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m It is an international agreement between countries, worldwide, to limit emissions

of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are a major cause of global warming.

m Êhe greenhouse gases the Kyoto Protocol aims to limit

1. Carbondioxide (CO2)
2. Methane (CH4)
3. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
4. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
5. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

m Êhe Kyoto Protocol was first open for signature to countries willing to participate,
on December 11, 1997, in Kyoto, Japan.

m It came into force on February 16, 2005.

m è

  168 countries have signed the Kyoto Êreaty

m u


 175 countries have signed the Kyoto Êreaty

m 
    
 Germany, Finland, Australia, Philippines,
Israel, Ukraine, Switzerland, China, Canada, Italy, France, Spain, United
Kingdom.

m 
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Ú Êhe Kyoto Protocol has 3 categories:
1. Annex I countries ± industrialized countries
2. Annex II countries ± developed countries
3. Developing countries

Ú Êhe Kyoto Protocol requires 55 industrialized countries to reduce their

greenhouse gas emissions to target levels 5.2% below that of 1990. If
unable to, they must buy emission credits from countries that are under
these levels.
Ú It provides that developed countries pay for costs of developing countries.
Ú Developing countries have no requirements under the Protocol. Êhey may
sell emission credits and receive funds and technology from Annex II
countries for climate-related studies and projects. Many Annex I and
Annex II countries overlap.

m Êhe Philippines had signed the treaty on April 15, 1998 and ratified it on
November 23, 2003. Êhe Philippines participates through the Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM), which states that developed countries can invest in projects
in a developing country to curb emissions of Greenhouse gases.
 m Êhe Kyoto Protocol is still not a success for having USA ratify the Kyoto Protocol
is a big problem as the USA also roughly contributes a quarter of the world¶s
greenhouse gases.


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m Êhe Copenhagen Climate Council is a global collaboration between international

business and science founded by the leading independent think tank in
Scandinavia, Monday Morning, based in Copenhagen.

m Êhe councilors of the Copenhagen Climate Council have come together to create
global awareness of the importance of the UN Climate Summit (COP15) in
Copenhagen, December 2009, and to ensure technical and public support and
assistance to global decision makers when agreeing on a new climate treaty to
replace the Kyoto Protocol from 1997.

m   
     


1. Êo create international awareness

2. Êo promote constructive dialogue
3. Êo inspire global business leaders

m Copenhagen Climate Council comprises 30 global climate leaders representing

6


,
, and  6 
from all parts of the world.

m è   !, chief executives will discuss how business can help
solve the climate crisis through innovative business models, new partnerships and
the development of low carbon technologies.
!
!
è 
  (2010). Retrieved October 25, 2010, from Alternative Energy
Sources: http://www.alternate-energy-sources.com/Kyoto-Protocol-summary.html
c
     (n.d.). Retrieved October 25, 2010, from UNFCC:
http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php
Pickering, S. (n.d.).      Retrieved October 25, 2010, from
Copenhagen Climate Council: http://www.copenhagenclimatecouncil.com/world-
business-summit.html

Submitted by: 
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ENVC C34 A
Ang, Dustin arretto,
Patricia Dillague, Jonathan
?eachon, Rachel
?im, Sachelle
So, Steven