Marc 2017.1 Training 120 Workbook 636522147316424295 PDF

Basic Nonlinear Analysis using
Marc and Patran

MAR120 Workshops
January 2018
Legal Information
MSC Software Corporation reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this
document without prior notice. The concepts, methods, and examples presented in this text are for illustrative and
educational purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to apply to any particular engineering problem or
design. MSC Software Corporation assumes no liability or responsibility to any person or company for direct or indirect
damages resulting from the use of any information contained herein.
Copyright © 2018 MSC Software Corporation. All Rights Reserved. This notice shall be marked on any reproduction of this
documentation, in whole or in part. Any reproduction or distribution of this document, in whole or in part, without the prior
written consent of MSC Software Corporation is prohibited.
The MSC Software corporate logo, Adams, Dytran, Easy5, Fatigue, Laminate Modeler, Marc, Mentat, MD Nastran, Patran,
MSC, MSC Nastran, Mvision, Patran, SimDesigner, SimEnterprise, SimManager, SimXpert and Sofy are trademarks or
registered trademarks of the MSC Software Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. NASTRAN is a
registered trademark of NASA. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.
MA*V2017.1*Z*Z*Z*SM-MAR120-WBK WS0 - 2
CONTENTS
Workshop
1 CAD Import and Repair

2 Linear and Nonlinear Analysis of a Cantilever Beam
3 Plastic Deformation of Cantilever Beam
4 Analysis of Rubber Seal
5 Hertz Contact
6 Interference Fits
7 Hertz Contact Analysis with Friction
8 Pin Insertion and Extraction
9 Buckling Analysis
10 Contact Analysis to Generate Force-Deflection of a Spring
MAR120, Workshop 0, January 2018

Copyright© 2018 MSC Software Corporation WS0 - 3
Copyright© 2018 MSC Software Corporation WS0 - 4
WORKSHOP 1
CAD IMPORT AND REPAIR

WS1 - 1
Copyright© 2018 MSC Software Corporation
WS1 - 2
• Workshop Objectives
– Examine the effect of tolerance on geometry import
– Verify imported geometry
– Correct incongruent surfaces
• Software Version
– Patran 2017
• Files Required
– mblade.igs
• Problem Description
– Import an iges model multiple times with different tolerances. Note the
effect of decreasing tolerance on the integrity of the imported model.

WS1 - 3
• Suggested Exercise Steps:
1. Create a new database
2. Create a Group called Blade1
3. Import model (mblade.igs) with Global Model Tolerance (GMT) set to 0.005
4. Check the model for free surface edges
5. Create a Boundary Representation Solid from the Surfaces
6. Determine the length of the shortest solid edge
7. Create a copy of the original model, the re-import model (mblade.igs) into
its own group with GMT set to 0.051
• First transform the original model one unit in the X direction.
8. Check the model for free surface edges
9. Add surface 30 from the original model and surface 63 from the newly
imported model to a new group
10.Compare the two surfaces
11.Import model (mblade.igs) into a new database with GMT is set to 0.00005
12.Check the model for free surface edges
13.Repair the geometry by sewing surfaces that have a gap due to the small
tolerance
14.Create a B-rep solid and Mesh with tet10 elements
WS1 - 4
Step 1. Create a New Database
Create a new database.
a. Pull down File > New a
b. Enter BLADE for the File
name.
c. Click OK.
d. Set the Analysis Code to
MSC.Marc
e. Click OK on the New Model
Preference form (There is no
Analysis in this workshop).
b c
e

WS1 - 5
Step 2. Create a Group
a
Create a group called Blade1 and
make it current.
a. Pull down Group > Create
b. Enter Blade1 for the New
Group Name.
c. Click Apply.
d. Click Cancel.
c d

WS1 - 6
Step 3. Import Model with GMT = 0.005
Import model (mblade.igs) with
Global Model Tolerance is set to
0.005
a. Pull down Preferences >
a
Global
b. Enter 0.005 for Global Model
Tolerance
c. Click Apply then Cancel.
d
d. Pull down File > Import
e. Pull down Source to IGES
f. Uncheck Import to Parasolid e
g
g. Select mblade.igs
h. Click Apply and click OK for
the IGES Import Summary form
f
(not shown) b
i. Click Smooth Shaded in the h
Display group.
c c

WS1 - 7
Step 4. Verify the Model
a
Check model for free surface c

edges
a. Under the Geometry tab, click b
Verify in Geometry Actions
group.
b. Verify that Surface and
Boundary are selected for
Object and Method.
c. Drag a rectangle to select all
surfaces.
d. Click Apply.
e. Note the message in the
History Window.

WS1 - 8
Step 5. Create a Geometry Solid
Create a Boundary Representation a

Solid from the Surfaces b
a. Pull down Select > B-rep in the
Solids group.
b. Drag a rectangle to select all
surfaces. Since Auto Execute
is checked you do not need to
click Apply.
c. Note the message in the
History Window.

WS1 - 9
Step 6. Perform Geometry Check
a
Determine the length of the shortest solid

edge
a. Click Show in the Geometry Actions
group.
b. Pull down that Curve for Object and
Length Range for Info.
c. Set Minimum Curve Length to 0.0,
Maximum Curve Length to 0.05
d. Drag a rectangle to select the whole model
e. The shortest curve in the model has length c
= 0.0235, which is greater than the Global d
Model Tolerance of 0.005
Let’s see what happens

with a larger tolerance.

WS1 - 10
Make a copy of the original model.

Transform the model 1 unit in the a
X-direction. Create a new group for
the second model.
a. Pull down Group > Transform
b. Click Apply.
c. Pull down Group > Create
d. Enter Blade2 for New Group
Name.
e. Click Apply then Cancel.
b
e e
WS1 - 11
Step 7. Import Model with GMT = 0.051 (Cont.)
Import model (mblade.igs) with
Global Model Tolerance is set to
0.051
a. Pull down Preferences > a
Global
b. Enter 0.051 for Global Model
Tolerance.
c. Click Apply then Cancel. d
d. Pull down File > Import.
e. Pull down Source to IGES
f. Uncheck Import to Parasolid
g. Select mblade.igs e
h. Click Apply. g
i. Click No for All
j. Click OK for the IGES Import f
Summary form. (not shown) b
h
c c

WS1 - 12
Step 7. Import Model with GMT = 0.051 (Cont.)
a. Note the messages in the

History Window:

WS1 - 13
a
Check newly imported model for

free surface edges
c
a. Click Verify in the Geometry
Actions group. b
b. Verify that Surface and
Boundary are selected for
Object and Method.
f
c. Drag a rectangle to select all
surfaces in the newly imported
model.
g
d. Click Apply.
e. Note the message in the
History Window.
f. Click Erase Markers. d
g. Click OK. This time there are problems with the geometry.

WS1 - 14
Step 9. Create a Group
a
Create a new group called
Comparison. Add a surface from
the original model and one at the
same location in the second
model.
a. Pull down Group > Create
b. Enter Comparison for New
Group Name.
c. Check Unpost All Other
Groups.
d. In the Entity Selection text box, b
enter s 30 63 (Add surface 30
from the original model and
surface 63 from the newly c
imported model to the group)
e. Click Apply then Cancel.
e e

WS1 - 15
Step 10. Compare Surfaces
a
b
c
Visually compare the two surfaces.

a. Under the Home tab, click
Wireframe in the Display
group.
b. Click Display Lines in the
Misc. group to turn on internal
hash lines on the surfaces. GMT = 0.005
c. Click Label Control in the
Misc. group
d. Click Surface on the Labels
GMT = 0.051
toolbar
Rotate the model by dragging the
middle mouse button.

WS1 - 16
Step 10. Compare Surfaces (Cont.)
a
b
c
Visually compare the two surfaces.

a. Under the Geometry tab, click
Show in the Geometry Actions
d
group.
b. Pull down Object to Curve.
c. Pull down Info to Attributes.
d. Drag a rectangle to select all
the surface edges
e. Click in the cell for Surface
62.3. Notice the length = 0. The
edge is highlight in magenta in
the viewport.
f. Click Cancel. Edge 62.3 has zero length

WS1 - 17
Geometry Import and Repair
• There are other surfaces with problems related to the value used
for the GMT during import of the IGES file.
• It has been seen that problems are created by using a GMT that is
too large.
– Degenerate edges are created.
– Surfaces are not constructed correctly.
• Topological problems
• Parameterization problems

WS1 - 18
Let’s try again with a much lower GMT.

a. Create a new database, and set the
GMT to 0.00005. (Step 1).
b. Import the IGES file again. (Steps 3).

WS1 - 19
a
a. Verify the free edges in the

model (Step 4).
b. Click Plot Incongruent
Surfaces. b
c. Attempt to create a B-Rep
solid (Step 5). You should
encounter the error shown.
Non-congruent
All Surfaces Surfaces

WS1 - 20
Step 13. Repair Geometry
a
a. Under the Home tab, click View e

Corners in the Viewport group.
b. Drag a rectangle to zoom in on the
two green surfaces.
c. Zoom in again on the vertex shown.
d. Click Label Control in the Misc.
group
e. Click Point on the Labels toolbar

WS1 - 21
Step 13. Repair Geometry (Cont.)
a
a. Under the Geometry tab, click d

Show in the Geometry Actions The surfaces are
non-congruent b
group.
because of the c
b. Pull down Object to Point.
distance between
c. Pull down Info to Distance. vertices, which is
d. Select Point 46 greater than the
e. Select Point 51 import GMT.
f. Click Cancel. e
Distance 9.846E-5 > GMT = 5E-5
f
WS1 - 22
a
Repair gaps between the surfaces.

a. Click Edit in the Geometry
Actions group.
b. Pull down Object to Surface. e
b
c. Pull down Method to Sew.
c
d. Click in the Surface List text
box.
e. Drag a rectangle to select the d
Surfaces adjacent to the gap.
f. Click Apply. f
g. Click Yes for All.
g
WS1 - 23
a
Check the model again for

free edges. c
a. Click Verify in the
Geometry Actions
group.
b. Click Plot All
Geometry. b
c. Drag a rectangle to
select all Surfaces.
d. Click Apply.
e. Note that there are no
free surface edges

WS1 - 24
a d
b
e c
a. Zoom in on the problem area
again.
b. The points have been merged,
creating congruency at the
surface junction
c. Click Point on the Labels
toolbar to toggle off the display As shown in Step 5, a B-Rep
of Point ID labels. solid can now be created.
d. Click Fit View in the Viewport
group.
e. Create the B-rep solid for the
repaired solid.

WS1 - 25
Step 14. Create a Mesh
a
Mesh the solid

a. Under the Meshing tab, click
Solid in the Meshers group.
b. Click in the Input List text box.
c. Select the solid.
d. Click Apply.
b
c

WS1 - 26
WORKSHOP 2
LINEAR AND NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF A
CANTILEVER BEAM

WS2 - 1
WS2 - 2
• Workshop Objectives:
– Small vs. large displacement analysis
– Linear elastic theory
– Patran 2017
– Marc 2017.1
• Required Files
– No supporting file is required.

WS2 - 3
– In this exercise, a cantilever beam is subjected to a static load. The beam is
initially analyzed using small deformation theory. However, after reviewing
the results, it becomes apparent that small deformation theory is not
appropriate for this problem. Subsequently, a large deformation analysis is
performed and its results are compared to the small deformation analysis.
Section A-A
(Data in next page)

WS2 - 4
• Model Description
– The model is made using eight 2D plane stress, assumed strain, reduced
integration (type 114) elements. The elements are uniformly spaced along
the length of the beam (i.e. a mesh, eight elements wide and one element
deep). The assumed strain, reduced integration element is designed
specifically for in-plane bending and is well suited for this problem.
– Next consider the Plastic Properties and deformation and see how the
result changes.
a
Section A-A
Length, L 100.0 in 2.54 m

a 1.0 in 25.4 mm
b 2.0 in 50.8 mm
Young’s Modulus 30.0 x 106 lb/in2 207 GPa
Yield Stress 65000 lb/in2 450 MPa
Poisson’s Ratio 0.3 0.3
P 6000 lb 27200 N
WS2 - 5
Workshop 2A Pre-Processing Data Patran
1. Open a Database with MSC.MARC for Analysis Code
2. Create a 100”x2”surface
3. Create a Mesh Seed of 8 elements along the axis and 1 element through
the width.
4. Mesh the surface with Quad4 finite elements using the IsoMesh Mesher.
5. Create an isotropic material with Young’s modulus = 3e7, Poisson's ratio =
0.3, and mass density = 0.00074.
6. Create a physical property, apply the isotropic material to the entire surface
and set thickness = 1.
7. Create boundary conditions:
• Fix one short edge in the X and Y direction.
• Create a point load with a magnitude of 6000 lb in the negative Y direction, apply
to a node on the free end.
8. Run a linear analysis with default setup.
• Select linear static analysis.
• Select assumed strain.

WS2 - 6
• Suggested Exercise Steps (Cont.)
Workshop 2B Post-Processing Data in Patran
9. Access the *.t16 results.
10.Post-Process using Patran
• Plot deformed shape
• Graph Y displacement along the top edge
• Graph Y displacement vs. time
Workshop 2C Nonlinear Analysis of Cantilever Beam

11. Create a nonlinear analysis.
• Create a nonlinear load step.
12. Access the *.t16 results.
13. Post-Process using Patran
• Plot deformed shape
• Graph Y displacement along the top edge
• Graph Y displacement vs. time
14. Compare results with workshop 2B
15. Improve the results by increasing the Mesh Density.

WS2 - 7
a
Create a new database named

tip_load:
New, in the Defaults group.
b. Enter File name: tip_load.
c. Click OK
d. Pull down the Analysis Code to
MSC.Marc
e. Click OK
b c

WS2 - 8
Step 2. Create a Geometry
Create the surface.

a. Under the Geometry tab, pull
down Select > XYZ from the
a
Surface group
b. Enter Vector Coordinates List:
<100 2 0>
c. Click Apply.

WS2 - 9
Step 3. Create Mesh Seeds
a
Create the finite element mesh

seeds.
Uniform, in the Mesh Seeds
group.
b. Enter Number = 8
c. Pick the bottom edge of the
surface.
d. Enter Number = 1.
e. Pick the left edge of the
surface.
The first mesh seed will look like
this: b d
c
The second mesh seed will look like c e
this:

WS2 - 10
a
Mesh the surface with Quad4 finite

element mesh using IsoMesh
Surface in the Mesher group.
b
b. Verify that Quad4 elements are
selected.
c. Click in the Surface List and
screen pick the surface.
d. Click Apply.

WS2 - 11
Step 5. Create Material Properties
a
Create the material property: Steel.

a. Under the Properties tab, click
Isotropic, in the Isotropic
group.
d
b. Enter Material Name: steel e
c. Click Input Properties.
d. Enter the Elastic Modulus =
30e6.
e. Enter the Poisson Ratio = 0.3.
f. Click OK.
b
g. Click Apply.
f
g
WS2 - 12
Step 6. Create Physical Properties
a
Now create the properties of the

beam.
Why do we define this property
as “Plane Stress” rather than
2D Solids in the 2D Properties
“Plane Strain” ?
group.
b. Enter Property Set Name:
beam
c. Pull down Options: Plane The test specimen is free to
Stress. contract in the direction normal
d. Pull down Options: Reduced to its plane, thus developing
Integration. normal strains; the stresses
e. Click Input Properties. normal to the plane are nil.
b
c
The Reduced Integration option
d
is used to prevent shear locking
in bending dominant problems.
e

WS2 - 13
Step 6. Create Physical Properties (Cont.)
a
a. Click Mat Prop Name b
icon. c
b. Select steel.
c. Enter 1.0 as the
Thickness.
d. Click OK.

