of
a family. In the questions, a chain of relationship is given in the form of information and on the basis of these
information relation between any two members of the chain is asked. Students are supposed to be familiar with
the knowledge of different relationship in a family.

Grandfather's son Father or uncle

Remark : A relation on the mother’s side is called ‘maternal’
while that on the father’s side is called ‘paternal’.
Grandmother's son Father or uncle
Thus, mother’s brother is ‘maternal uncle’ while
Grandfather's only son Father father’s brother is ‘paternal uncle’.
Grandmother's only son Father Note : To build a family tree, certain standard notations
Mother's or Father's mother Grandmother are used to indicate a relationship between the
Mother's or Father's father Grandfather members of the family.
Grandfather's only daughter-in-law Mother
‘+’ stand for male person.
‘–’ stand for female person.
Grandmother's only daughter-in-law Mother
‘+/–’ male or female person.
Mother's or Father's son Brother
‘ ’ stand for married couple.
Mother's or Father's daughter Sister
+/ –
Mother's or Father's brother Uncle B

Mother's or Father's sister Aunt

+/–
A is Son or Daughter of B.
Husband's or wife's sister Sister-in-law A
Husband's or wife's brother Brother-in-law +/ –
+ B
Son's wife Daughter-in-law
Daughter's husband Son-in-law
+/– B is uncle or aunt of A.
Brother's son or Sister's son Nephew A
Brother's daughter or Sister's daughter Niece
Uncle or Aunt's son or daughter Cousin
Sister's husband Brother-in-law
Brother's wife Sister-in-law

Tree Diagram of Blood Relation Asuming Your Self as Male

19
PAGE # 19
 Tree Diagram of Blood Relation Asuming Your Self as Female

Direct-Relationship Relation Puzzle

In these type of questions, around about In these type of questions, mutual blood relations
description is given in the form of certain small of more than two persons are mentioned. The
candidate is required to analysis the given
relationship and you required to analyses the
information, work out a family chart and then
whole chain of relations and decipher the direct
answer the given questions.
relationship between the persons concerned.
Ex 3. Rohit and Rohan are brothers. Soniya and Sunita
Ex 1. Pointing towards a man in the photograph, Archana are sisters. Rohit’s son is Sunita’s brother. How
said, “He is the son of the only son of my is Rohan related to Soniya.
grandmother”. How is that man related to Archana (A) Father (B) Brother
? (C) Grand Father (D) Uncle
(A) Cousin (B) Nephew Sol. (D) Rohit’s son is Sunita’s brother means Rohit
(C) Brother (D) Son is Sunita’s father. Rohit and Rohan are brothers.
Sol. (C) Only son of Archana’s grandfather means Sunita and Soniya are sisters. So, Rohan is the
uncle of Soniya.
Archana’s father & his son is Archana’s brother.
Directions : (4 to 6) P,Q,R,S,T,U,V & W are the family
Ex 2. Pointing to a photograph, a lady tells Amit, "I am members. Q is the sister of V and V is the brother
the only daughter of this lady and her son is your of R. P whose’s father is W, is husband of T. S is
material uncle." How is the speaker related to the husband of Q and U is the son of V. P is the
Amit's father ? father of Q.
(A) Sister-in-law (B) Wife Ex 4. How U is related with T ?
(C) Either (A) or (B) (D) Neither (A) nor (B) (A) Son (B) Mother
Sol. (B) The lady who is talking to Amit is the daughter (C) Grandson (D) Nephew
of the lady in the photograph. The son of that lady
Ex 5. How S is related with R ?
who is the brother of the lady who is talking to (A) Son (B) uncle
Amit. The brother of this lady is the maternal uncle (C) Brother-in-law (D) Brother
of Amit. The lady is the mother of Amit & wife of
Ex 6. How W is related with R ?
Amit ‘s Father.
(A) Grand father (B) uncle
(C) Son (D) Brother
20
PAGE # 20
Sol. : (4 to 6) Ex 7. A + B means A is the son of B, A – B means A is the
wife of B. A × B means A is the brother of B, A ÷ B
+ W
means A is the mother of B, A = B means A is the
Father
Wife sister of B. Which of the following represents P is
P T
+ – the maternal-uncle of Q ?
Father (A) R × P ÷ Q (B) P × R ÷ Q
Husband Sister Brother (C) P + R ÷ Q (D) P + R × Q
S Q V R
+ – + + Sol. (B) P × R  P is brother of R.
Son R Q  R is mother of Q.
U P is maternal uncle of Q.
+
Ex 8. A × B means A is the sister of B, A  B means A is
4. (C) U is son of V and V is son of T.
the daughter of B, A – B means A is the son of B.
 U is grandson of T.
On the basis of this information you have to tell,
5. (C) S is husband of Q and Q is sister of R. how is P related to S in the relationship
S is brother -in- law of R. P–Q×R S
(A) Brother (B) Son
6. (A) R is son of P and P is son of W.
(C) Grandson (D) Daughter’s son
W is grandfather of R.
Sol. (D) According to the directions
+/–
r S
Coded Relation h te
ug Daughter
Da
– Sisters –
In such questions, the relationship are Q R
Son
represented by certain specific symbols such as
P +
+, –, ÷, , , $, @, , , etc. The candidate is
P is the son of the daughter of S.
then required to analyse some given codes to
determine then relationship between a set of
persons, or to express a given relationship in the
coded form.



