World Wide Web (WWW)

1. Most important service provided by Internet.

2. An internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing.
3. Developed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee of the European Particle Physics Lab (CERN) in
Switzerland.

Is World Wide Web and Internet same ?

World Wide Web: The most widely used part of the Internet is the World Wide Web (often abbreviated
"WWW" or called "the Web").

The Internet is not synonymous with World Wide Web. The Internet is a massive network of networks, a
networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in
which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to
the Internet. The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium
of the Internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet.

The internet is like the highway and the Web is like a car that lets one travel from place to place.

The World Wide Web (WWW) can be viewed as a huge distributed system consisting of millions of
clients and servers for accessing linked documents. Servers maintain collections of documents, while
clients provide users an easyto-use interface for presenting and accessing those documents.

Overview of WWW

The WWW is essentially a huge client-server system with millions of servers distributed worldwide. Each
server maintains a collection of documents; each document is stored as a file (although documents can
also be generated on request). A server accepts requests for fetching a document and transfers it to the
client

A client interacts with Web servers through a special application known as a browser. A browser is
responsible for properly displaying a document. Also, a browser accepts input from a user mostly by
letting the user select a reference to another document, which it then subsequently fetches and displays

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 Step 1

Step 2: Searching yahoo.com

Step 3

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Step 3: Fetching the results

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 Search Engines

A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide
Web. The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred to as search engine
results pages (SERPs). The information may be a mix of web pages, images, and other types of files.

Search engines use automated software (known as robots or spiders) to follow links on Websites,
harvesting information as they go. When someone submits a query to a search engine, the engine
returns a list of sites, ranking them on their relevance to the keywords used in the search.

Example of Search engines: Google, Bing, Yahoo search, Ask, AOL, WOW etc.

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 Electronic Mail
Electronic mail, commonly known as email or e-mail, is a method of exchanging digital
messages from an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across the Internet or
other computer networks. Some early email systems required that the author and the recipient
both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging. Today's email systems are
based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver and store messages.
Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need connect
only briefly, typically to an email server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages.

An email message consists of three components, the message envelope, the message header, and
the message body. The message header contains control information, including, minimally, an
originator's email address and one or more recipient addresses. Usually descriptive information is
also added, such as a subject header field and a message submission date/time stamp.Distributes
e-mail messages and attached files to one or more electronic mailboxes. Message can consist of
attachment, graphic or video/audio clips.

Eg :- e-mail addresses

1. thomas@mes.edu.in
2. murugan@mesmarampally.org

Different E-mail services provider

1. Gmail
2. Hotmail
3. Yahoo
4. MSN

Email Protocols
E-mail Protocols are set of rules that help the client to properly transmit the information to or from the
mail server. The various protocols are SMTP, POP, and IMAP.
SMTP
SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It was first proposed in 1982. It is a standard protocol
used for sending e-mail efficiently and reliably over the internet.
Key Points:
 SMTP is application level protocol.
 SMTP is connection oriented protocol.
 SMTP is text based protocol.
 It handles exchange of messages between e-mail servers over TCP/IP network.
 Apart from transferring e-mail, SMPT also provides notification regarding incoming mail.
 When you send e-mail, your e-mail client sends it to your e-mail server which further contacts
the recipient mail server using SMTP client.

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  These SMTP commands specify the sender’s and receiver’s e-mail address, along with the
message to be send.
 The exchange of commands between servers is carried out without intervention of any user.
 In case, message cannot be delivered, an error report is sent to the sender which makes SMTP a
reliable protocol.
Example of SMTP Commands

MAIL FROM
1.
This indicates the sender’s address

RCPT TO
2. It identifies the recipient of the mail. In order to deliver similar message to
multiple users this command can be repeated multiple times.

SIZE
3.
This command let the server know the size of attached message in bytes.

DATA
4. The DATA command signifies that a stream of data will follow. Here stream of
data refers to the body of the message.

QUIT
5.
This commands is used to terminate the SMTP connection.

IMAP
IMAP stands for Internet Mail Access Protocol. It was first proposed in 1986. There exist five versions
of IMAP as follows:
1. Original IMAP
2. IMAP2
3. IMAP3
4. IMAP2bis
5. IMAP4
Key Points:
 IMAP allows the client program to manipulate the e-mail message on the server without
downloading them on the local computer.
 The e-mail is hold and maintained by the remote server.
 It enables us to take any action such as downloading, delete the mail without reading the mail.It
enables us to create, manipulate and delete remote message folders called mail boxes.
 IMAP enables the users to search the e-mails.
 It allows concurrent access to multiple mailboxes on multiple mail servers.
Example of IMAP Commands

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 SELECT
1.
This command helps to select a mailbox to access the messages.

EXAMINE
2. It is same as SELECT command except no change to the mailbox is
permitted.

CREATE
3.
It is used to create mailbox with a specified name.

DELETE
4.
It is used to permanently delete a mailbox with a given name.

POP
POP stands for Post Office Protocol. It is generally used to support a single client. There are several
versions of POP but the POP 3 is the current standard.
Key Points
 POP is an application layer internet standard protocol.
 Since POP supports offline access to the messages, thus requires less internet usage time.
 POP does not allow search facility.
 In order to access the messaged, it is necessary to download them.
 It allows only one mailbox to be created on server.
 It is not suitable for accessing non mail data.

POP Commands
The following table describes some of the POP commands:

S.N. Command Description

LOGIN
1
This command opens the connection.

STAT
2
It is used to display number of messages currently in the mailbox.

LIST
3 It is used to get the summary of messages where each message summary is
shown.

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 RETR
4
This command helps to select a mailbox to access the messages.

DELE
5
It is used to delete a message.

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