WS2 - 14
a. Click Select Application
Region.
b. Click Select Members.
c. Select Surface or Face icon.
d. Select the surface.
e. Click Add b
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply. e
d
f

WS2 - 15
Step 7. Create Boundary Conditions
a
Create a fixed constrain on Left

a. Under Loads/BCs tab, click
Displacement Constraint, in
Nodal group. d
b. Enter fixed as the New Set
Name.
c. Click Input Data.
d. Enter <0,0, > for the
Translations.
e. Click OK.
b

WS2 - 16
Step 7. Create Boundary Conditions (Cont.)
Region.
b. Verify Geometry is the
Geometry Filter. b
c. Click Select Geometry
Entities panel.
d. Select Curve or Edge icon.
e. Select the Left Edge of the
surface. c
f. Click Add. f
g. Click OK.
h. Click Apply.
After you click Apply,

Fixed should appear in
d
the “Existing Sets” box.
g
a
h

WS2 - 17
a
Create the load to be placed on

the right tip.
a. Under the Loads/BCs tab, click
Force, in the Nodal group.
d
b. Enter New Set Name:
tip_load
d. Enter Force = < ,-6000, >
e. Click OK.

WS2 - 18
Region. b
b. Verify Geometry as the
Geometry Filter.
c. Click in Select Geometry
Entities Panel.
d. Select Point or Vertex icon. c
e. Select the top-right point of the f
beam surface.
f. Click Add.
g. Click OK.
h. Click Apply.
d
g
e
The Tip_Load
force should
look like this a
once applied.
h

WS2 - 19
Step 8. Set up and Run a Linear Static Analysis
a
Running a linear analysis

a. Under the Analysis tab,
click Entire Model, in the d
Analyze group.
b. Enter Job Name
linear_job1
c. Click Job Parameters
d. Pull down MSC.Marc i
Version and select 2017.
e. Check Assumed Strain.
f. Uncheck Use Tables.
g. Click OK. j
h. Click Load Step
Creation.
b
e
i. Enter Job Step Name:
Linear_case.
j. Pull down Solution Type
to Static (Single Incr.) c
k. Click Apply then Cancel. k k h
Regarding the fact that this is a bending dominant
problem with a first order coarse mesh, the Assumed
Strain parameter should be used. It will be discussed
f
in more details by the end of the workshop. g
WS2 - 20
(Cont.)
a. Click Load Step Selection.
b. Select Linear_case from
the Existing Job Steps.
c. Click Default Static Step, to b
unselect it from the Selected
Job Steps.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply to launch the
MSC Marc analysis.
c
a
e
d
WS2 - 21
(Cont.)
Monitor the linear job. a
a. Action: Monitor Object: Job
b. In Available Jobs select
Linear_Job1
c. Click View Status File.
d. This form will automatically
update during the analysis.
The Job is complete when an
Exit Number appears. Exit b
Number 3004 means Normal
Termination.
e. Close the Status File Window.
c
d

WS2 - 22
WORKSHOP 2B
POST-PROCESSING DATA IN PATRAN
(LINEAR ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM)

WS2 - 23
Step 9. Access Results
a
When the analysis is done, read

the results for post-processing.
a. Under the Analysis Tab,
Click Attach, in the Access c
Results group.
b. Click Select Results File.
c. Select linear_job1.t16.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply. This action will
make the results available
for post-processing.
d

WS2 - 24
Step 10. Post-Process using Patran
b
Plot the deformed shape g
a. Under the Results tab, Click Fringe/Deformation, in
the Quick Plot group.
h
b. From the Select Results Cases. select
Linear_Case,A1: Incr =0, Time=0.000000
c. Under the Select Fringe Result, select
Displacement, Translation c
d. Pull down Quantity to Y Component for
e. Under Select Deformation Result. Select
Displacement, Translation.
f. Click Apply. d
g. Click the Fit View button.
h. Click the Zoom Out button. e
f
WS2 - 25
Step 10. Post-Process using Patran (Cont.)

WS2 - 26
a
Create path plot of Y displacement b

along top edge
a. Under the Results tab, click
Graph in the Results Plots
group.
b. Select Linear_case.
A1:Incr=0,Time=0.00000 as
the Select Result Cases c
c. Pull down Y: to Result
d. Under the Select Y Result, d
select Displacement,
Translation
e. Pull down Quantity to Y
Component
f. Pull down X: to Path Length
g. Click Target Entities icon e
f

WS2 - 27
b
a. Click Select Path

Points
b. Select two nodes as
shown on top edge (first
select the Left one, Hold
Shift key and then Next
the node at the tip End.)
c. Enter Points Per
a
Segment: 10
d. Click Apply.
c

WS2 - 28
Theoretical Calculations
The maximum Y deflection of the beam can be taken directly off of

the displayed spectrum/range. The largest value should
correspond to a magnitude of 90.7, which is in fair agreement with
our hand calculation of 100. You may still improve this by
remeshing using two elements over the height of the section
instead of just one as you have it now. (You will be asked to do
this after your have run a nonlinear analysis of present mesh.)
Linear beam theory assumes plane sections remain planar and
deflections are small relative to length of the beam. As can be
clearly seen by this analysis, the deflection is very large and this
Linear beam theory predicts the maximum beam analysis is in violation of the underlying assumptions used for
deflection in the Y-direction and stress to be: linear beam theory.
These results match the linear hand calculations and also show
that the small deformation assumption is not valid and therefore, a
U max =
(PL )
3
=
4 PL3 non-linear, large deformation analysis needs to be performed. In
3EI E × ab3 large deformation analysis, the bending and axial stiffness are
coupled. Thus, as the cantilever beam deflects, a portion of the
6,000 × (100)
3
load P puts the beam in tension which tends to stiffen the beam in
U max = = 100
30 × 106 × (1) × (2) bending (i.e. “geometric stiffness”). Thus, one would expect to see
3
a much smaller deformation in the large deformation analysis as

M max × b 6 PL
σ max = = compared to the small deformation analysis. To set up a large
a(b )
2
I deformation analysis, one needs to change the analysis set-up
and re-submit the job to Marc.
6 × 6,000 × 100
σ max = = 900,000
1 × (2)
2

WS2 - 29
WORKSHOP 2C
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVER
BEAM

WS2 - 30
Step 11. Run Nonlinear Analysis
a
Create a Nonlinear load

step:
a. Under the Analysis
tab, click Entire
Model in the Analyze
group.
b. Enter Job Name: f
nonlinear_case
c. Click Job
b
Parameters.
d. Click OK. g
e. Click Load Step h
Creation.
f. Enter Nonlinear_case c
for Load Step Name e
g. Pull down Solution
Type to Static.
h. Click Solution
Parameters. d
WS2 - 31
Step 11. Run Nonlinear Analysis (Cont.)
Changing the static solution parameters
a. Click on Load Increment Params…
b. Enter [Maximum Time Step:]: 0.05
c. Click OK.
d. Click Iteration Parameters.
b
e. Pull down Initial Stress Stiffness to
None
f. Check Residual/Displacements: Or
g. Click OK twice.
h. Click Apply. a
i. Click Cancel. d
e
Note:
Sometimes
c
changing the g
defaults will
make the f
solution
converged or
more accurate.
h i g
WS2 - 32
Step 11. Run Nonlinear Analysis (Cont.)
a. Click Load Step
Selection.
b. Click Default Static
Step, to deselect it from
the Selected Job Steps.
c. Select Nonlinear_case
from the Existing Job
Steps.
d. Click OK.
b
e. Click Apply to launch the
Marc analysis.
e
d
WS2 - 33
Step 12. Post-Process using Patran
a
When the analysis is done, read

the results for post-processing.
a. Under the Analysis Tab, click
Attach in the Access Results
group.
c. Select nonlinear_case.t16.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply. This action will c d
make the results available for
post-processing.

WS2 - 34
a
Plot the deformed shape:

a. Under the Results tab, click Fringe/Deformation, in
the Quick Plot group.
b
b. Select the last increment under the Select Results
Cases g
c. Under the Select Fringe Results Select h c
Displacement, Translation
d. Pull down Quantity to Y Component .
e. Under the Select Deformation Result, select
Displacement, Translation d
f. Click Apply.
g. Click Fit View button.
h. Click Zoom Out button. e

WS2 - 35

WS2 - 36
a
h
b
Create path plot of Y displacement

along top edge
a. Under the Results tab, click Graph in
the Results Plots group.
b. Click subcase Expand icon. c
c. Under Select Results Cases, select
the last increment d
d. Pull down Y to Result.
e. Select Displacement, Translation e
for Select Y Result.
f. Pull down Quantity to Y component
g. Select Path Length for X-Axis.
h. Click Target Entity.
f
g

WS2 - 37
a. Click Select Path Points
b. Select two nodes as shown b
on top edge (first select the
Left one, Hold Shift key and
then Next the node at the tip
End.)
c. Enter Points Per Segment:
10.
d. Click Apply.

WS2 - 38
a
b i
Create History plot of Y displacement along top edge

a. Under the Results tab, click Graph in the Results
Plots group. c
b. Click Select Results.
c. Under the Select Result Cases click
Nonlinear_case.A1:Incr=0,Time=0.00000 then
scroll down and Shift +click the last increment to
select all result cases. d
d. Pull down Y to Result.
e. Select Displacement, Translation for Select Y e
Result.
f. Pull down Quantity to Y Component.
g. Pull down X to Global Variable.
h. Pull down Variable to Time.
i. Click Target Entities.
f
g
h

WS2 - 39
Selecting the target node for

History Plot
a. Click in the Select Nodes
text box.
b. Select the top right Node
as shown.
c. Click Apply.
a

WS2 - 40
Step 13. Compare Your Results
• Compare the results
– Finally get the maximum Y deflection from the fringe spectrum/range.
Compare your results with those shown below.
Small Large Deflection

Deflection
Marc (8X1 Mesh) -99.60 -59.20
Theory -100.0 -58.59
– Compare the quick plots obtained with both jobs. (Next Page)
– Create an animation by selecting the Animate Results Icon in the Results
form.

WS2 - 41
Step 13. Compare Your Results (Cont.)
As shown in the results obtained, inclusion of large deformation effects are very
important in realistically modeling the physical behavior of the cantilever model.
Linear Nonlinear
Notice the horizontal displacement in the nonlinear solution

WS2 - 42
Various Mesh Results
Maximum Y Displacement of Beam Tip Mesh Density

for Different Mesh Densities and
Element Formulations 8X1 8X2 16X4 32X8
-6.20 in. -6.23 in. -21.0 in. -51.5 in.

Standard
Integration Assumed
Linear Strain -99.6 in. -98.9 in. -99.5 in. -99.8 in.
Reduced -99.6 in. -98.9 in. -99.5 in. -99.8 in.

Integration
-6.19 in. -6.22 in. -20.2 in. -42.5 in.

Standard
Integration Assumed
NonLinear Strain -58.9 in. -58.9 in. -60.9 in. -61.1 in.
Reduced -59.2 in. -58.9 in. -60.9 in. -61.1 in.

Integration
Notice the amount of error as a result of using the Standard formulation Plane-Stress Element without tuning on
the Assumed Strain Parameter. This inaccuracy is due to the shear-locking of the element. The Assumed
Strain and Reduced Integration options correct for this inaccuracy.
By Default, the Assumed Strain Parameter is turned OFF. Turn this option on when using Standard Integration
Plane Strain, Plane Stress, or Hex Elements. (Element Types 3, 7, and 11)

WS2 - 43
Close the Patran Session
It is recommended to Quit Patran after each workshop.

If we just Close the current database and create a new one for the next
workshop, some of the data entered on the forms will remain there.
When we Quit Patran, the open database will be saved and Patran will
terminate. When we re-start Patran, all of the forms will be reset with the
default values.

WS2 - 44
WORKSHOP 3
PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF
CANTILEVER BEAM

WS3 - 1
WS3 - 2
– Plastic Deformation
– Patran 2017
– Marc 2017.1
• Required Files
– No supporting file is required.

WS3 - 3
– In this exercise, a cantilever beam is subjected to a static load. The beam is
initially analyzed using small deformation theory. However, after reviewing
the results, it becomes apparent that small deformation theory is not
appropriate for this problem. Subsequently, a large deformation analysis is
performed and its results are compared to the small deformation analysis.
Section A-A
(Data in next page)

WS3 - 4
– The model is made using eight 2D plane stress, assumed strain, reduced
integration (type 114) elements. The elements are uniformly spaced along
the length of the beam (i.e. a mesh, eight elements wide and four elements
deep). The assumed strain, reduced integration element is designed
specifically for in-plane bending and is well suited for this problem.
– Next consider the Plastic Properties and deformation and see how the
result changes.
a
Section A-A
Length, L 100.0 in 2.54 m

a 1.0 in 25.4 mm
b 2.0 in 50.8 mm
Young’s Modulus 30.0 x 106 lb/in2 207 GPa
Yield Stress 65000 lb/in2 450 MPa
Poisson’s Ratio 0.3 0.3
P 6000 lb 27200 N
WS3 - 5
1. Open a Database with MSC.MARC for Analysis Code Name it tip_load.db
2. Create a 100”x2”surface
3. Create a Mesh Seed of 8 elements along the axis and 1 elements through
the width.
4. Mesh the surface with Quad4 finite elements using the IsoMesh Mesher.
5. Create an isotropic material with Young’s modulus = 3e7, Poisson's ratio =
0.3, and mass density = 0.00074.
6. Create a Plastic Property Table
(plastic range slope as 10% slope of Elastic range)
7. Adding Plastic Property to the Material
8. Create a physical property, apply the isotropic material to the entire surface
and set thickness = 1.

WS3 - 6
• Suggested Exercise Steps (Cont.):
9. Create boundary conditions:
• Fix one short edge in the X and Y direction.
• Create a point load with a magnitude of 6000 lb in the negative Y direction, apply
to a node on the free end.
• Plotting Plastic Strain (Global)
10.Adjusting the Non-Linear Job Running the Analysis – Monitoring the
Results
• Analyzing Nonlinear, with Assumed Strain
• Adjusting Relative Residual Force to 0.001
• Requesting outputs: Strain Plastic Component (global) (431)
11.Attach the Result File
12.Post-Process with Patran
• View results by plotting the Y Displacement
• Plot Total Strain
• Plot Global Plastic Strain

WS3 - 7
a

tip_load:
b. Enter tip_load as File name.
c. Click OK.
d. Select MSC.Marc as the
Analysis Code.
e. Click OK.
b c

WS3 - 8
Step 2. Create a Geometry
Create the surface.

XYZ from the Surface Action
Group
a
b. Enter <100,2,0> as the Vector
Coordinates List.
c. Click Apply.

WS3 - 9
Step 3. Create Mesh Seeds
a
Create the finite element mesh

seeds.
a. Under the Meshing Tab, Click
Uniform, in the Mesh Seeds
group.
b. Enter Number = 8.
c. Pick the bottom edge of the
surface.
d. Enter Number = 4.
e. Pick the left edge of the
surface.
The first mesh seed will look like

this: b d
c
The second mesh seed will look like
this: c e
e

WS3 - 10
a
Create the finite element mesh.