21
PAGE # 21
 PUZZLE-TEST

1. (D) Clearly, E is good in Physics, History &

Puzzle Test Mathematics but not in Biology.
This chapter comprises of questions given in the 2. (A) Clearly, C is good in Physics, History,
form of puzzles, involving certain number of items, Mathematics & Biology.
persons or things. You are required to analyses 3. (C) Clearly, D is good in Physics, Chemistry & History.
the given information of clue and answer the
8. Which two subjects are studied by more than 2
questions accordingly.
students ?
Hints for Handling The Questions :
(A) English and Hindi
 Generally, several condition in the form of (B) Chemistry and Hindi
information are given with the question. So, do
(C) Physics and Sanskrit
not make hurry to mix all the given information,
instead go step by step. (D) Chemistry and English
 To avoid confusion while solving such questions, you
9. Who are the students studying only two subjects ?
should symbolize persons, items by dot, lines etc.
(A) L and O (B) O and P
Classification Type Puzzles (C) L and P (D) M and N

This type consists of questions in which certain 10. Who are not studying Biology, Sanskrit and
items belonging to different groups or possessing Physics ?
different qualities are given along with some clues
(A) M, N and P only (B) N and O only
with the help of which the candidate is required to
group and analyses the given items and answer (C) M and N only (D) M, N and O only
the questions accordingly.
Directions : (11 to 15) Read the following information and
Directions : (1 to 3) Read following information carefully
and answer the questions given below it : then find out the answers to the questions that
(i) A and B are good in Biology & Chemistry. follow.
(ii) A & C are good in Biology & Physics. (i) Mansi, Gautami, Roza, Farida and Akshada who
(iii) C, D & E are good in Physics & History. are teachers in a school teach different subjects.
(iv) C & E are good in Physics & Mathematics.
(v) D & B are good in Chemistry & History. (ii) Mansi and Gautami teach Hindi and English.
(iii) Roza and Farida teach English and Geography.
Ex 1. Who is good in Physics, History & Mathematics
but not in Biology ? (iv) Farida and Mansi teach Maths and Hindi.
(A) D (B) C (v) Akshada and Gautami teach History and
(C) A (D) E Marathi.
Ex 2. Who is good in Physics, History, Mathematics &
Biology ? 11. Who among them teach the maximum number of
(A) C (B) E subjects ?
(C) D (D) B (A) Mansi and Akshada
Ex 3. Who is good in Physics, Chemistry & History ? (B) Gautami and Farida
(A) C (B) E (C) Roza and Gautami
(C) D (D) B
Sol. : (1 to 3) By given information we can make the (D) Farida and Mansi
following table :
12. Who among them teaches three subjects ?
Person Biology Chemistry Physics History Maths (A) Mansi (B) Gautami
A x x (C) Farida (D) Akshada
B x x
13. The common subject that Mansi, Gautami and
C x
Roza teach is
D x x
x x (A) History (B) Maths
E
(C) Marathi (D) English

