Chapter 1

Problem and Its Background

Introduction

Education helps the people to be globally competitive. This makes the

people capable of succeeding their goals in life. It gives the people opportunity to

be matured enough to face the challenges in the world.

As stated on the general provision in the 1987 Philippine Constitution,

Article XIV, Section I, states that “The state shall protect and promote the rights

of all the citizens to quality education and shall take the necessary step to make

such education accessible to all.

This general provision emphasized that school shall provide quality

education to all. People are learning right from birth so the government is here to

help the nation to develop all of their attributes and skills.

Nowadays people are exposed to technology and as time pass by the

people learn to use technology to different things such as cooking your favorite

food, buying the popular clothes with just one tap, communicating with your

relatives and transferring knowledge to the 21 st century learners.

One of the greatest contributions of technology in our today’s generation is

the multimedia. Multimedia is a very powerful tool in teaching as it enables

students to relate with the lesson. School Administrators, teachers and parents

should collide and plan an action that can help the students of today’s generation

to be well-verse in all aspects.

School is the second home of the students. This is where the students are
being mold and having inappropriate teaching materials and school environment

can hinder the good academic growth of the students.

Alfar (2009) multimedia help learners to remember and transfer

knowledge more effectively. Therefore, using text, images, videos, animations

and other interactive materials in a classroom can improve the level of academic

performance of the students.

Barbara Fredrickson, a psychologist, said that experiencing positive

emotions make people see more possibilities in their lives. Using multimedia

during instruction impacts student’s mood during the learning process. With a

positive attitude they learn better and tend to be more proactive.

In today’s generation we are expose with technology. It has the ability to

relieve our stress. Moreover, the best examples of these are watching funny

videos, reading witty articles, listen to pleasing songs and any activity that can

make our mood feel better.

Nick McGillivray (2015) stated that teachers are able to easily collaborate

and communicate with the students when multimedia is in use. Students have

easy and free access to resources online to help them learn. In addition, it has a

good effect with the student’s grade and it also reduces absenteeism.

Using multimedia in class is a great motivational factor and effective

learning materials. It helps the school so as the teachers to transfer the new

knowledge in today’s rapidly changing world. The quality of education

significantly influences how student learn and conduct themselves.

Administrators should plot programs that can boost the student’s learning
process to have positive outcomes.

Williams, Persaud and Turner (2008) said that it is believed that a well-

planned school will gear up expected outcomes of education that will facilitate

good social political and economic emancipation, effective teaching-learning

process and academic performance of pupils.

Having a low quality education can make the students more inactive in

school. However, children without encouraging family are more likely not to finish

their study because they are lack of motivating factors. Therefore, school and

parents should help each other to give better education to the 21 st century

learners.

Rita Tavares (2016) media should be used judiciously in the learning

process. Media can be used to motivate discussions or lock in concepts. This

shows how media can grab the attention of the learners. Evidently it stimulates

learning for it can arouse the interest of the learners to learn in a long period of

time.

The study of Paul Brett investigates listening performance in a computer-

based multimedia environment. It compare learners success rates on

comprehension and language recall tasks while using the three different media of

audio, video and multimedia. Results of performance on tasks showed more

comprehension and recall while using multimedia than audio or video plus pen

and paper. A learner questionnaire indicated possible reasons for the greater

success of multimedia. Implications of these results for the use of multimedia for

listening comprehension are then discussed. Among these is multimedia

delivered listening comprehension tasks may be more efficient and that on-going

feedback to tasks should improve comprehension.

This study shows how effective the multimedia as instructional materials. It

boosts the learning capabilities of a learner. It enables a learner to cope up with

the lesson to produce positive outcomes.

Integrating multi-media based teaching into the classroom keep the focus

of the learners to the lesson. It can also improve the critical thinking and

reasoning that will be needed in the learning process. Tradition teaching can be

boring for the learners because we are already in the modern time which

everything are in the power or control of technology.

Clement (2002) stated that Philippine Education into 21 st century has

emphasized the preparation of multi-media, an upper galilees project for

teachers. According to him, there is some seminar work on the use of multi-

media for education in the Philippines. The University of the Philippines is

beaming lessons via satellite. To be supported by private as well as public, the

project also calls for the rigid training of teachers chosen to administer the “high-

tech” program.

Teachers should have trainings that can improve, enhance and maximize

their capabilities to provide basic instruction to the learners that will help them

succeed in life. Thus, the school must support the financial expenses for the

instructional materials needed by the teachers in implementation of the lesson.

Hidalgo (2004) states the role that mass media particularly radio and

television, play in the life of the modern man. They have become an establish
part of our life. We cannot deny the fact that not only boys and girls but also

adults are acquiring part of their education from the mass media. What originally

was only a source of entertainment has now been recognized as a valuable

medium of education.