Surface in the Meshers group.
b. Verify that Quad4 elements are
selected.
c. Click in the Surface List text b
box.
d. Select the surface in view port.
e. Click Apply.
c

WS3 - 11
a
Create the material property: Steel.

d
group.
b. Enter Material Name: steel e
d. Enter Elastic Modulus = 30e6.
e. Enter Poisson Ratio = 0.3.
f. Click OK. b
g. Click Apply.
g
f
WS3 - 12
Step 6. Create Plastic Property Table
a
a. Under the Properties tab, click f

Material in the Fields group.
b. Enter plastic_s_e as the Field name.
c. Uncheck the Temperature (T).
b
d. Check Strain (e).
e. Click Input Data.
f. Enter the data shown in the table
behind and hit enter. c
g. Click OK. d
h. Click Apply.
(65000 is Yield Stress and 30E6 is

Young Modulus, considering plastic g
range slope as 10% slope of Elastic e
range so another point on the curve
can be calculated as follows for the Strain Stress
table
(0.1*30E6*0.5+65E3 = 1.565E6) 0 65000
0.5 1.565E6
h

WS3 - 13
Step 7. Apply Plastic Property to the Material
a
Modify existing material c

a. Under the Properties tab, d
click Isotropic, in the
Isotropic group.
b. Select steel from the Existing
Materials.
c. Pull down Constitutive Model
to Plastic.
d. Pull down Type to Elastic-
Plastic.
e. Select plastic_s_e from the e
Temperature/Strain/Strain
Rate Dependent Fields.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
f
g

WS3 - 14
Step 8. Create Physical Properties
a
Now create the properties of the

beam. Why do we define this property as
“Plane Stress” rather than “Plane
Strain” ?
2D Solids in the 2D Properties
group.
b. Enter Property Set Name:
beam The test specimen is free
to contract in the direction
c. Pull down Options: Plane
normal to its plane, thus
Stress. developing normal strains;
d. Pull down Options: Reduced the stresses normal to the
Integration. plane are nil.
e. Click Input Properties. b
c
d
e

WS3 - 15
a. Click Mat Prop Name a

icon. b
b. Select steel. c
c. Enter 1.0 as the
Thickness.
d. Click OK.

WS3 - 16
Region.
c. Select Surface or Face icon.
d. Select the surface.
e. Click Add b
f. Click OK. e
g. Click Apply.
d a

WS3 - 17
a
Create a fixed constrain on Left

a. Under the Loads/BCs tab, click Displacement
Constraint, in the Nodal group.
b. Enter New Set Name: fixed d
d. Enter Translations <T1 T2 T3> : <0,0, >
e. Click OK.

WS3 - 18
a. Click Select Application Region.
b. Verify Geometry is the Geometry b
Filter.
c. Click Select Geometry Entities
panel.
d. Select Curve or Edge icon.
e. Select the left edge of the surface. c
f. Click Add.
f
g. Click OK.
h. Click Apply.
a
h

WS3 - 19
a
Create the load to be placed on the right tip.

a. Under the Loads/BCs tab, click Force,
in the Nodal group.
b. Enter tip_load as the New Set Name.
d
d. Enter < ,-6000, > for the Force.
e. Click OK.
f. Click Select Application Region.
c
f

WS3 - 20
a
a. Verify Geometry as the Geometry Filter. b

b. Click in Select Geometry Entities Panel.
e
c. Select Point or Vertex icon.
d. Select the top-right point of the beam
surface.
e. Click Add.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply. c
The Tip_Load force should

look like this once applied.

WS3 - 21
Step 10. Analyze the Model-Nonlinear
a
Run a nonlinear analysis.

a. Under the Analysis tab, Click Entire
Model, in the Analyze group.
b. Enter Job Name: nonlinear_job1
c. Click Job Parameters…
d. Verify that the MSC.Marc Version is 2017 d
and the Output File Format is 2007. b
e. Check Assumed Strain.
e
f. Click OK.
f
WS3 - 22
Step 10. Analyze the Model-Nonlinear (Cont.)
a. Click Load Step Creation.
b. Click Default Static Step. For most cases, the default
c. Enter Nonlinear_case as the Load Step Name. value of 0.1 is sufficient. Due to
d. Click Solution Parameters. the course mesh and large
deformation, reducing this
e. Click Iteration Parameters. parameter increases the
f. Enter 0.001 for the Relative Residual Force. accuracy of the results and
produces better results.
g. Click OK.
h. Click OK.
f d
e
a
g h
WS3 - 23
Request Outputs for Analysis
a. Click Output Requests…
b. Click Select Elements Results…
c. Select STRAIN, PLASTIC
COMPONENTS (global system)(431)
d. Click OK.
e. Click OK.
c
f. Click Apply.
g. Click Cancel.
e f g d
WS3 - 24
a. Click Load Step
Selection.
b. Click Default Static Step
to de-select it.
c. Select Nonlinear_case
from the Existing Job
Steps.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply.
b
“NonLinear_Job1”
should appear in the
“Available Jobs” box. c
After you Select Default Static

Step under Selected Job
Steps, it should disappear
under Selected Job Steps.
The final form should look like
the one to the right. a
e
d

WS3 - 25
Monitor the nonlinear job or view
the Status File
a. Action: Monitor Object: Job.
a
b. Select nonlinear_job1 as the
Job Name.
c. Click on View Status File.
d. Close the Status File Window.
d

WS3 - 26
Step 11. Attach the Nonlinear Results
a
Read Results from the nonlinear

analysis.
a. Under the Analysis tab, click
Attach, in the Access Results
group. c
c. Select nonlinear_job1.t16.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply.

WS3 - 27
Step 12. Post-Process with Patran
a
Post-Processing the nonlinear job.

a. Under the Results tab, click Fringe/
Deformation in the Quick Plot group. b
b. Select the last increment.
c. Select Displacement, Translation
from the Select Fringe Result. c
d. Pull down Quantity to Y Component.
e. Select Displacement, Translation
from the Select Deformation Result.
f. Click Apply. d

WS3 - 28
Step 12. Post-Process with Patran (Cont.)

WS3 - 29
Plot Total Strain

a. Select Strain, Total as the Fringe Results.
b. Click Apply.

WS3 - 30
Plot Global Plastic Strain
a. Select Strain, Plastic Global System as the Fringe Results.
b. Click Apply.

WS3 - 31
WS3 - 32
WORKSHOP 4
ANALYSIS OF A RUBBER SEAL

WS4 - 1
WS4 - 2
– Perform large displacement/ large strain analysis.
– Perform contact analysis using rigid-deformable contact.
– Create a hyperelastic material model.
• Software Version:
– Patran 2017
– Marc 2017.1
• Files Required:
– rubber_seal.ses
• Problem Description:
– In this exercise we analyze a door seal. The purpose of the analysis is to
examine the stresses and deflections created during the closing of a door.
The seal is made of a rubber material and therefore will be modeled using
hyperelastic material properties. The door is considered very stiff relative to
the rubber seal and can be modeled as a rigid body.

WS4 - 3
1. Create a new database named rubber_seal.db
2. Build model from session file rubber_seal.ses.
3. Mesh all surfaces with quad elements of 0.015 edge length.
4. Check the model for free edges.
5. Remove duplicate nodes.
6. Re-check the model for free edges.
7. Verify the element normals.
8. Change the incorrect normals to point in the positive Z direction.
9. Create a fixed boundary condition on the bottom of the seal.
10.Define the deformable contact body.
11.Define the rigid contact body.
12.Preview the rigid body motion.
13.Create the rubber material.
14.Define the element properties.
15.Create the load step named closed_door

WS4 - 4
• Suggested Steps (Cont.)
16.Select the load step and run the analysis
17.Monitor the job
18.Attach the results file
19.Plot the strain results
20.Create a graph of load vs. displacement
21.Quit Patran

WS4 - 5
a
Create a new database:

a. Pull down File > New.
b. Enter rubber_seal as
the File name.
c. Click OK. d
d. Select MSC.Marc as
the Analysis Code.
e. Click OK.
b c
e

WS4 - 6
Step 2. Build Model from Session File
Build the model from the

session file rubber_seal.ses:
a. Pull down File > Session
> Play.
b. Select rubber_seal.ses a
as the File name.
c. Click Apply.
Note: This action will run
the session file. Please do
not interrupt it. b

WS4 - 7
a
Mesh all surfaces with quad

elements of 0.015 edge length.
Create the mesh on the 4-sided

b
surfaces:
a. Under the Meshing tab, click c
Surface in the Meshers group
b. Pull down IsoMesh as the
Mesher. c
c. Pick all three green surfaces
(Surface 1:3).To select multiple d
surfaces, hold the SHIFT key e
down while picking.
d. Uncheck Automatic
Calculation.
e. Enter 0.015 as the Value.
f. Click Apply.
f

WS4 - 8
Step 3. Create a Mesh (Cont.)
Create the mesh on the

multi-sided surface.
a. Pull down Paver as the
Mesher.
b. Select the bottom
(magenta) surface
(Surface 4).
c. Verify that 0.015 is used
for Value. a
d. Click Apply. b

WS4 - 9
Step 4. Check the Model for Free Edges
Check the model for free edges:

a. Click Verify in the FEM
Actions group. c
b. Click Apply.
c. Note that 4 free edges were
found.
This action will show where there

are free element edges. Free
element edges are essentially
‘cracks’ in the model where b
duplicate nodes exist. Patran will
not automatically remove
duplicate nodes when meshing
congruent surfaces like the ones
in this model. Step 5 will show the c
Equivalence action to remove
duplicate nodes.

WS4 - 10
Step 5. Remove the Duplicate Nodes
a
Remove duplicate nodes:

a. Click Equivalence in the
FEM Actions group
b. Click Apply.
c
c. The merged nodes are
circled in magenta
Equivalence any duplicate nodes created during meshing.

This process will merge all co-located nodes.

WS4 - 11
Step 6. Re-check the Model for Free Edges
Re-check for free edges:

a. Click Verify in the FEM
Actions group.
b. Click Apply.
c. Notice that after the
equivalence operation the c
interior free edges are gone.
d. Click Reset Graphics.
d
b

WS4 - 12
Step 7. Verify the Element Normals
Verify the element normals:

a. Pull down Test to Normals.
b. Select Draw Normal Vectors. a
c. Click Apply.
d. Under the Home tab, click Iso1
View in the Orientation group.
b
Since this is a 2-D solid model, all element

normals must point in the positive Z-
direction. Verify the element normals. The
normals that point in the wrong direction
will need to be corrected in the next step.

WS4 - 13
Step 8. Reverse Incorrect Normals
e
Change incorrect normals to point

in the positive Z direction:
a. Click the Display Only icon to
toggle to Reverse Elements
mode.
b. Pick any element with a normal
pointing in the positive Z-
direction as the guiding a
element.
c. Click Apply.
d. Click Reset Graphics.
b
e. Click the Front View Icon.

WS4 - 14
Step 9. Create Fixed Boundary Condition
a
Create a fixed boundary condition

on the bottom of the rubber seal:
Displacement in the Nodal
group. d
b. Enter fixed as the New Set
Name.
Translation.
e. Click OK.
b

WS4 - 15
Step 9. Create Fixed Boundary Condition (Cont.)
b. Select Curve or Edge on the Picking
Filters toolbar.
c. Select the bottom edge of the seal.
d. Click Add.
e. Click OK.
f. Click Apply.
After the fixed boundary condition is applied,

the model appears as shown. d
c
a
f

WS4 - 16
Step 10. Define the Deformable Contact Body
a
Create the deformable contact body:

a. Click Deformable in the Contact Bodies group.
b. Enter seal as the New Set Name.
c. Pull down 2D as the Target Element Type.
d. Click Select Application Region.
e. Select all four surfaces.
f. Click Add.
g. Click OK.
f
h. Click Apply.
g b
d
h

WS4 - 17
Step 11. Define the Rigid Contact Body
a
Create the rigid contact body: f b

a. Click Rigid in the Contact
bodies group.
b. Confirm Rigid Body as the
Option.
c. Enter Door as the New Set g
Name.
d. Pull down 1D as the Target
Element Type.
e. Click Input Data.
f. Check Flip Contact Side
(Flipping the Contact Side is
needed, because of the c
orientations of the curves
representing the door) d
g. Enter <-0.1, -0.7, 0> for
Velocity.
e
h. Click OK.
h
WS4 - 18
Step 11. Define the Rigid Contact Body (Cont.)
Region…
b. Select all three curves defining
the rigid surface (Curve 2:4).
The rigid contact
c. Click Add. markers point toward the
d. Click OK. inside of the rigid body.
e. Click Apply. Think of them as tick
marks representing a
f. You will now see the contact wall. If the tick marks are c
tick (pink) marks along the reversed, Modify the
three curves. Contact Body and flip the
contact side on the
Modify Data Form.
Curve 3 Curve 4
f Curve 2
b
e
WS4 - 19
Step 12. Preview the Rigid Body Motion
Preview the Rigid Body Motion:

a. Click Preview Motion. b
b. Under Existing Sets, select
door.
c. Click Preview Motion.
d. The Rigid Body should move in
the prescribed motion that was
entered on the Input Data form.
The ending position of the rigid
body is shown below.
e. Click OK when finished
c
examining the motion.
e
d a

WS4 - 20
Step 13. Create the Rubber Material
a
Define the rubber material:

Isotropic in the Isotropic group. d
b. Enter rubber as the Material Name. e
d. Pull down Hyperelastic for the
Constitutive Model.
f
e. Pull down Mooney-Rivlin for the Model.
g
f. Enter 80 as the Strain Energy Function,
C10.
g. Enter 20 as the Strain Energy Function, b
C01.
h. Click OK.
i. Click Apply.
The material’s constitutive model used

in this analysis is an Incompressible c
Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic formulation.
Make sure that the analysis code is set
for MSC Marc under references-
Analysis. h i

WS4 - 21
Step 14. Define the Element Properties
a
Define the Element Properties:

a. Click 2D Solid in the 2D
Properties group.
b. Enter Seal as the Property Set In this step, you will be defining the element
Name. properties for the rubber seal. The seal will be
c. Pull down Plane Strain as the modeled using a 2-D Solid (Plane Strain)
Option. Herrmann element/reduced integration
formulation. The rubber material will be
d. Pull down assigned to this property.
Hybrid(Herrmann)/Red. Int.
e. Click Input Properties. Incompressible hyperelastic materials
require the use of the Herrmann
formulation. b
c
d

WS4 - 22
Step 14. Define the Element Properties (Cont.)
a. Click on the Mat Prop Name icon.
b. Choose rubber under the Select Existing Material.
c. Click OK. b
e. Click in the Select Members collection box and select all
four surfaces.
f. Click Add.
g. Click OK.
h. Click Apply.
c g
WS4 - 23
Step 15. Create Load Step
a
d
Create a load step named
close door:
click Entire Model in
the Analyze group.
b. Enter rubber_seal as
the Job Name.
c. Click Job Parameters.
d. Pull down Marc h
Version to 2017
e
e. Make sure Output File
Format is set to 2005 b
f. Click OK.
g. Click Load Step
Creation …
h. Enter close door as
the Load Step Name. i c
g
i. Click Output
Requests.
f
WS4 - 24
Step 15. Create Load Step (Cont.)
The default Stress quantity that
will be written to the output file
will not work with the Herrmann
a. Click Select Element Results. Elements for Rubber Materials.
b. Select STRESS, We have to switch the stress
result quantity with one that will
COMPONENTS (311) under
give us stress results to look at
Available Request Types. during post-processing. If we
c. Click OK. keep the default settings, the
d. Click OK. stress results will all be equal to
b zero during post-processing.
e. Click Apply.
f. Click Cancel.
e f c d

WS4 - 25
Step 16. Select Load Case and Run the Analysis
Select the load case:

a. Click Load Step The Step Select form
Selection… should look like this
b. Deselect Default Static b when you close it.
Step by clicking on it under
the Selected Load Steps
list.
c. Select close door under
Existing Load Steps. It will
be added to the Selected c
Load Steps list below.
d. Click OK.
To run the analysis:

e. Click Apply.
e
d
WS4 - 26
Step 17. Monitor the Job
a
d
Monitor the linear job:
a. Click Monitor Job in
the Actions group.
b
b. Select rubber_seal
under Available Jobs.
c. Click View Status
File…
d. Close the
rubber_seals.sts
Status File Window
when done reviewing
it.
c

WS4 - 27
Step 18. Attach the Results File
a
Attach the results file:

a. Click Attach in the Access
Results group.
b. Click Select Results File…
c
c. Select file, rubber_seal.t16
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply.