PAGE # 22
14. Which of the following pair of teachers teaches 19. Which of the following pairs studies Chemistry
Marathi ? and Civics ?
(A) Akshada-Mansi (A) K and N (B) L and M
(B) Akshada-Roza (C) L and O (D) M and N
(C) Mansi-Gautami
(D) Gautami-Akshada Directions :(20 to 24) These questions are based on
following information.
15. The common subject that Gautami and Roza Rajesh, Sudhir and Mohan play football, hockey
teach is and cricket. Rajesh, Rakesh and Mohan play
(A) Hindi (B) History hockey, cricket and Basket ball. Rajesh, Sudhir,
(C) English (D) Maths Naresh and Mohan play football and cricket.

Directions : (16 to 19) Read the following information 20. Which two boys play all the games?
carefully and answer the questions based on it by (A) Rajesh and sudhir
selecting the correct option from the given (B) Rajesh and Rakesh
alternatives. (C) Sudhir and Mohan
Five students K, L, M, N and O study in a class of (D) Rajesh and Mohan
these 21. Which game is played by all the boys?
(i) K and L study Physics and Chemistry (A) Basket Ball (B) Cricket
(ii) M and L study Physics and Mathematics (C) Football (D) Hockey
(iii) N and K study Biology and Chemistry
22. Who does not play football?
(iv) O and L study Anthropology and Civics
(A) Rakesh (B) Sudhir
(v) O and N study Chemistry and Mathematics
(C) Naresh (D) Mohan
16. W ho among the students studies maximum 23. Which two games are not played by Naresh?
number of subjects ? (A) Cricket and Football
(A) O (B) N (B)Cricket and Hockey
(C) L (D) K (C) Hockey and Basketball
(D) Football and Basketball
17. W ho among the students studies minimum
number of subjects ? 24. Who do not play basket ball ?
(A) O (B) N (A) Rajesh and Mohan
(C) K (D) M (B) Sudhir and Naresh
(C) Rakesh and Rajesh
18. W ho among the students studies only four
(D) Mohan and Rakesh
subjects ?
(A) M (B) O
(C) N (D) K



PAGE # 23
 A NA LO G Y & P YR A M I D T ES T

‘Analogy’ means ‘Similarity’. A particular (c) Tool & Action Relationship :

relationship is given and another similar
relationship has to be identified from the Ex.3 Needle : Saw
alternatives provided. Analogy tests are, therefore, (A needle is used for sewing)
meant to test a candidate’s overall knowledge, Knife : Cut Gun : Short
power of reasoning and ability to think concisely Pen : Write Microscope : Magnify
and accurately. Spanner : Grip Sword : Slaughter
Filter : Purity Spade : Dig
Kinds of Relationship Mattock : Dig Steering : Drive
Spoon : Feed Chisel : Carve
(a) Study & Topic Relationship :
Axe : Grind Shield : Guard
Ex.1 Botany : Plants Auger : Bore Oar : Row
(Botany means study of Plants) Loudspeaker : Amplify Shovel : Scoop
Zoology : Animals (d) Worker and Working place :
Pathology : Diseases
Cardiology : Heart Ex.4 Chef : Kitchen
Astronomy : Planets (Chef works in a Kitchen)
Astrology : Future
Cytology : Cells Farmer : Field Warrior : Battle field
Geology : Earth Engineer : Site Sailor : Ship
Mycology : Fungi Pilot : Cockpit Beautician : Parlor
Craniology : Skill Actor : Stage Mechanic : Garage
Ornithology : Birds Painter : Gallery Grocer : Grocery
Nephrology : Kidney Waiter : Restaurant Gambler : Casino
Pedology : Soil Servant : House Worker : Factory
Phycology : Algae Umpire : Pitch Teacher : School
Histology : Tissues Artist : Theatre Doctor : Hospital
Nidology : Nests Clerk : Office Driver : Cabin
Seismology : Earthquakes Scientist : Laboratory Lawyer : Court
Penology : Punishment
Archaeology : Artifacts (e) Worker & Product :
Ecology : Environment
Anthology : Collection of Poems Ex.5 Poet : Poem
Trigonometry : Triangles (Poet writes poem)
Paleography : Writings Farmer : Crop Author : Book
Semantics : Language Cobbler : Shoes Mason : Wall
Hematology : Blood Editor : Newspaper Hunter : Prey
Malacology : Molluscs Carpenter : Furniture Butcher : Meat
Bryology : Bryophytes Gold Smith : Ornaments Producer : Film
Taxonomy : Classification Architect : Design Tailor : Clothes
Orography : Mountains
Teacher : Educations Dramatist : Play
(b) Worker & Tool Relationship : Choreographer : Ballet Judge : Justice
Ex.2 Laborer : Spade (f) Product and Raw Material :
(Spade is a tool used by a Laborers)
Ex.6 Cloth : Fibre
Carpenter : Saw Wood cutter : Axe
(Cloth is made of Fibre)
Blacksmith : Anvil Soldier : Gun
Tailor : Needle Chef : Knife Paper : Pulp Book : Paper
Farmer : Plough Author : Pen Jewellery : Gold Oil : Seed
Warrior : Sword Sculptor : Chisel Road : Asphalt Sack : Jute
Mason : Plumb line Jockey : Tack Metal : Ore Fabric : Yarn
Gardener : Harrow Surgeon : Scalpel Pullover : Wool Furniture : Wood
Astronomer : Telescope Lumberjack : Axe Butter : Milk Wine : Grapes
Painter : Brush Violinist : Bow Omelette : Egg Rubber : Latex
Barber : Scissors Butcher : Chopper Wall : Brick Shoes : Leather
Doctor : Stethoscope Cobbler : Awl
Prism : Glass Linen : Flax
Jaggery : Sugarcane Chair : Cane

PAGE # 24
 (g) Instrument & Measurement : (l) Word & Antonym :
Ex.7 Scale : Length Ex.12 Good : Bad
(Scale is an Instruments used to measure length)
Cruel : Kind Best : Worst
Ammeter : Current Sink : Float Strong : Weak
Balance : Mass
Thermometer : Temperature Initial : Final Start : End
Odometer : Speed Ignore : Notice Advance : Retreat
Hygrometer : Humidity Create : Destroy Gentle : Harsh
Screw gauge : Thickness
Seismograph : Earthquake Deep ; Shallow Affirm : Deny
Anemometer : Wind Kindle : Extinguish Mourn : Rejoice
Barometer : Pressure Cordial : Hostile Kindle :Extinguish
Taseometer : Strains
Raingauge : Rain Chaos : Peace Fresh : Stale
Sphygmomanometer : Blood Pressure Condense : Expand Lend : Borrow
(h) Quantity & unit : Gradual : Abrupt (Sudden)
Ex.8 Time : second (m) Words & Intensity :
(Seconds is the unit of Time)
Ex.13 Quarrel : War
Force : Newton Length : Meter
Energy : Joule Work : Joule Anger : Rage Kindle : Burn
Current : Ampere Volume : Litre Error : Blunder Wish : Desire
Temperature : Degrees Potential : Volt Sink : Drown Unhappy : Sad
Mass : Kilogram Pressure : Pascal Famous : Renowned Moist : Drench
Area : Hectare Conductivity : Mho
Resistance : Ohm Angle : Radians Crime : Sin Refuse : Deny
Magnetic field : Oersted Power : Watt
Word Analogy
Luminosity : Candela Frequency : Hertz
(i) Animal & Young ones :
Direction : (1 to 3) In the following questions, choose the
Ex.9 Dog : Puppy
words that show the same relationship as given
(Puppy is the young one of Dog)
in the each questions.
Lion : Cub Man : Child
Hen : Chicken Sheep : Lamb
Ex 1. Match is related to Win in the same way as
Cow : Calf Cat : Kitten
Duck : Duckling Horse : Pony / Calf Examination is related to
Insect : Larva Stallion : Colt (A) Write (B) Appear
Butterfly : Caterpillar Frog : Tadpole (C) Success (D) Attempt
Pig : Farrow Tortoise : Turtle Sol. (C) One of outcomes of ‘Match’ is ‘Victory’. Likewise
(j) Male & Female : ‘Success’ is one of the outcomes of ‘Examination’.
Ex. 10 Tiger : Tigress
(Tigress is Female tiger ) Ex 2. Boat is related to Oar in the same way as Bicycle
is related to
Son : Daughter Gentleman : Lady
Nephew : Niece Drone : Bee (A) Road (B) Wheel
Dog : Bitch Stage : Doe (C) Seat (D) Paddle
Sorcerer : Sorceress Horse : Mare Sol. (D) ‘Oar’ is a devise used to push a ‘Boat’.
Lion : Lioness Likewise ‘Paddle’ is used to push the ‘Bicycle’.
(k) Word & Synonym :
Ex 3. As Earthquake is related to Seismograph in the
Ex. 11 Vacant : Empty
(Empty means almost the same as Vacant) same way, Milk is related to which ?
(A) Hydrometer (B) Hygrometer
Substitute : Replace Blend : Mix
House : Home Solicit : Request (C) Spherometer (D) Lactometer
Flaw : Defect Fierce : Violent Sol. (D) ‘Seismograph’ is an instrument by which
Dearth : Scarcity Ban : Prohibition intensity of ‘Earthquake’ is measured. In same
Mend : Repair Assign : Allot manner the purity of milk is measured by
Abduct : Kidnap Sedate : Calm
lactometer.
Alight : Descend Presage : Predict
Pressure : Assume Fallacy : illusion
Dissipate : Squander Brim : Edge
Dissipate : Squander Haughty : Proud