WS4 - 28
Step 19. Plot the Strain Results
a
Plot the strain results.

a. Under the Results tab,
click
Fringe/Deformation in
the Quick plot group.
b
b. Select all of the result
cases.
c. Select Strain, Total as
the Fringe Result.
d. Select Displacement, c
Translation as the
Deformation Result.
e. Click Apply.
When post-processing nonlinear Results, a quick way to see an

animation of the increments is to select all of the result cases in
the Quick Plot form. Patran will plot the desired results of each
load case with a few second delay between each one e

WS4 - 29
Step 20. Create a Graph of Load vs.
Displacement
a
Create a graph of Load vs. b

Displacement:
a. Click Graph in the Result Plots
group. c
b. Click the Results Tree icon to
view all of the result cases.
c. Select all of the result cases.
d. Pull down Global Variable for Y. d
e. Pull down Body door, Force Y e
for Variable.
f. Pull down Global Variable for X.
g. Pull down Time for Variable.
h. Click Apply.
f
g

WS4 - 30
Step 20. Create a Graph of Load vs.
Displacement (Cont.)
a. The plot shows the total

body force required to a
compress the rubber seal.
b. To delete the plot, click
Delete Plots in the Result c
Actions group.
c. Select
GRA_default_Graph.
d. Click Apply.
d
One nice feature of Marc rigid bodies is that they automatically sum all
nodal loads from the interaction with the deformable body. As a result,
we can obtain the total force required to compress the seal without
having to manually sum up the individual nodal reaction loads.

WS4 - 31
Step 21. Quit Patran

WS4 - 32
WORKSHOP 5
HERTZ CONTACT ANALYSIS

WS5 - 1
WS5 - 2
– A steel cylinder with a radius of 5” is pressed against a 2” deep aluminum
base. The problem is linear except for the contact condition between the
two parts. Symmetry is used to reduce the model size. The problem is
similar to the Hertz contact problem described by Timoshenko and Goodier
(1951).

WS5 - 3
– Analyze the behavior of two contacting bodies with pressure loads.
– Create a path plot of result quantities.
– Patran 2017
– Marc 2017.1
• Required Files:
– hertz.ses

WS5 - 4
1. Create a new database named hertz.db
2. Import the FE mesh by loading the Mentat procedure file, hertz.proc
3. Create boundary conditions
• Create the Symmetry Boundary Conditions on the left edge of both the plate and
cylinder
• Fix displacement of the bottom edge of the plate in the Y direction
• Create a (edge) pressure load of 200000, on the top face of cylinder. (Hint: Create
a table to ramp the pressure with time)
4. Define the plate and cylinder as separate deformable contact bodies
5. Create isotropic material properties
• Steel: Young’s modulus = 3e7, Poisson's ratio = 0.3, apply to cylinder elements
• Aluminum: Young’s modulus = 1e7, Poisson's ratio = 0.33, apply to plate
elements
6. Create a plane strain geometric property and set thickness = 1

WS5 - 5
7. Create a job
• Setup and launch the Nonlinear Static Analysis.
• Create Contact Table and Select Automatic as the Contact Detection Method
• In the custom nodal quantity menu, select displacement, reaction force, contact
status and contact normal stress
• Submit model for analysis
8. Monitor the Job
9. Attach the results
10. Show the Contact Region
11. Plot the Component Stresses
12. View equivalent Von Mises stress results
13. Create a Reference Coordinate System for Plate Elements
14. Create a Graph of Stress vs. Depth
15. Quit Patran

WS5 - 6
a
Create a new database. Name it

Hertz.db.
b. Enter Hertz as the file name.
c. Click OK.
Analysis Code.
e. Click OK.
d
b c

WS5 - 7
Step 2. Run the Provided Session File
Import the necessary geometry

by playing the session file.
a. Pull down File > Session >
Play…
b. Select hertz.ses. a
c. Click Apply.

WS5 - 8
a
Create a boundary condition for

the symmetry boundary at X=0.
a. Under the Loads/BCs tab click
Displacement Constraint in d
the Nodal group.
b. Enter sym-x as the New Set
Name.
d. Enter <0, , > for the
Translations.
e. Click OK.
b

WS5 - 9
Choose these edges for the b
symmetry boundary
condition.
d
e
Create a boundary condition for
the symmetry boundary at X=0
(Cont.).
Region.
b. Choose Geometry as the f
Geometry Filter. c
c. Select Curve or Edge icon.
d. Select the three left edges of
the Cylinder and Plate as the
Application Region.
e. Click Add.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
This boundary condition will

constrain all of the nodes on
the selected edges in the X=0 a
plane. The nodes are free to
move in the Y-Direction. g
WS5 - 10
Create a boundary condition to

hold the bottom of the plate in the
Y Direction.
a. Enter hold-Y as the New Set
Name.
b. Click Input Data. c
c. Enter < ,0, > for the
Translations.
d. Click OK.

WS5 - 11
Choose this edge for the b
hold boundary condition.
d
Create a boundary condition to
hold the bottom of the plate in the
Y Direction (Cont.)
a. Click Select Application e
Region.
b. Choose Geometry as the
Geometry Filter.
c. Select Curve or Edge icon.
d. Select the Bottom Edge of the
c
Plate as the Application
Region.
e. Click Add.
f
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.

hold-Y should appear
in the “Existing Sets”
box.
a

WS5 - 12
a
Create the Pressure load.

a. Under the Loads>BCs tab click
Pressure form the Element
Uniform group.
b. Enter Pressure as the New Set
Name.
c. Select 2D as the Target
Element Type.
e
d. Click Input Data.
e. Enter 20000 for the Edge
Pressure.
f. Click OK.
d
f

WS5 - 13
Create the Pressure load (Cont.)
a. Click Select Application b
Region. d
b. Choose Geometry as the
Geometry Filter.
c. Click in Edges panel.
d. Select the top two edges of the
cylinder (Surface 3.3 & 4.2). e
e. Click Add.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
f
The model should look like
the image to the right. You
may need to click the Fit
View toolbar icon to get
the full pressure markers
a
in the View Port.
g

WS5 - 14
Step 4. Define Deformable Contact Body
a
Create a deformable contact body for the cylinder.

a. Under the Loads>BCs tab click Deformable from the Contact
Bodies group.
b. Enter Cylinder as the New Set Name.
c. Select 2D as the Target Element.
d. click Select Application Region.
e. Choose Geometry as the Geometry Fitter.
f. Select the three Surfaces for the Cylinder.
g. Click Add. e
h. Click OK.
i. Click Apply.
g
f b
c
d
h i

WS5 - 15
Step 4. Define Deformable Contact Body (Cont.)
d
e
Create a deformable contact body
for the plate. f
a. Enter Plate as the New Set
Name.
b. Select 2D as the Target
Element Type.
c. click Select Application
Region. g
d. Choose Geometry as the
Geometry Fitter.
e. Select the Surface for the
Plate.
f. Click Add.
a
g. Click OK.
h. Click Apply. b
e
c
h

WS5 - 16
Step 5. Define Material Properties
a
Create the Steel material property.

a. Under the Properties tab click
Isotropic.
b. Enter Steel as the Material
Name. d
c. Click Input Properties. e
d. Enter 30E6 as the Elastic
Modulus.
e. Enter 0.3 as the Poisson Ratio.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply. b
f g

WS5 - 17
Step 5. Define Material Properties (Cont.)
Create the Aluminum material

property.
a. Enter Aluminum as the
Material Name.
b. Click Input Properties. c
c. Enter 10E6 as the Elastic
d
Modulus.
d. Enter 0.33 as the Poisson
Ratio.
e. Click OK.
a
f. Click Apply.
e f

WS5 - 18
Step 6. Define Element Properties
a
Create the element properties

for the cylinder.
a. Under the Properties tab,
click 2D Solid from the 2D
e
Properties group.
b. Enter Cylinder as the
Property Set Name.
c. Select Plane Strain as the
Option.
d. Click Input Properties.
e. Click the Material
Property Name icon. b
f. Select Steel as the
Material Name. f
c
g. Click OK.
d
g

WS5 - 19
Step 6. Define Element Properties (Cont.)
Define Element Properties for the Cylinder (Cont.)

c. Select all three Surfaces in the Cylinder as the b
Application Region.
d. Click Add.
d
e. Click OK
f. Click Apply.
c
a

WS5 - 20
Create the element

properties for the plate. c
a. Enter Plate as the
Property Set Name.
b. Click Input Properties.
c. Click the Material
Property Name icon.
d. Select Aluminum as the
Material Name.
e. Click OK.
a
b
e

WS5 - 21
Define the Element Properties for the Plate (Cont.)

b. Click in Select Members.
c. Select the plate Surface in as the Application
Region.
d. Click Add. b
e. Click OK
d
f. Click Apply.
a
f

WS5 - 22
Step 7. Analyze the Model
a
Setup and launch the Nonlinear

Static Analysis.
Entire Model from the Analyze
group.
b. Click Job Parameters…
c. Check that MSC.Marc Version
is 2017.
d. Click Load Step Creation.
b
d

WS5 - 23
Step 7. Analyze the Model (Cont.)
c
d
a. Click Solution
Parameters.
b. Click Contact Table…
c. Select Automatic as
the Contact Detection
Method.
b
d. Turn off Self-Contact
checking by making
the cells along the
diagonal in the Contact
Table Blank (Click f
twice in each cell to go
from T to G to Blank).
e. Click OK.
f. Click OK. e
a

WS5 - 24
a. Click Output Requests…
b. Click Select Nodal
Results…
c. Select
DISPLACEMENT (1) c
REACTION FORCE (5)
Contact Normal Stress
(34) Contact Status (38) d b
d. Unselect
MARC Nodal POST
CODE Defaults
e. Click OK.
f. Click OK. a
g. Click Apply.
h. Click Yes to overwrite. f
i. Click Cancel. e g i
j. Click Apply.
j
h
WS5 - 25
Monitor the Analysis.
a. Now choose Monitor as Action and Job as Object.
a
b. Select Hertz as the Job Name.
c. Click View Status File.
d. Close the Status File Window.
d

WS5 - 26
Step 9. Attach the Results
a
Once the analysis is complete,

read the results back into the
database.
Attach from the Access c
Results group.
b. Click Select Results File
panel.
c. Select Hertz.t16 file.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply. d

WS5 - 27
Step 10. Show the Contact Region
a
Find the Contact Patch Width.

Fringe/Deformation from the
Quick Plot group.
b. Select the last result case
available from the Select Result
Cases.
c. Select Stress, Contact Normal b
from the Select Fringe Result list.
d. Select Displacement, Translation
from the Select Deformation
Result list.
g c
e. Click Apply.
f. Click the View Corners toolbar
icon.
g. Zoom into the Contact Region
using the click-and-drag technique. d
The Contact Normal Stress
results show the region where
f there is contact occurring.
From this information, we can
find the width of the contact
patch. The steps are on the
e
following pages.
WS5 - 28
Step 10. Show the Contact Region (Cont.)
a

Show in Geometry group.
b. Check Geometry: Show > Point > b
Distance.
c. Select the left most node in the
contact patch.
d. Select the right most node in the
contact patch.
e. The result will be shown in the
summary page that appears. Notice c d
that the Width of the contact patch
is reported as 0.391 inches. This
compares very well to the calculated
‘b’ value from the theory (0.39 inch).
f. Click Cancel when done.
f
WS5 - 29
Hertzian Contact - General Theory
F l = length
One-half the contact patch width
 
b=
[( ) ] [(
2 F  1 − μ12 / E1 + 1 − μ 22 / E2 ) ] 
 d1
lπ   1 + 1  
  d   d   y
  1  2  
Stresses at the x=0 axis x
2F 2b
Pmax =
πbl
  
 1  y 2
y 
σ x = − Pmax 2 − 2 
1+ 2 − 2  d2
 1 + 
y b b
 b 2  
− Pmax 
σy =
 y 2
y 
y2 σ z = −2 μPmax 1 + 2 −
1+ 2  b b 
b 
F
WS5 - 30
Theoretical Results for Our Case
d1 = 10
One-half the contact E1 = 30 x 106
patch width μ1 = .3
 
b=
[( ) ] [( ) ]
2 F  1 − μ12 / E1 + 1 − μ 22 / E2 
 d2 = ∞
d1
lπ  1  
  d   E2 = 10 x 106
  1  μ2 = .33
Note: Since d2 = ∞, the (1>d2) term in the denominator goes to zero. l = 1.0
b = 0.390 in. F = 20,000 psi x 10 in2 =

200,000 lbf
Maximum Stress
2F Hertzian Stresses Below the Surface
Pmax =
πbl 50000
Sigma-XX
Sigma-YY
0 Sigma-ZZ
Pmax= 326 ksi -50000
Stress (psi) -100000
Using the equations on the previous -150000
page and the values from our model, -200000

we can calculate the theoretical
stresses below the surface in the -250000
aluminum plate. These stresses are -300000
shown at right.
-350000
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Distance Below Surface (in.)

WS5 - 31
Step 11. Plot the Component Stresses
b
Plot the component stresses.

a. Click the Fit View toolbar icon
to get the whole model in the
Viewport.
b. Under the Results tab, click
Fringe/Deformation from the
Quick Plot group.
c
c. Select the last Result Case.
d. Select Stress, Global System
from the Select Fringe Result
list.
e. Select X Component as the
Quantity. d
f. Select Displacement, e
Translation from the Select
Deformation Result list.
g. Click Apply.
f
You can look at the other stress components by selecting

them under the Quantity pull-down menu. To see some
a
ways to modify the result plot, see the following pages.

WS5 - 32
Step 11. Plot the Component Stresses (Cont.)
a. Click the Fringe Attributes

icon. g e a
b. Make the Fringe Edges
black.
c. Set the Fringe Edge display
to Free Edges.
d. Turn off Show Max/Min
Label.
e. Click the Deform Attributes
icon.
f. Turn off Show Undeformed.
g. Click the Select Results icon
to return to the main results f
form.
b
h. Click Apply.
c
These steps create a much cleaner

plot for presentation purposes. The
last step is to remove the Geometry d
from the Viewport so that just the
FEM model is visible. These steps
are on the following page.
h

WS5 - 33
a. Pull down Display >

Plot/Erase…
b. Click Erase under the
Geometry Section.
c. Click OK to close the form.

WS5 - 34
Plot the XY Shear Stresses.

a. Select XY Component
as the Quantity.
b. Click Apply.
Notice that the maximum shear stress in our model is below the surface. This is an
important effect to consider in Hertzian contact problems. The maximum von Mises
stress will also be below the surface.
In the next steps, we will create a graph of the component stresses vs. the depth
below the surface in the plate to compare with theory.
b

WS5 - 35
Step 12. Create a Reference Coordinate System
for Plate Elements
Post just the Plate Elements.
a. Select Group > Post. a
e
b. Select the Plate group.
c. Click Apply.
d. Click Cancel.
e. Click Fit View to fill the
Viewport.
f. Click Reset Graphics to f b
remove the Results.
Your Viewport should look like the one above. The Cylinder and Plate
groups were created as part of the session file that was read in at the c d
beginning of this workshop.

WS5 - 36
for Plate Elements (Cont.)
Create a New Coordinate

System.
a. Under the Geometry tab,
click Coordinates from
the Transform group.
b. Enter <0 2 0> for the
Direction Vector. b
c. Click Apply.
In this operation, we are creating a second coordinate system at

the top-left corner of the plate. We are doing this by translating the
Global Coordinate System, which is at the bottom left corner of the
plate. In the next step, we will rotate the new coordinate system so
that the +Y Direction points into the plate.

WS5 - 37
for Plate Elements (Cont.)
Rotate the New Coordinate
System. We now have a new coordinate system (Coord 2) with
a. Now change the Method to the Y Direction pointing into the Plate. We will use this
coordinate system to create a graph of Component
a
Rotate.
b. Enter Coord 1.3 for the Stress vs. Depth below the Surface.
Axis.
c. Enter 180 for the Rotation
Angle.
d. Check the Delete Original
b
Coords option.
e. Enter Coord 1 in the
Coordinate Frame List box. c
f. Click Apply.
g. Click Yes to delete the
original coordinate system.
d
e
f

WS5 - 38
Step 13. Create a Graph of Stress vs. Depth
a
i
Create a Graph of X Component: Stress vs. Depth.
a. Results: Create > Graph > Y vs X.
b. Select the last Result Case.
c. Select Stress, Global System for the Y Result.
d. Select X Component for the Stress Quantity.
e. Select Coordinate for the X Result.
f. Click in the Select Coordinate Axis list box. b
g. Select Coordinate System Direction 2 in the
pick menu. g
h. Click the new Coordinate System.
i. Click the Target Entities toolbar icon.
h
c
d
e
f

WS5 - 39
(Cont.)
d
a. Select Path as the

Target Entity type.
b. Click in the Select Path
Points list box.
c. Select Node in the pick
menu.
a
d. Select the Top Left and
Bottom Left nodes in b
that order holding the
Shift Key down.
e. Enter 40 for the Points
e
Per Segment.
c
f. Click Apply.

WS5 - 40
(Cont.)
a. Click the Display
Attributes icon.
b. Check the Append
Curves in XY
Window option.
c. Click the Select c
Results icon.
d. Select Y Component
for the Quantity.
e. Click Apply. a
f. Select Z Component
for the Quantity.
g. Click Apply.
The results are shown on

the next two pages.
f d
b
g
e

WS5 - 41
(Cont.)

WS5 - 42
(Cont.)
Hertzian Stress Theory vs. FEA Results
For the results above, the XY Plot tool was used to modify
the graph to match the formatting of the Theoretical Graph
to the right.

WS5 - 43
It is recommended to Quit Patran after each workshop.

If we just Close the current database and create a new one for the
next workshop, some of the data entered on the forms will remain
there.
When we Quit Patran, the open database will be saved and Patran
will terminate. When we re-start Patran, all of the forms will be reset
with the default values.

WS5 - 44
WORKSHOP 6
INTERFERENCE FITS

WS6 - 1
WS6 - 2
• Objectives
– Interference fit analysis using deformable-deformable contact
– Modify contact table parameters
– Patran 2017
– Marc 2017.1
• Files Required
– interference_fit.igs

WS6 - 3
– Two types of interference fit modeling are demonstrated in this workshop.
Interference fits can be modeled geometrically or by specifying an
Interference Closure amount in the MSC.Marc Contact Table and using
congruent geometry. This workshop will show that the same results are
achieved for both methods.

WS6 - 4
1. Create a New database called “interference_fit.db”
2. Import the required geometry called Interference_fit.igs
3. Mesh the Model
• Mesher = Paver
• Topology = Quad8
• Enter 0.1 for the Global Element Length value.
4. Create the Boundary Condition by fixing the left edge of the Lug.
5. Define Contact bodies
• Create the deformable contact body for the Lug.
• Create the deformable contact body for the Upper Pin.
6. Define the Steel material
• Elastic Modulus: 30e6
• Poisson Ratio: 0.3
7. Define element properties as Steel

WS6 - 5
8. Analyze the model
• Check the Non-Positive Definite in Solver Options
• Define the contact detection parameters
• Modify the contact parameters and the contact table.
• Set the result Parameters
– STRAIN,TOTAL COMPONENTS(301), STRESS,COMPONENTS(311),
STRESS,COMPONENTS (global system)(411)
9. Submit the job to analysis.
10.Attach the results Interference_Fit.t16.
11.Plot von Mises Stress with displacement translation
12.Modify the Fringe and Deformation Attributes for better representation.

WS6 - 6
a
Create a new database. Name it

interference_fit.db.
b. Enter interference_fit as the
file name.
c. Click OK.
Analysis Code. d
e. Click OK.
b c

WS6 - 7
Step 2. Import the Geometry
Import the required geometry.

Interference_fit.igs
a. Pull down File > Import. b
b. Switch the Source to IGES. a
c. Uncheck Import to d
Parasolid.
c
d. Select interference_fit.igs
as the File name.
e. Click Apply.
e

WS6 - 8
Step 2. Import the Geometry (Cont.)
a. Click OK on the Import
Summary Page.
The geometry that was imported should consist of 3

surfaces. One large Lug with 2 Pins. the Lower Pin has
the interference of 0.01 inches built into the geometry.
The Upper Pin geometry is congruent with the Lug
geometry. The interference fit in this case will be created
by the Interference Closure Contact Parameter which will
force a gap between the two bodies.
The ‘Import Summary’ Page shows what types of

entities were imported into the Patran database.
After clicking OK, the geometry should look like the
image to the left.
WS6 - 9
Step 3. Mesh the Model
a
Create the finite element mesh.

Surface in the Mesher group.
b. Pull down Mesher to Paver.
c. Pull down Topology to Quad8
(Quad8 elements are higher-order
elements with mid-side nodes.) b
d. Select all three Surfaces in the c
view port.
e. Unselect the Automatic
Calculation.
d
f. Enter 0.1 for the Global Element
Length value. e
g. Click Apply. f
After meshing, the viewport should look like the image above.
When using Plane Strain, Plane Stress, and Axisymmetric Elements, the Element Normal
Direction must point in the +Z Direction. These elements are oriented properly.
To check the Element Normal Direction, choose the Verify/Element/Normal option and turn on
the option to draw the vectors. g

WS6 - 10
Step 4. Define Boundary Condition
a
Create the Boundary Condition

fixing the left edge of the Lug.
group.
b. Enter Fixed as the New Set d
Name.
Translation.
e. Click OK.

WS6 - 11
Step 4. Define Boundary Condition (Cont.)
a. Click the Select Application
Region Button.
b. Pull down Select to Geometry
c. Select the Curve or Edge
b
option in the Select Menu.
d. Select the left edge of the Lug.
e. Click Add.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
e
c
d
a
g

WS6 - 12
Step 5. Define Contact Body
a
Create the deformable

contact body for the Lug.
a. Under the Loads/BCs
tab, click Deformable, in
the Contact Bodies
group.
b. Enter Lug as the New After you click Apply, you will e
Set Name. see the contact markers
c. Pull down Target (pink circles) in the viewport.
Element Type to 2D
d. Click Select Application
Region form.
e. Confirm that the g
Geometry option is
selected for the b
Geometry Filter.
f. Select the Lug Surface. c
g. Click Add. f
h. Click OK.
i. Click Apply. h
d
i
WS6 - 13
Step 5. Define Contact Body (Cont.)
Create the deformable contact
body for the Upper Pin.
a. Enter Upper_Pin as the New c
Set Name.
b. Click Select Application
Region form.
c. Confirm that the Geometry
option is selected for the
Geometry Filter.
e
d. Select the Upper Pin Surface.
e. Click Add.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
f a
d

WS6 - 14
Step 5. Define Contact Body (Cont.)
Create the deformable contact body for the
Lower Pin.
a. Enter Lower_Pin as the New Set Name.
b. Click Select Application Region form. c
c. Confirm that the Geometry option is
selected for the Geometry Filter.
d. Select the Lower Pin Surface.
e. Click Add.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply. e
a
f
d
b

WS6 - 15
Step 6. Define Material Properties
a
Define the Steel material. d

Isotropic.
b. Enter Steel as the Material
Name. e
c. Click Input Properties. f
d. Confirm Elastic as the
Constitutive Model.
e. Enter 30e6 as the Elastic
Modulus.
f. Enter 0.3 as the Poisson Ratio. b
g. Click OK.
h. Click Apply.
g h

WS6 - 16
Step 7. Define the Element Properties
a
Assign steel as Element

Properties.
a. Under the Properties tab,
click 2D Solid, in the 2D f
Properties group.
b. Enter Steel as the Property
Set Name.
c. Confirm Plane Strain as
the Options.
d. Confirm Standard
Formulation.
e. Click Input Properties. b
f. Click Mat Prop Name icon. g
g. Choose Steel from the c
Existing Material list.
d
h. Click OK.
e
h

WS6 - 17
Step 7. Define the Element Properties (Cont.)

b. Click in Select Members panel.
c. Select all three Surfaces.
d. Click Add.
e. Click OK.
b
f. Click Apply.
d
c

WS6 - 18
Step 8. Analyze the Model
a
c
Setup and launch the
Analysis.
d
tab, click Entire
Model, in the e
Analyze group.
b. Click Job
Parameters.
c. Pull down MSC.Marc
Version to 2017
d. Click Solver /
Options.
f
e. Check the Non-
Positive Definite
option.
f. Click OK. b
The Non-Positive Definite option is needed in this
problem due to the existence of rigid body modes. The
rigid body modes are due to the fact that there are no
constraints on the pins in the model except for the contact
with the lug. Without this option, the analysis would end in
a 2004 Exit Number.
WS6 - 19
a. Click Contact
Parameters.
b. Click the Contact
a
Detection.
d
c. Check the Activate
Quadratic Contact
e
Option. b
d. Enter 0.015 for
Distance Tolerance
e. Enter 0 for Bias on
Distance Tolerance
f. Click OK.
c h
g. Click OK.
h. Uncheck the
Assumed Strain.
f
i. Click OK.
g
When running models with Higher-Order Elements, msuch as

Quad8 elements, turning on the Quadratic Contact option will
allow the contact algorithm to include the mid-side nodes in the
i
contact detection. The analysis will have more accurate contact
regions and smoother stress contours. Without this option, the We are not turning on the Assumed Strain option because we
mid-side nodes on the external surface (3D) or edges (2D) will are using 2nd order Plain Strain elements. It is generally
be ignored and the elements will be assumed to be linear recommended to use the Assumed Strain option for 1st order
elements. Standard Plain Strain, Plane Stress, and Hex Elements.

WS6 - 20
a. Click Load Step Creation
b. Click Solution Parameters.
c. Click Load Increment Params.
d. Enter 0.1 for the [Trial Time
Step Size].
e. Click OK.
f. Click Contact Table.
c b
f
a

WS6 - 21
a. Click the [T] boxes on
all the diagonals until
they are blank [ ]. This
will turn off the self-
b
contact checking.
b a
b. Turn off contact
between the Upper Pin
and Lower Pin. Since
these two bodies will
never be touching, we d
e c
can turn off the contact
checking.
f
c. Select the Lug and
Lower-Pin in the Body
Pairs Section.
d. Enter 0.015 for the
Distance Tolerance and
g
press the Enter key.
e. Select the Lug and
Upper-Pin in the Body By setting a Distance Tolerance larger than the geometric interference between the
Pairs Section. Lug and Lower Pin, the contact algorithm will be able to recognize the penetration and
f. Enter 0.01 for the resolve the contact. If we left the default setting of 0., the calculated Distance
Interference Closure Tolerance may not be large enough to recognize the interference.
and press the Enter By setting the Interference Closure between the Lug and the Upper Pin to 0.01, we are
key. telling the MSC.Marc contact algorithm to add a gap of that value between the two
bodies.
g. Click OK.

WS6 - 22
a. Click OK.
b. Click Output Requests.
c. Click Select Element Results.
d. Select
STRAIN,TOTAL COMPONENTS(301), STRESS,COMPONENTS(311),
STRESS,COMPONENTS (global system)(411)
e. Click OK twice.
f. Click Apply(and Click yes to Overwrite the Job Step) then Cancel.
g. Click Apply to run the analysis (Not Shown).
a f f e e
WS6 - 23
a
Monitor the job. Notice that the job was completed in 1 increment and took 4
a. Under the Analysis tab, cycles to converge.
click Monitor, in the Action For jobs with an interference fit combined with external
group. loading, set the first load case to resolve the interference fit
b. Select interference_fit as and add additional load cases for the external loads. The
the Job Name. external load cases should use the standard load
c. Click View Status File. incrementation settings.
d. Close the Status File
d
Window. b

WS6 - 24
Step 10. Attach the Results
a
Read (Attach) results.

Attach in the Access Result
group. c
b. Click Select Results File form.
c. Select file interference_fit.t16.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply.

WS6 - 25
Step 11. Plot the Stress
a
Plot von Mises Stress

with displacement
translation
click
Fringe/Deformation b
in the Quick Plot
group.
b. Select the last result
case.
c. Select Stress, Global
System as the Fringe c
Result.
d. Select Displacement,
Translation as the
Deformation Result.
d
e. Click Apply.
Notice that the stress results from the two interference fits are nearly identical.
We can make the plot cleaner by unposting the geometry from the viewport and modifying
some of the Fringe and Deformation settings. The following steps will show these settings.
e

WS6 - 26
Step 12. Modify the Plot
a
d
Modify the Fringe and Deformation h

Attributes
Plot/Erase in the Misc. group.
b. Click Erase under the Geometry.
c. Click OK.
d. Click the Fringe Attributes icon.
e. Change the Fringe Edge color to
Black. b
f. Pull down Display > Free Edges. e
g. Uncheck Show Max/Min Labels. f
i
h. Click the Deformation Attributes
icon. c
i. Turn off the Show Undeformed
option.
j. Click Apply.
k. The resulting plot is shown on the
g
next page.

WS6 - 27
Step 12. Modify the Plot (Cont.)
We now have just the deformed mesh in the viewport and the element edges are shown
in black. Feel free to try out different settings for the Fringe and Deformed plots.

WS6 - 28

WS6 - 29
WS6 - 30
WORKSHOP 7
HERTZ CONTACT ANALYSIS WITH
FRICTION

WS7 - 1
WS7 - 2
• Workshop Objective:
– Demonstrate the use of structural analysis with pressure loading and
contact condition starting from an initial state exhibiting a gap or space
between the two bodies, including friction.
– Patran 2017
– Marc 2017.1
• Files Required:
– Hertz.db
• Problem Description:
– This is same Model as the Hertz Model in Workshop, but this time the there
is friction between the two deformable surfaces

WS7 - 3
• Suggested Exercise Steps
1. Open hertz.db Database
2. Add Friction Properties to the Plate
3. Add Friction Properties to the Cylinder
4. Adjust Job Properties
5. Run the Job
6. Plot Von Mises Stress
7. Find Contact Patch Width

WS7 - 4
Step 1. Open hertz.db Database
a
Open hertz.db database
a. Pull down File > Open
b. From the working directory
select hertz.db.
c. Click OK.
b

WS7 - 5
Remove Attached Results
a
If there are results attached to the

previous model, remove them.
t16/19 attachment, in the
Delete group
b. Click hertz.t16 b
c. Click Apply.
d. Click Yes.