PAGE # 25
Directions : (4 to 5) In each of the following questions, Directions : (8 to 10) In each of the following questions,
there is a certain relationship between two given there is a certain relation between two given
words on one side of :: and one word is give on number on one side of : : and one number is
another side of :: while another word is to be found given on another side of : : while another number
from the given alternatives, having the same is to be found from the given alternatives, having
relation with this word as the words of the given the same relation with this number as the
numbers of the given pair bear. Choose the best
pair bear. Choose the correct alternatives.
alternative.
Ex 4. Ice : Water :: Solid : ? Ex 8. 3 : 24 :: 5 : ?
(A) Liquid (B) Solution (A) 120 (B) 45
(C) Matter (D) Substance (C) 124 (D) 27
Sol. (A) First is made from second. Sol. (A ) 33 – 3 = 24 similarly 53 –5 = 120

Ex 9. 11 : 1331 : : 12 : ?
Ex 5. Tea : Leaves : : Coffee : ?
(A) 1782 (B) 1728
(A) Leaves (B) Beverage
(C) 1792 (D) 1772
(C) Seeds (D) Plant
Sol. (B) 113 = 1331 similarly 123 = 1728
Sol. (C) Latter is the original form of the former.
Ex 10. 6 : 18 : : 4 : ?
Directions : (6 to 7) In each of the following questions, (A) 2 (B) 6
there are two terms to the left of the sign :: which are (C) 8 (D) 16
related in some way. Obtain the same relationship Sol. (C) 62 = 36 , 36 ÷ 2 = 18 similarly
between the term to the right of the sign :: from one 42 = 16 , 16 ÷ 2 = 8
of the four alternatives given under it. Direction : (11 to 12) In each of the following questions,
choose that set of numbers from the alternative
Ex 6. Factory : Production : : sets that is similar to the given set ?
(A) School : Education
Ex 11. Give group : (5, 6, 22)
(B) Teacher : Discipline
(A) 4, 8, 2 (B) 3, 8, 26
(C) Mother : Love
(C) 8, 9, 34 (D) 7, 9, 48
(D) Plants : Fruit
Sol. (C) The pattern is 5 + 6 = 11×2 = 22
Sol. (A)Production is carried out in a factory similarly
So, the same pattern is 8 + 9 = 17×2 = 34
education is given by in a school.
Ex 12. Given set : (8, 3, 2)
Ex 7. Mosquito : Malaria : : (A) (10, 6, 5) (B) (63, 8, 3)
(A) Tobacoo : Cancer (B) Road : Accident (C) (95, 24, 5) (D) (168, 15, 4)
(C) Housefly : Food (D) Soil : Erosion Sol. (B) In each set, 1st number = (2nd number)2 – 1;
Sol. (A) Second is the causes of first. 2nd number = (3rd number)2 – 1.