WS7 - 6
Step 2. Add Friction Properties to the Cylinder
a
a. Under the Loads/BCs tab click d

Deformable from the Contact
Bodies group
b. Click Cylinder from the
Existing Sets
c. Click Input Data.. b
d. Enter 0.2 as Friction Coefficient
(MU)
e. Click OK.
f. Click Apply.
g. Click Yes for the Message that
appears next.
c
e
f
g
WS7 - 7
Step 3. Add Friction Properties to the Plate
a. Click Plate from the Since both Bodies are

Existing Sets Deformable, The solution
b. Click Input Data.. will average the two
c. Enter 0.3 as Friction friction coefficient when
Coefficient (MU) they become in contact.
d. Click OK. (0.2 + 0.3)/2 = 0.25
If one of the bodies were a
e. Click Apply.
rigid the friction coefficient
f. Click Yes for the Message of the rigid body would
that appears next. governed.
d
b
e
f
WS7 - 8
Step 4. Adjust Job Parameters
a
f
Entire Model from the Analyze
group.
b. Click Hertz from the Available
Jobs
c. Enter Hertz_friction as Job
Name b
d. Click Job Parameters…
e. Make sure the MSC.Marc
Version is set to 2017.
f. Click Contact Parameters.. c

WS7 - 9
Step 4. Adjust Job Parameters (Cont.)
a. Click Friction…
b
b. Select Bilinear Coulomb as
Type.
c. Click OK.
d. Click OK.

WS7 - 10
Step 5. Run the Job
a. Click OK.
b. Click Apply.
b
a

WS7 - 11
Step 6. Attach Results
a
Once the analysis is complete,

read the results back into the
database.
c
Attach from the Access
Results group.
b. Click Select Results File
panel.
c. Select hertz_friction.t16 file.
d. Click OK.
d
e. Click Apply.

WS7 - 12
Step 7. Plot Von Mises Stress
a
Find the Contact Patch Width.

click Fringe/Deformation
from the Quick Plot group.
b. Select the last result case
available from the Select b
Result Cases.
c. Select Stress, Global
System from the Select
Fringe Result list.
d. Select von Mises as c
Quantity
e. Select Displacement, d
Translation from the
Select Deformation Result
list. e
f. Click Apply.
With Friction
Max = 2.14e5 Ksi
f

WS7 - 13
Step 7. Plot Von Mises Stress (Cont.)
Without Friction
Max = 2.16e5

WS7 - 14
Step 8. Find Contact Patch Width
a
a. Under the Geometry

tab click Show from
the Geometry Actions
d
group.
b. Select the left most
node in the contact
patch.
c. Select the right most e
node in the contact
patch.
d. The result will be
shown in the summary
page that appears.
Notice that the Width
of the contact patch is c
reported as 0.391
b
inches. This compares b
very well to the
calculated ‘b’ value c
from the theory (0.39 The contact width is almost the same, since it
inch). mainly depends on the force applied (Details in
workshop Hertz Contact)
e. Click Cancel when
done.
WS7 - 15
WS7 - 16
WORKSHOP 8
PIN INSERTION AND EXTRACTION

WS8 - 1
WS8 - 2
• Workshop Objectives
– Resolving snap-contact with static analysis
– Plot Insertion and Extraction Forces over the load history.
• Software Versions
– Patran 2017
– Marc 2017.1
• Files Required
– pin_mesh.out

WS8 - 3
– This is a representative pin-clip ensemble of the sort widely used in various
industries to attach separate components. Typically it is desired that the
material remain in the elastic range and that the inserting force be smaller
than the extracting force to facilitate the assembly and make an accidental
dismembering difficult. The pin (shaped like a key) is pushed into and then
pulled out of a clip attached to a wall.

WS8 - 4
1. Create a New Database
2. Import Finite Element Model from a pin_mesh.out
3. Create MPC to apply load/BCs to single nodes for easy reaction force
recovery.
4. Define the following isotropic materials and properties.
• Material properties for the bottom part of the Clip:
Young’s Modulus = 4600 ; Poisson’s Ratio = 0.33
• Material properties for the key and the top part of the Clip:
Young’s Modulus = 2300 ; Poisson’s Ratio = 0.33
5. Create a plane stress geometric property with thickness of 0.1 for all the
elements.
6. Create the following Boundary conditions.
• At the retained node (# 1630) near the top part of the clip: Ux = Uy = 0
• At the retained node (# 1631) near the bottom part of the clip: Ux = 0
• At the retained node (# 1629) on the key:
Ux to vary linearly from zero at time = 0, to -3.9 at time = 1,
and back to zero at time = 2. (Hint: Create a Table and assign it to the
Displacement X)
Uy = 0 (constant)

WS8 - 5
7. Create two deformable contact bodies - one for the clip and one for the key
- with no friction.
8. Define a multi-step load case, called “insert” for inserting the pin, with:
• Initial fraction of Load case Time = 0.02
• Max. fraction of Load case Time = 0.02
• Desired # of Recycles /Increment = 10
• Time Step Scale factor = 1.5
• Max. # of Recycles = 25
• Select Non-Positive Definite
9. Copy the above load case (“insert”), and name it “extract”
10.Setup and Run a Large Strain Analysis job, selecting both the load cases.
Use Contact Distant Tolerance Bias of 0.99.
11.Open the post (results) file, and post-process the results, including history
plots of the Reaction Forces at the tied nodes (Nodes 1629-1631).

WS8 - 6
a

Pin_insert.db
a. Under the Home tab, click New,
in the Defaults group.
b. For File name: Enter Pin_insert
c. Click OK
d. Pull down the Analysis Code to
MSC.Marc.
e. Click OK
d
b c

WS8 - 7
Step 2. Import Model
c
a
Import the neutral mesh

file. After you click apply some pop-up
a. Pull down File > menus will appear; click “Yes” for all
Import. the menus until the geometry
appears. Your viewport should look
b. Pull down Source to
like this.
Neutral.
c. Select pin_mesh.out.
d. Click Apply.
e. Click Yes on the
Message form.
e
WS8 - 8
Step 3. Create Multi-Point Constraint
a
Create the MPC for the upper-left of the clip.

Select dependent nodes.
a. Under the Meshing tab, click Rigid (Fixed) in the
MPC group.
b. Click Define Terms.
c. Choose Create Dependent.
d. Check Auto Execute.
e. Click in the Node List text box.
f. Drag a rectangle around the nodes of the upper-left
side of the clip as shown. b
c
f
d
e
If you make a mistake selecting

nodes, click Clear and start
over again.

WS8 - 9
Step 3. Create Multi-Point Constraint (Cont.)
Select independent nodes.
a. Choose Create To see the node 1630 click the
Independent. Node size icon.
b. Click in the Node List text c
box.
c. Select the node on the
upper-left side of clip as
shown.
d. Click Cancel.
(Do NOT hit Apply
because Auto Execute is
checked.)
e. On the Finite Elements
form, click Apply.
f. Note the MPC is shown.
b
e
d
WS8 - 10
Create the MPC for the lower-left
of the clip.
a. Click Define Terms.
b. Choose Create Dependent.
c. Check Auto Execute.
d. Click Node List text box and
clear if there is anything.
e. Select lower-left side of the clip.
b a
c
d
e
Make sure that you selected the correct nodes
when you are done with action g.

WS8 - 11
a. Choose Create
Independent.
b. Click in Node text box
c. Select Node that is away
from the lower-left side of
clip.
To see the node 1631 to
the left Click Node size
icon. c
d. Click Cancel.
(Do NOT hit Apply
because you had Auto a
Execute on.)
e. Back in the Finite
Elements form, click b
Apply to create the
second MPC. d
To see the node 1631 to the

left, click Node size icon.
The MPC will show as pink

markers radiating from
Node 1631. e

WS8 - 12
Create the MPC for the key.

a. Click Define Terms.
b. Click Node List text box.
c. Under home tab, click View
corners.
d. Close up the viewable area as
shown.
b
c
d

WS8 - 13
b
Your viewport should give you a good
view of the hole in the key. The best view
is in next page. Use View Corners or other
viewing tools to zoom close to the keyhole.
a. Click Polygon Pick icon.
b. Click Node size icon.
a
The purpose of this MPC is to
move the key towards and then
away the clip using a single
node (there is a node 1629 in
the center of the keyhole). This
will allow us to later recover the
driving force (and the driving
pair) which is an essential
feature of a pin insertion and
extraction design.
Similarly the other two MPCs
already created allow the
calculation of a couple of
(reaction) supporting forces.

WS8 - 14
a. Screen Polygon Pick all the
nodes on the edge of the hole.
Carefully avoid picking the 2. Only the nodes enclosed by the blue polygon
node 1629 in the center of the are picked. Notice the node in the center of the
keyhole. keyhole is excluded. The polygon will disappear
as soon as the lines are connected.
1
3 a
1. Zoom in the hole

by using the view
corner icon again 2
until you get a view
similar to this one.
The ribbon arrows are for illustration.

WS8 - 15
a. Choose Create
Independent,
b. Click in the Node List text
box.
c. Pick the node 1629 in the
center of the keyhole.
d. Click Cancel.
(Do NOT hit Apply because
you had Auto Execute on.)
e. Back in the Finite Elements
form, click Apply.
f. Note the MPC is shown. c
a
f
e
b
d

WS8 - 16
a
Create the material property for the

clip bottom.
a. Under the Properties tab, click d
Isotropic in the Isotropic group. e
b. Enter clip bottom as the f
Material Name.
d. Enter 4600 as the Elastic b
Modulus.
e. Enter 0.33 as the Poisson
Ratio.
f. Enter 1e-6 as the Density.
g. Click OK.
h. Click Apply.
c
h
g
WS8 - 17
Step 4. Create Material Properties (Cont.)
Create the material property for the

clip upper half.
a. Enter clip top as the Material
Name. c
d
b. Click in Input Properties.
e
c. Enter 2300 as the Elastic
Modulus.
Ratio.
e. Enter 1e-6 as the Density.
f. Click OK. a
g. Click Apply.
f
g

WS8 - 18
Step 4. Create Material Properties (Cont.)
Create the material property for

the key.
a. Enter key as the Material
Name. c
b. Click in Input Properties.
d
e
c. Enter 2300 as the Elastic
Modulus.
Ratio.
e. Enter 1e-6 as the Density.
f. Click OK. a
g. Click Apply.
b
f
g

WS8 - 19
Step 5. Create Element Properties
a
Create the element property for

the clip bottom half.
e
2D Solid in 2D Properties g c
group.
b. Pull down Action to Modify.
c. Select P_SET.1 under Sets.
d. Enter clip bottom as the New
Property Set Name.
d
e. Click Mat Prop Name Icon.
f. Choose clip bottom from the
f i
Material Property Sets.
g. Enter 0.1 as the Thickness. j
h. Click OK.
i. Select Plane Stress.
j. Select Standard Formulation.
h

WS8 - 20
Step 5. Create Element Properties (Cont.)
a. Click in Select Application
Region text box.
b. Select Shell Element icon and
then Polygon Pick icon.
c. Select the elements in the
bottom part of the clip using
Polygon Pick as illustrated.
(using “include any portion”
picking). b
d. Click Add.
e. Click OK
f. Click Apply.
a
b
f
e

WS8 - 21
a. Select P_SET.2 to be
modified.
b. Enter clip top as the
New Property Set Name: c a
c. Click Mat Prop Name
Icon and choose clip top d
from the Material
Property Sets.
d. Enter 0.1 as the
Thickness.
e. Click OK. b
f. Select Plane Stress as
the Option.
g. Select Standard c
Formulation.
f
g

WS8 - 22
Region
b. Click in Select Members text
box.
c. Select Polygon Pick icon from
Shell element icon.
d. Select the elements in the top b
part of the clip using polygon
pick as illustrated. (using
c
e
“include any portion” picking).
e. Click Add.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
d
f
c
a

WS8 - 23
Create the element property

for the key.
a. Select P_SET.3 to be c a
modified. d
b. Enter key as the New
Property Set Name
c. Click Mat Prop Name Icon
and choose key from the
Material Property Sets. b
d. Enter 0.1 as the Thickness.
e. Click OK.
f
f. Select Plane Stress c g
g. Select Standard
Formulation.

WS8 - 24
Region
b. Click Select Members text box.
c. Select Polygon Pick from Shell
Elements.
d. Select all elements in the key
shaped part using polygon pick b
as illustrated. (Carefully avoid
grabbing in the nearby clip). c e
e. Click Add.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
d f
c
a

WS8 - 25
Step 6. Apply Loads/Boundary Conditions
a
Set the displacement boundary condition for the upper

corner of the clip.
a. Under the Loads/BCs tab, click Displacement in d
the Nodal group.
b. Enter clip top as the New Set Name:
d. Enter <0,0, > for the Translations:
e. Click OK.

WS8 - 26
(Cont.)
b
Region.
b. For Geometry Fitter pull down
Select to FEM
c. Click Select Nodes text box. c
d. Select Node 1630 as the e
Application Region.
e. Click Add.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
a
g

WS8 - 27
(Cont.)
Set the displacement boundary
condition for the lower corner of
the clip.
a. Enter clip bottom as the New
Set Name.
b. Click Input Data.
c. Enter <0, > for the
Translation. c
d. Click OK.
b
d

WS8 - 28
(Cont.)
a. Click Select Application b
Region.
Select to FEM
c. Click Select Nodes text box.
c
d. Select Node 1631 as the
Application Region. e
e. Click Add.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
a
g

WS8 - 29
(Cont.)
Set the displacement boundary

condition for the key.
a. Enter key as the New Set
Name.
b. Click Input Data. c
c. Enter <-3.9, > for the
Translation.
d. Click OK.
b
d

WS8 - 30
(Cont.)
Region. b
Select to FEM
c. Click Select Nodes text box.
d. Select Node 1629 as the
Application Region. c
e. Click Add.
e
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
d f

WS8 - 31
Step 7. Define Contact Bodies
a
Define the clip as a contact body.

a. Under the Loads/BCs tab, click Deformable in the Contact
Bodies group. e
b. Enter clip for the New Set Name:
c. Pull down Target Element Type to 2D
e. For Geometry Fitter pull down Select to FEM.
f. Click Select 2D Elements text box. f
g. Select the entire clip. (Carefully avoid picking elements from
the key). h
h. Click Add.
i. Click OK.
j. Click Apply.
g
b
c
i
d
j

WS8 - 32
Step 7. Define Contact Bodies (Cont.)
Define the pin as a contact body.
a. Enter pin as the New Set Name.
b. Select 2D as the Target Element Type.
c. Click Select Application Region.
d. For Geometry Fitter pull down Select to FEM. d
e. Click Select 2D Elements text box.
f. Select the entire pin. (Carefully avoid picking
elements from the clip).
g. Click Add.
h. Click OK. e
i. Click Apply.
g
a
h
b
c
f
i

WS8 - 33
Step 8. Create a Load Case
a
b
Rename the Default Load Case c

to “Insert”.
a. Under the Loads/BCs tab,
click Create Load Case in
the Load Cases group.
b. Pull down Action to Modify
c. Under the Existing Load
Cases select Default.
d. Enter Insert for the Rename
Load Case as d
e. Optionally change the
Description of the load case We are not modifying the contents – only the
as shown. name of the load case, so you may Cancel the
f. Click Apply. Input Data form after inspection.
e
When you click the existing load case (Default), you

are copying all its contents and the Input Data form
opens automatically thus allowing the editing of the
load case.

WS8 - 34
Step 8. Create a Load Case (Cont.)
a
Setup the Load Case Extract.

a. Pull down Action and
select Create.
b. Choose insert from the
Existing Load Cases text
box. d
c. Click the Scale Factor (1.)
button in the Key row. This
opens the input Scale f
c
Factor text box.
d. Type 0.001 and press
Enter in your keyboard.
This changes the scale The Key displacement load has a value of <-3.9,0>
factor for the key load to which moves the pin to the left until it is fully inserted
0.001. in the clip.
e. Click OK. By using a scale of 0.001, one effectively loads the
key with a total displacement value of <0.0039,0>. In
f. Enter extract as the Load
other words, one moves the pin back almost to its
Case Name. original position thus extracting it from the clip.
g. Click Apply.
g
e

WS8 - 35
Step 9. Run Analysis
a
d
e
Setup and launch the 2-
steps Nonlinear Static
Analysis.
tab, click Entire
f
Model in the Analyze
group.
b. Enter Pin_insert as
the Job Name.
c. Click Job Parameter.
d. Pull down MSC.Marc b
Version to 2017 g
e. Click Solver /
Options.
f. Check Non-Positive Keep working on
Definite. Translation Parameters c
form in next page
g. Click OK.

WS8 - 36
Step 9. Run Analysis (Cont.)
If a node is within the contact tolerance, it is considered to be in contact with the segment. The contact tolerance is calculated
by the program as the smaller of 5% of the smallest element side or 25% of the smallest (beam or shell) element thickness.
Read the note in next page about the Bias which may have a value between 0 and 1.
The value 0.99 used here means most of the contact distance is within the contact bodies.
a. Still in the Job

Bias = 0.0
Parameter form, click
Contact Parameters.
b. Click Contact a
Detection.
c. In the Bias Distance
Tolerance: enter 0.99
d. Accept change and
close Contact Detection
form by clicking OK. b
e. Close the Contact c
Control Parameters form
by clicking OK.
f. Uncheck Use Tables.
g. Close the Job
Parameters form by
clicking OK.
Back to working
on Analysis form f
in next page. e g
d
WS8 - 37
An effective compromise is to bias the tolerance area so that a smaller distance is on the outside
a. Click Load Step surface than on the inside surface. This is done by entering a bias factor. The bias factor should
Creation. have its value between 0.0 and 1.0. The default is 0.95. This results in good accuracy and
b. In the Job Step reasonable computational costs. In analyses involving frictional contact, a bias (recommended
Name: Enter value: 0.95 - 0.99) to the contact core is found beneficial to facilitate convergence.
insertion
Distance Tolerance: The size of the

contact tolerance has a significant impact b
on the computational costs and the
accuracy of the solution. If the contact
tolerance is too small, detection of
contact is difficult, leading to higher costs.
Also many nodes are more likely to be
considered penetrating leading to
increase in increment splitting, therefore,
increasing the computational costs. If the
contact tolerance is too large, nodes are
considered in contact prematurely,
resulting in a loss of accuracy. a
Furthermore, nodes might “penetrate” the
surface by a large amount.

WS8 - 38
a. Click Solution
Parameters.
b. Click Load Increment
Parameters.
c. As the Increment type, c
choose Adaptive d
d. As the Trial Time Step e
Size, enter 0.02. f
e. As the Time Step g
Scale Factor, enter 1.5. h
f. As the Minimum Time
Step, enter 1e-4
g. As the Maximum Time b a
Step, enter 0.02
h. As the Max Number Of
Steps, enter 88
i. Click OK.
i
Default Static Solution Parameter options we

are using include Nonlinear and Large
Displacements/Large Strains.

WS8 - 39
a. Click Iteration
Parameters.
b. Enter 25 as the Max #
Of Iterations Per
Increment. b
c. Enter 10 as the Desired
# Of Iterations Per
c
Increment.
d. Enter 0.15 as the
Relative Residual Force.
e. Click OK.
f. Click OK. d a
g
g. Click Select Loads
Case.
h. Select insert as the
Load Case.
i. Click OK. j e f
j. Click Apply.
i
WS8 - 40
a. Choose insertion from the
Available Job Step. (this
copies all the setup prepared
for that Job Step so we don’t
have to repeat our work.) a
b. Enter Extraction as the Job
d
Step Name. (This does not
modify job Step Insertion.)
c. Click Select Load Case. b
d. Choose extract as the Load
Case.
e. Click OK.
f. Click Apply.
e
g. Click Cancel.
By copying the setup done for the previous Job Step we only have to
change the name of the Step and the Load Case, thus saving some effort
and avoiding mistakes. Further editing of the new Job Step is possible, of
course. f g
Although we created the two steps we needed, we still have

to select them as follows in next page

WS8 - 41
a. Click Load Step Selection
form.
b. Next deselect (click) the
Default Static Step from
the Selecting Job Steps.
c. First choose insertion
d. Then choose extraction
from the Existing Job Steps.
e. Click OK. b
c
f. Click Apply.
d
The Step form looks like
this when you open it.
The Step Select form

should look like this after
you made the selections.
a
f
e

WS8 - 42
a
Monitor the Analysis c

a. Under the
Analysis tab, click
Monitor Job in
the Actions group.
b. Click View Status
File.
c. Click Cancel.

WS8 - 43
Step 10. Post Process with Patran
a
Attach (read) results:

click Attach in the Access
Results group.
b. Select Pin_insert from the d
Available Jobs.
c. Click Select Results File. b
d. Select Pin_insert.t16.
e. Click OK.
f. Click Apply.
e

WS8 - 44
Step 10. Post Process with Patran (Cont.)
a
Display quick plots of von Mises

Stress & Displacements.
Fringe/Deformation in the
Quick Plot group.
b. Click Deform Attributes icon.
c. Choose True Scale as the c
Scale Interpretation.
d
d. Enter 1.0 as the Scale Factor.
In this section we have you displaying one subcase

and we point you to other interesting subcases. Later
you may start from the first subcase and keep
advancing subcase by subcase by clicking on one
subcase and pressing Enter in your keyboard, one at a
time.

WS8 - 45
a. Click Select Results.
b. Select the Result Case closest to Time = 1.00
c. Select Stress, Global System as the Fringe Result. a
d. Pull down Quantity to von Mises.
e. Select Displacement, Translation as the Deformation Result.
f. Click Apply.
c
d

WS8 - 46
a. Select all the Result Cases
b. Check Animate.
c. Click Apply.
a
Pause the Animation, to look
at any frame. The plot here
shows the deformation and the
stresses at
Time = 0.60
and
Time = 0.92
b
c

WS8 - 47
a
b
Plot Reaction Forces versus time
(load incrementation)
Do NOT apply yet: You still c
Graph, in the Results Plots
have to select the nodes you
group.
want to plot the forces versus
b. If results show up summarized time for.
by load step, click the Expand
Subcases icon.
c. Select Result Cases: (select
all of them).
d. Select Force, Nodal Reaction d
as the Y Result.
e. Pull down Quantity to X
Component.
f. Pull down Variable to Time. e
g. Click Target Entities icon.
f

WS8 - 48
a. Pull down Target Entity to
Nodes.
b. Click Select Nodes text box.
Enter Node 1629:1631. (these
nodes are the ones from which
the MPCs radiate and on which
displacement BCs were defined).
c. Click Apply.
a
b

WS8 - 49

WS8 - 50
WORKSHOP 9
BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF A CYLINDER

WS9 - 1
WS9 - 2
• Objective
– Predict a buckling load using Linear Buckling Analysis.
– Marc 2017.1
– Patran 2017
• Required File
– No supporting file required.

WS9 - 3
– A pinned steel cylinder, axially loaded at both ends with edge pressure of
50,000 psi. The cylinder dimensions are:
Radius = 100 in, Length = 800 in., Thickness = 0.25 in.
– The cylinder will be analyzed for buckling with the linear bifurcation buckling
method.
– Due to symmetry, we will model half the cylinder. A mesh of 64X40
quadrilateral shell elements will be used.

WS9 - 4
1. Create a new database with analysis code MSC.MARC.
2. Create a circle of radius 100 in. with its center at the origin (0, 0,0).
3. Create a surface by extruding the circular curve 400 in. along the Z axis.
4. Mesh the surface using 64 elements around the circumference and 40
elements along the length.
5. Equivalence any duplicate nodes created during meshing.
6. Define material properties and physical properties:
E = 3.E7, ν = 0.3, thickness = 0.25
7. Define the boundary conditions, and the load.
• Fix all bottom nodes in X and Y translation
• Fix all top nodes in Z translation and X and Y Rotations (Symmetry)
• Add a point load to all bottom nodes with a magnitude of 122710 in the Z direction
8. Set up a job selecting Element Type 139 and 3 buckling modes.
9. Run the analysis.
10.Attach the t16 results file
11.Post-process the deformed shape of the first buckling mode and compare
against theory.
12.Quit Patran
WS9 - 5
a
Create a database named

buckled_beam:
b. Enter: cylinder_buck as the
file name
c. Click OK.
Analysis Code.
e. Click OK.
b c
e
WS9 - 6
Step 2. Create a Curve
Create a circle of radius 100 in.

with its center at the origin (0, 0,0): a
down Select > 2D Circle, in
the Curves group
b. Enter 100 as the Radius of
circle.
c. Construction Plane List Select
Coord 0.3
d. Uncheck Auto Execute b
e. Under Center Point List enter
[0 0 0]
f. Click Apply.
c
d
e

WS9 - 7
Step 3. Create Surface
Create a surface by extruding a

the circular curve 400 in. along
the Z axis:
a. Pull down Select >
Extrude, in the Surfaces
group.
b. Enter <0 0 400> as the
Translation Vector
c. Select Curve 1

WS9 - 8
Step 4. Create Uniform Mesh
a Make sure the Auto Execute is
unchecked when you are doing
these steps for first time to avoid
incorrect selections being
applied to the Model.
Mesh the surface using 64

elements around the
circumference and 40
elements along the length:
a. Under the Meshing tab,
click Uniform, in the Mesh
Seeds group
b. Enter 40 for Number c
c. Click in the Curve List text
box and select Surface f
1.3 (along the axis of the
cylinder) b e
d. Click Apply
e. Enter 64 in the Number
textbox
f. Click in the Curve List text c f When there are edges close
box and select Surface to one another a list will be
1.2 (around the g displayed allowing you to
d
circumference) make the appropriate
g. Click Apply. selection

WS9 - 9
Step 4. Create Uniform Mesh (Cont.)
a
a. Click Surface in the Meshers

group.
b. Select Surface 1
c. Click Apply.

WS9 - 10
Step 5. Equivalence Model
Equivalence any duplicate nodes

created during meshing.
a. Click Equivalence in the FEM
Actions group.
b. Click Apply.
This process will delete all duplicate nodes (indicated by

magenta circles), and leave only the nodes with the lower
IDs.

WS9 - 11
Step 6. Define Properties
a
Define material properties:

E = 3.E7, ν = 0.3 :
group. d
b. Enter steel as the Material e
name as.
c. Click Input Properties
d. Enter 3e7 as for the Elastic
Modulus
b
e. Enter 0.3 as for the Poisson
Ratio
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
g
f
WS9 - 12
Step 6. Define Properties (Cont.)
a
Define thickness = 0.25 :

a. Click Thin Shell in
the 2D Properties
d
group.
f
b. Enter shell as the
Property set Name.
c. Click Input
Properties.
d. Click the icon next to
Mat Prop Name
e. Select Steel from
Existing Material
b
f. Enter 0.25 as for the
Thickness e
g. Click OK.

WS9 - 13
Step 6. Define Properties (Cont.)
Region
b. Select Surface 1
c. Click Add.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply.
c

WS9 - 14
Step 7. Define Loads/BCs
a
Create boundary conditions. Fix all

bottom nodes in X and Y
translation:
group. d
b. Enter fixed as for the New Set
Name
d. Enter <0,0, > for Translations.
e. Click OK.

WS9 - 15
Step 7. Define Loads/BCs (Cont.)
Region.
b. Pull down Select to FEM
c. Select all the nodes at the
bottom (z=0) end.
d. Click Add.
e. Click OK.
f. Click Apply.
a
e f
c

WS9 - 16
Fix all top nodes in Z Displacement and X and Y
Rotations (Symmetry)
a. Enter z_sym as the New Set Name
b. Click Input Data.
c. Enter < , , 0> for Translations.
c
d. Enter <0,0, > for Rotations d
e. Click OK.
f. Click Select Application Region
g. Select all the nodes at the top (z=400) end.
h. Click Add.
i. Click OK.
j. Click Apply.
g
a
h
e
b
f
i
WS9 - 17
a
Add a point load to all bottom nodes with a

magnitude of 122710 in the Z direction:
a. Click Force in the Nodal group.
b. Enter New Set Name: end_load
c. Click Input Data d
d. Enter value for Force : <0,0,122710> g
[Note: This is the nodal force,
equivalent to an edge pressure of i
50,000 psi]
e. Click OK.
f. Click Select Application region
g. Click in the Select Nodes box
h. Pick all the nodes at the bottom end.
i. Click Add. b
j. Click OK. j
k. Click Apply.
c
e f
k
h

WS9 - 18
Step 8. Set up a Load Step
a
Set up a job selecting Element Type 139 and 3

buckling modes.
a. Under the Analysis tab, click Entire Model in
the Analyze group.
b. Enter Job Name cylinder_buck
c. Click Job Parameters
d. Pull down MSC Marc Version to 2017.
e. Uncheck Use Tables. b
f. Click OK.
e
f
WS9 - 19
Step 8. Set up a Load Step (Cont.)
Create a load step for buckling analysis
with 3 buckling modes :
a. Click Load Step Creation
b. Select Default Static Step. b
c. Pull down Solution Type to Buckling.
d. Click Solution Parameters
e. Enter 3 for the Number of modes
f. Enter 3 for the Min # of Modes w/Pos
Eigenvalues
g. Click OK
c
e d
f
g
WS9 - 20
Step 9. Run/Monitor Analysis
Request the output results
a. Click Output Request.
b. Click Select Element c
Results.
c. Click STRESS,
EQUIVALENT
MISES(17).
d. Click OK.
e. Click OK.
f. Click Apply
g. Click Yes for the
overwrite message (not
shown) a
h. Click Cancel.
i. Click Apply.
f h
d
b
i
e
WS9 - 21
Step 9. Run/Monitor Analysis (Cont.)
a
Monitor the job progress

a. Click Monitor in the Actions
group.
b. Click View Status File.
c. Check the progress of the job.
d. Click Cancel.
b
c

WS9 - 22
Step 10. Attach Results
a
Access the results:

Attach the t16 results file:
a. Click Attach in the Access
Results group.
b. Click Select Results file c
c. Click cylinder_buck.t16
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply.

WS9 - 23
Step 11. Plot Deformation
a
Plot the first buckling mode shape

b
Quick Plot group.
b. For Select Result Cases select
Static Step A1, Buckle
Mode=1 f
c. Under Select Fringe Result,
c
click Displacement,
Translation
g
d. Under Select Deformation
Result, click Displacement,
Translation
e. Click Deform Attributes.
d
f. Select Model Scale.
g. Uncheck Show Undeformed.
h. Click Apply.