Directions : (13) In each of the following questions, choose

Number Analogy
This section deals with four types of questions.
Ex 13.
1. Choosing a number related to a given number in
the same manner as the two numbers of another
given pair are related to each other; Sol.
2. Choosing a similarly related pair as the given
number pair on the basis of the relation between
the numbers in each pair.
3. Choosing a number similar to a group of numbers
on the basis of certain common properties that
they possess;
4. Choosing a number set similar to a given number
set.
one number which is similar to the numbers in
the given set ?
Given set : 192,282,372
(A) 453 (B) 461
(C) 236 (D) 425
In all the numbers, the sum of digits is 12.
Alphabet Analogy
In alphabet Analogy questions, two groups of
letters related to each other in some way, are
given. The candidate is required to find out this
relationship and then choose either a letter-group
which is related in the same way to a third group
provided in the question or a pair consisting of
similarly related letter-groups.

PAGE # 26
Directions : (14 to 16) In each of the following questions, Ex 15. LXNU : NYPV :: QTBR : ?
there are two terms to the left of the sign :: which (A) RUSD (B) SDSU
are related in some way. Obtain the same (C) SUDS (D) RSUD
relationship between the term to the right of the Sol. (C) Second term is obtained from the first by
sign :: from one of the four alternatives given under it. moving its first and third letters two steps forward
while the second and fourth letters one step
Ex 14. MANTEL : NAMLET :: VANITY : ? forward.
(A) NAVYIT (B) NAVYTI
(C) NAVIYI (D) AVNTIY Ex 16. CG : EI :: FJ : ?
Sol. (B) Group of three letters is reversed. (A) JK (B) IJ
(C) LM (D) GK
Sol. (D) Letter groups consist of 2 letters in alphabetic
order skipping 3 letters immediately following.



PAGE # 27
 C L A S S I F I C AT I O N

Classification
‘Classification’ means ‘to assort the items of a
given group on the basis of certain common quality
they possess and then spot the stranger or odd
one out’. In this test, a group of certain items are
given, out of which all except one are similar to
one another in some manner. The candidate is
required to choose this one item which does not
fit into the given group.
Classification of Number
In these type of questions, certain numbers/
groups of numbers are given, out of which all
except one share some common property and
hence are alike, while one is different and this
number / groups of numbers is to be chosen as
the answer.

Classification of Word Directions : (5 to 7) In the following questions, four

numbers/pairs are given out of which three are
In these type of questions, certain words/pairs of alike in some manner while one is different.
words are given out of which the words/pairs of Choose the one which is different from the rest
words except one, bear a certain common three.
relationship. The candidate is required to decipher
Ex 5. (A) 43 (B) 53
this relationship and choose the word/the pair in
which the words are differently related, as the (C) 63 (D) 73
answer. Sol. (C) All other numbers are prime numbers.

Directions : (1 to 2 ) In each of the following questions, four Ex 6. (A) 3 : 8 (B) 6 : 35

words are given, out of which three are same in (C) 7 : 50 (D) 1 : 0
one way and the fourth one is different from others. Sol. (C) In other numbers second number is one less
Select the odd one. than the square of first number.
Ex 1. (A) Silk (B) Fur Ex 7. (A) 21 : 24 (B) 28 : 32
(C) Milk (D) Rubber (C) 14 : 16 (D) 54 : 62
Sol. (D) Only ‘Rubber’ is the tree product. Sol. (D) The ratio among the numbers is 7 : 8
Ex 2. (A) Milk (B) Syrup
(C) Squash (D) Cake
Sol. (D) All others are the drinks.

Classification of Letter
In these type of questions, usually four groups of
letters are given. Three of them are similar to each
other in some manner while one is different and
this is to be chosen by the candidate as the answer.
Directions : (3 to 4) In each of the following questions
three out of four alternatives contain alphabet
placed in a particular form. Find the one that does
not belong to the group.
Ex 3. (A) DW (B) GT
(C) KP (D) FR
Sol. (D) In all other pairs of words first and second
letters are equidistant from the beginning and end
respectively in the alphabetical series.
Ex 4. (A) A8C (B) D22G
(C) H42M (D) F34J
Sol. (D) In all other groups number between first and
second letter is twice the sum of positions of first
and last letters in the alphabet.

PAGE # 28
 N O N - V E R BA L S E R I E S, A NA LO G Y
& C LA S S I F I C AT I O N

NON-VERBAL SERIES
Ex 3. Problem Figures
Type-I

In this type of non-verbal test, two sets of figures

pose the problem. The sets are called problem
Figures and Answer Figures. Each problem figure
changes in design from the preceding one. The Answer Figures
answer figure set contains four figures marked
A, B, C, D. You are required to choose the correct
answer figure, which would best continue the
series.

Directions : (1 to 7) Study the problem figures carefully and

try to establish the relationship between them
from the answer figures. Pick out the figure which
most appropriately completes the series.
Ex 1. Problem Figures
Sol. (A) The bigger balls diameter is moving at 90º
and smaller balls diameter is moving at 45º,
simultaneously the face of the bigger figure is
changing position.
Type-II

In these questions the items in the diagrams either

increase or decrease in number.

Answer Figures Ex 4. Problem Figures

Answer Figures
Sol. (D) Note the direction of arrow which changes
alternately. The dots are also changing alternately.
Hence, we are looking for a figure in which the
arrow points down and the dots and positioned
as problem figure second.
Sol. (C) The small circles are decreasing
Ex 2. Problem Figures
consecutively and the black dots are increasing.

Ex 5. Problem Figures

Answer Figures + ++ + ++

Answer Figures

Sol. (C) The same figures rotates up-side-down in

alternative figures.

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Sol. (D) Signs of Plus are adding up one by one.
Analogy
Problem figure one has one plus sign, problem
figure second has two signs, problem figure third
has three signs, the next figure should have four
signs to keep the same pattern.
Type-III
The qualitative characteristics of various elements
in the diagrams change to complete the series.
In this type of non-verbal test the problem figures
are presented in two units. The first unit contains
two figures, one in each square. The second unit
contains one figure in the first square and a
question mark (?) in the second. You have to find
out from among the figures A, B, C and D as to
which one should replace the questions mark
after finding the relationship between the two
figures in the first unit of the problem figures. Some
examples are discussed below.

Rotation Type : The various elements in the
diagrams move in a specific manner. They may
rotate in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction.
Ex 6. Problem Figures
Directions : (1 to 2) In the following questions there are
two sets of figures. One set is problem figures
and the second set is a answer figures. There is
some relationship between the first and the
second figure of the problem figures set. If there
is similar relationship between the third and fourth
figures of the same set, select the correct figure
from the set of answer figures for question mark
(?).
Ex 1. Problem Figures

Answer Figures
: :: : ?
Answer Figures

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Sol. (D) The sign of plus is rotating clockwise. The pin (A) (B) (C) (D)
changes direction alternately. Sol. (C) Problem figure second contains the lower half
of problem figure first. Hence, answer figure (C)
Type-IV replaces the question mark.

Multi-Relational Series : These are mixed series Ex 2. Problem Figures

in which various elements in diagrams increase
or decrease in number, change/positions in a set
pattern.
: :: : ?

Ex 7. Problem Figures Answer Figures

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Answer Figures
Sol. (A) problem figure first is rotated 180º ACW or CW
to obtain problem figure second. Then the shaded
and the unshaded leaves are interchanged.
Hence, (A) should replace the question mark.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sol. (C) Note movement of dot which is clockwise and Directions : (3) In each of the following problems, a related
the arrow moves in and out in opposite direction pair of figures is followed by five numbered pairs
alternately, the circle and square interchange of figures. Select the pair that has a relationship
similar to that in the original pair.

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Ex 3.

(x)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Sol. (A) The first figure of (X) rotate 180º.

Classification

In these type of questions, four figures numbered

(A), (B), (C) and (D) are given. These are treated
both problem figures as well as the answer
figures. Three out of these four figures are related
to each other by way of having some common
characteristics and so form a group. Out of these
four, you have to identify one figure which does
not belong to group .

Ex 1.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Sol. (C) Both the arrow heads are in the same direction
in figure (C). In all other figures, they are in the
opposite direction, Hence, (C) is the answer

Ex 2.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Sol. (D) Between the shaded portion and the arrow,

there are two triangles in figure (A), (B), (C) and
(D).

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