WS9 - 24
Step 11. Plot Deformation (Cont.)
With the Predicted Buckling Load factor of 0.83471, the Critical Buckling Load (Pcr) is computed as:
Pcr = 0.83471*50000 = 41,735psi
This compares well with the theoretical value of 41,700 psi.
[Reference: Flugge, W., “Stresses in Shells, 2nd Ed., Springer-Verlag, N.Y., Heidelberg, Berlin, 1973]

WS9 - 25
Quit Patran
a. Pull down File > Quit

WS9 - 26
WORKSHOP 10
CONTACT ANALYSIS TO GENERATE
FORCE-DEFLECTION OF A SPRING

WS10 - 1
WS10 - 2
• Objective
– Create deformable and rigid contact bodies.
– Create glued and touched contact options using a contact table.
– Compress a deformable body using rigid bodies
– Create force deflection curve.
– Compare Tet4 and Tet10 element results
• Required
– spring2a.xmt_txt
• Software Version Required
– Marc 2017.1
– Patran 2017

WS10 - 3
• Suggested Steps:
1. Create a new database
2. Import the Parasolid geometry file spring2a.xmt_txt
3. Create a Tet4 Mesh on the Parasolid
4. Create Material and Element Property (Aluminum)
• Young Modulus: 6.9e4 MPa
• Poissons Ratio: 0.3
5. Create 30x30 surfaces on the top (y=16) and bottom (y=-2.55) of the spring
6. Create a Time-Dependent Field for the top plate to compress the spring.
The velocity will be 0. at time=0., and -6.8 at time = 1.
7. Create Contact Bodies
• Spring is deformable
• Bottom Plate is rigid with Friction coefficient = 0.3
• Top Plate is rigid with Friction coefficient = 0.3 and will move downward in Y
direction 6.8 mm.

WS10 - 4
• Suggested Steps (Cont.)
8. Create Contact Table
• Top Plate is touching the Spring
• Bottom Plate is glued to the Spring.
9. Set Load Increment Parameters: Maximum Time Step to be 0.01.
10.Request Output and Run Job.
11.Post-process the result with Patran:
• Plot Equivalent Stress of the deformable body.
• Create Load vs. Deflection time-history of the Top Plate rigid body.
12.Improve the result by converting the mesh from tet4 to tet10 elements.
13.Rerun the analysis.
14.Plot and compare the Load vs. Deflection time-history.

WS10 - 5
a
Create a new database

named Spring_Contact.db
a. Under the Home tab,
click New in the Defaults
group.
b. For File name, enter
Spring_Contact
c. Click OK.
d. Pull down Analysis Code
to MSC.Marc.
e. Click OK.
b c

WS10 - 6
Step 2. Import the Parasolid Model
b
i
c
a j
Import the Parasolid geometry file

spring2a.xmt_txt
a. Pull down File > Import.
b. Pull down Source > Parasolid xmt.
c. Click Parasolid xmt Options…
d. Click Model Units…
e
e. Pull down Model Unit Override to 1000.0
(millimeters). f
f. Click OK. d
g. Click Yes.
h. Click Cancel.
i. Click spring2a.xmt_txt.
j. Click Apply and click OK on the Parasolid
Transmit File Import Summary form (Not
shown).
h
g
WS10 - 7
Step 3. Create Tet Mesh
a
Create a Tet4 Mesh on the

Parasolid
Solid in the Meshers group.
b. Pull down Topology to Tet4
c. Uncheck Automatic
Calculation b
d. Enter 1.2 for the Value of
Global Edge Length
e. Under Input List box, select e
Solid 1 in the viewport
f. Click Apply. e c
d

WS10 - 8
Step 3. Create Tet Mesh (Cont.)
a b
For better presentation of the

mesh:
Smooth Shaded in the Display
Group.
b. Click Plot/Erase Geometry in
the Misc. group
c. When you have finished
reviewing the mesh, click
Plot/Erase Geometry again to
redisplay the solid.

WS10 - 9
Step 4. Create Material and Element Property
a
Create a material property for

aluminum using Young’s
Modulus=6.9e4 MPa and
Poisson’s Ratio=0.3 d
a. Under the Properties tab, click e
Isotropic in the Isotropic group
b. Enter aluminum for the
Material Name.
c. Click Input Properties. b
d. Enter Elastic Modulus value
69000
e. Enter Poisson Ratio value 0.3
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
g
f
WS10 - 10
(Cont.)
a
Create Element Property

a. Click Solid in the 3D
properties group
d
b. Enter aluminum for the
Property Set Name
c. Click Input Properties
d. Click the Mat Prop
Name icon
e. Choose aluminum from b
Select Existing Material
f. Click OK.
f
WS10 - 11
(Cont.)
Create Element property (cont.)

a. Click Select Application Region
b. Select Solid 1 in the viewport. c
c. Click Add.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply. b

WS10 - 12
Step 5. Create Surfaces for Contact
Create 30x30 surfaces on the top

(y=16) and bottom (y=-2.55) of the
spring
down Select > Vertex in the
Surfaces group
b. Enter the following coordinates d b
in the Surface Vertex List
boxes: [-15 -2.55 -15] [-15 -
2.55 15] [15 -2.55 15] [15 -2.55
-15]
c. Click Apply
e c
d. Enter the following coordinates
in the Surface Vertex List
boxes: [-15 16 -15] [-15 16 15]
[15 16 15] [15 16 -15]
e. Click Apply

WS10 - 13
Step 6. Create a Time-Dependent Field
a
Create a Time-Dependent Field for

the top plate to compress the
spring. The velocity will be 0. at
time=0, and -6.8 at time = 1.
e g
Create Non-Spatial in the LBC
Fields group b
b. Enter Table1 for Field Name d f
d. Click the top left cell.
e. Enter time data: 0 <return>
and 1 <return>
f. Click the top right cell.
g. Enter velocity data: 0 <return>
and -6.8 <return>
h. Click OK. c
i. Click Apply.
h

WS10 - 14
Step 7. Create Contact Bodies
a
Create a deformable contact body for the spring.

a. Click Deformable in the Contact Bodies group
b. Enter Spring for New Set Name
c. Click Select Application Region
d. Select Solid 1 in the viewport
e. Click Add.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply.
e
b
c
f
g

WS10 - 15
Step 7. Create Contact Bodies (Cont.)
a
Create bottom Rigid contact body

with friction coefficient = 0.3.
a. Click Rigid in the Contact
Bodies group.
b. Enter Bottom_Plate for the
New Set Name d
c. Click Input Data. i
d. Pull down Motion Control to e
Position k
e. Enter Friction Coefficient (MU)
value: 0.3
f. Enter <0.,1.,0.> for Approach
Velocity.
g. Click OK. b
h. Click Select Application l
Region
i. Click in the Select Surfaces list
box
j. Select the lower surface in the j c
viewport h
k. Click Add. f
l. Click OK.
m. Click Apply. m
g
WS10 - 16
Create top Rigid contact body with
friction coefficient = 0.3 c
downward movement in the Y
direction of 6.8 mm.
a. Enter Top_Plate for New Set
Name
b. Click Input Data
d
c. Check Flip Contact Side
d. Enter <0.,1.,0.> for Displacement
(vector)
l e
e. Click in the Displacement vs.
Time field data box g
f. Select Table1 from Time-
Dependent Fields collection box
g. Enter Friction Coefficient (MU) f
value: 0.3
m
h. Enter <0.,-1.,0.> for Approach a
Velocity.
i. Click OK k
j. Click Select Application
Region
k. Select the Top Surface from the
b
viewport h j
l. Click Add
m. Click OK n
n. Click Apply
i
WS10 - 17
a
a. Click Plot Markers in the LBC

Actions group
b. Select Top_Plate from the
Assigned Loads/BC Sets
collection box
c. Click Apply. You should see c
the normal of the Top_Plate is
pointed away from the Spring d
d. Select Bottom_Plate from b
Assigned Loads/BC Sets
collection box
e. Click Apply. You should see
the normal of the bottom_Plate
is pointed away from the
Spring
If the normal of a rigid contact body is e

pointed to the Spring, go back to the rigid
contact body definition and
check/uncheck Flip Contact Side
c
e
WS10 - 18
Step 8. Create Contact Table
a
Create Contact Table

a. Under the Analysis tab, c
click Entire Model, in the
Analyze group.
b. Click Load Step Creation
c. Click Default Static Step
from Existing Load Steps
box
d. Click Solution
Parameters
e. Click Contact Table d
e

WS10 - 19
Step 8. Create Contact Table (Cont.)
b c
Create Contact Table. Top Plate is
touching the Spring. Bottom Plate
is glued to the Spring.
a. Click Touch All
b. On the contact table, click the T
at the intersection between 1-
Spring and 2-Bottom_Plate
twice. (The second click
changes T to G)
c. Click the T at the intersection
between 1-Spring and 3-
Top_Plate
d. Enter 1E7 for Separation d
Threshold
e. Click OK
e
WS10 - 20
Step 9. Set Load Increment Parameters
Set Load Increment
Parameters
a. Click Load Increment
Params
b. Enter 0.01 for
Maximum Time Step b
c. Click OK
d. Click OK
e. Click Select Load
Case
f. Make sure that the a
Default loadcase is e
highlighted.
g. Click OK
h. Click Apply c
i. Click Yes. d
j. Click Cancel h j
i g

WS10 - 21
Step 9. Set Load Increment Parameters (Cont.)
Set Friction Parameters
a. Click Job Parameters
b. Pull down MSC.Marc
Version and select 2017.
c. Click Contact
Parameters b
d. Click Friction.
e. Pull down Type to
c
Bilinear Coulomb.
f. Click OK.
g. Click OK.
h. Click OK.
d
e
f g h

WS10 - 22
Step 10. Request Output and Run Job
Output Requests
a. Click Load Step Creation d
b. Click Output Requests
c. Click Select Element
Results
d. In the Available Results Type
box, select STRAIN, TOTAL
COMPONENTS (301) and
STRESS, COMPONENTS
(global system) (411)
b
e. Click OK.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Apply. g i
h. Click Yes in the message
pop-up form.
i. Click Cancel.
c a
h f
WS10 - 23
Step 10. Request Output and Run Job (Cont.)
a. Click Load Step Selection.
Make sure that the Default d
Static Step appears in the
Select Load Steps box. If not,
select it from the Existing Load
Steps box
b. Click OK.
c. Click Apply to run the job
d. Pull down Action to Monitor
and select View Status File.
When exit number 3004
appears the analysis will be
completed.
e. Close status file.
b
d
a

WS10 - 24
Step 11. Post-Process with Patran
a
a. Under Analysis tab, click

group.
c. Select Spring_Contact.t16 c
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply.

WS10 - 25
a
a. Under Results tab, click

Quick Plot group.
b. In Select Result Cases box, b
scroll down and select the last
step.
c. In the Select Fringe Result box,
select Stress, Global system
d. In Select Deformation Result c
box, select Displacement, f
Translation.
e. Click Deform Attributes.
f. Uncheck Show Undeformed.
d
g. Click Apply.

WS10 - 26
Deformed Body with Equivalent Stress

WS10 - 27
a
b
Create Load vs. Deflection Time
History Plot
a. Click Graph in the Result
Plots group
b. Click Select Subcases.
c. Click Filter.
d. Click Apply.
f
e. Click Close.
g
f. Pull down Y to Global
Variable. c
g. Pull down Y Variable to Body
Top_Plate, Force Y
h. Pull down X Variable to Body
Top_Plate, Position Y
i. Click Apply.
h
d e
i

WS10 - 28
Load vs. Deflection Time-History

WS10 - 29
Step 12. Improve the Result by Converting to
Tet10
a
Remove Result Attachment

T16/19 Attachment in the
Delete group
b. In Existing Files box, select the
Spring_Contact.t16
c. Click Apply
b

WS10 - 30
Step 12. Improve the Result by Converting to
Tet10 (Cont.)
Convert the model to tetra10

elements.
c
the Modify in the FEA Actions
group.
b. Pull down Object to Element
c. Check Type. d
d. Pull down Shape to Tet g
e. Select Tet10 from the New e
Topology box
f. Uncheck Auto Execute
g. In Element List box, select all f
elements from the viewport
h. Click Apply. g
h

WS10 - 31
Step 13. Rerun the Analysis
a
Create a new job

Entire Model in the Analyze
group
b. Click Job Name box
c. Enter Job Name:
Spring_Contact_tet10
d. Click Apply.
e. Pull down Action to Monitor.
f. Click View Status File... When b c
the job is done, the exit number
3004 is shown in the end of the
status file

WS10 - 32
Step 14. Compare Load vs. Deflection Time-
History
a
Open Post File

group
b. Click Select Results File c
c. Select
Spring_Contact_tet10.t16
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply.
d

WS10 - 33
Step 14. Compare Load vs. Deflection Time-
History (Cont.)
a
Create Load vs. Deflection Time b

History Plot
a. Under Results tab, click Graph
in the Result Plots group.
b. Click Select Subcases icon.
c. Click Filter.
d. Click Apply.
c
e. Click Close. f
f. Pull down Y to Global g
Variable.
g. Pull down Y Variable to Body
Top_Plate, Force Y.
h. Pull down X Variable to Body
Top_Plate, Position Y.
i. Click Apply. h
d e
i

WS10 - 34
Load vs. Deflection Time-History Plot
Comparison between tet4 and tet10 Element
Class
Elements Class tetra(4) Elements Class tetra(10)

WS10 - 35
Additional Problem
Torsional Loads of Existing Model
• Measure Axial Growth with 1 Revolution of Winding using Load
control on the Top plate rigid body. Allow the Top_Plate rigid
body to move in the Y-direction.

WS10 - 36

Marc 2017.1 Training 120 Workbook 636522147316424295 PDF

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Marc 2017.1 Training 120 Workbook 636522147316424295 PDF

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Basic Nonlinear Analysis using

Marc and Patran

1 CAD Import and Repair

MAR120, Workshop 0, January 2018

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

Check model for free surface c

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

Create a Boundary Representation a

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

Determine the length of the shortest solid

Let’s see what happens

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

Make a copy of the original model.

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

a. Note the messages in the

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

Check newly imported model for

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

Visually compare the two surfaces.

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

Visually compare the two surfaces.

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

Let’s try again with a much lower GMT.

b. Import the IGES file again. (Steps 3).

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

a. Verify the free edges in the

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

a. Under the Home tab, click View e

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

a. Under the Geometry tab, click d

Distance 9.846E-5 > GMT = 5E-5

Repair gaps between the surfaces.

Check the model again for

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

Mesh the solid

MAR120, Workshop 1, January 2018

MAR120, Workshop 2, January 2018

MAR120, Workshop 2, January 2018

(Data in next page)

MAR120, Workshop 2, January 2018

Length, L 100.0 in 2.54 m

MAR120, Workshop 2, January 2018

Workshop 2C Nonlinear Analysis of Cantilever Beam

MAR120, Workshop 2, January 2018

Create a new database named

MAR120, Workshop 2, January 2018

Create the surface.

MAR120, Workshop 2, January 2018

Create the finite element mesh

MAR120, Workshop 2, January 2018

Mesh the surface with Quad4 finite

MAR120, Workshop 2, January 2018

Create the material property: Steel.

Now create the properties of the

MAR120, Workshop 2, January 2018

MAR120, Workshop 2, January 2018