The more sense involved, the more effective becomes the learning

process. Engaging more than one sense improves the student’s cognitive skills.

Multimedia in classroom has both tangible and intangible outcomes to the

learner’s performance.

Clemena and Bago (2003) made a study on Media Assisted Integrative

Learning in Higher Education. This introduced new aspect that allows innovations

and improvements in products, services and lifestyles. According to them, mass

media has become part of student’s environment and daily life experiences. The

question remains however, as to the extent to which those media are being used

for instructional purposes, especially in higher education. They further stresses

that the filled of education itself has not been without its own innovations. Various

educational models and instructional strategies have been developed and

implemented to meet the continuing challenge of improving student’s

achievement level making them more productive members of the society.

Multimedia allows to develop the multi-intelligence skills of the 21 st century

learners. It enables to equip the students with the different skills crucial to be

globally competitive. Aside from that, use of multimedia is not a luxurious matter.

Instead, it is one of the needs in the teaching-learning processes. Furthermore, it

adds color and challenges to manipulative experiences of all the students.

 This study is about the factors that affect the significance of using

multimedia as the main tool in the execution of the everyday lesson. In view of

this, proper assistance by accomplishing the intervention to obtain the favorable

action and support of the Administration of Tomas Claudio Colleges will be given.

The researcher’s objectives are to promote the use of multimedia

technology in delivering a lesson, to enable students to be globally competitive,

to develop the students’ creativity and higher order thinking skills, and to analyze

the effectiveness of teaching and learning through the use of multimedia as

instructional material to the Grade 11 students of HUMSS A.

Vicinity Map of Tomas Claudio Colleges Morong, Rizal

Setting of the Study

Tomas Claudio Memorial College is a community-owned and community-

based institution of learning in Eastern Rizal. It was founded on August 15, 1950

in honor of Tomas Claudio, a national hero from Morong, who died during the

First World War fighting for democracy.

The College was originally located in downtown Morong. The High school

Department was transferred in 1989 followed by the Administrative group and the

College Department in 1993, and the Elementary School in 1995 in the scenic

and sprawling twelve-hectare campus at SitioTaghangin about a kilometer from

the Poblacion.

The College initially offered a two-year course leading to the title Associate

in Arts. Other four-year degree courses, Bachelor of Science in Education, and

Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education and Bachelor of Science in

Commerce were offered in 1964-1965 upon recognition by the Government

through Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS). Other programs

subsequently offered were Bachelor of Science in Accountancy, Bachelor of

Science in Computer Science/Information Technology, Bachelor of Public

Administration, Arts and Bachelor of Science in Nursing.

In 1975, a Graduate degree program in education (MAED) was started in

consortium with Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology

(EARIST). In 1989-1990, it was felt that the College was qualified to offer its own

graduate programs and DECS granted a permit and recognize.

Vision and Mission of Tomas Claudio Colleges

The Tomas Claudio Colleges Basic Education Department envisions to be

the best institution of learning empowered to educate the youth to become

responsible leaders of the community, to instill in them the Claudian spirit and to

maintain as benchmark in the field of technology.

To realize its aim the Tomas Claudio Colleges Basic Education

Department will: provide basic instructions that will prepare them succeed in

today’s rapidly changing world and develop citizens who are God-loving, honest,

self-reliant, and committed to conserve the country’s natural resources.

Theoretical Framework

Theory of Cognitive Flexibility of Spiro et al. stated that offering many

different ways to represent the same concepts or eLearning content is extreme

value to the learners and this could be translated to an instructional design that

makes extensive use of multimedia which results to better understanding and

longer retention of knowledge. This theory also concerned with the transfer of the

knowledge in adaptive response to radically changing situational demands and it

is specifically formulated to support the use of interactive technology.

The cited theory is very much appropriate in the conduct of the present

study since its aim is to know the factors affecting the effectiveness of using

multimedia as instructional materials of Grade 11 HUMSS students. In addition,

learning activities and materials should be challenging enough to push our limits

that result to improvements and having different ways to present the lesson can

bring out innovative ideas.

 Motivating factors also improve the level of efficiency of students, enhance

the digital citizenship skills and help us to achieve our goals. The use of

multimedia is effective in increasing academic performance because it gives

color to the discussion. It is one way to have the most up-to-date information

quicker. Using multimedia in teaching can also encourage the students to

stimulate the learning process.

Having good connection with the lesson produce positive outcomes to

student’s performance and exploring with developed field has enormous social

and academic benefits. In addition, reflective practices help us to enhance our

emotional intelligence and strategic skills that can encourage active engagement

in our learning environment.

Conceptual Framework

The first frame is composed of profile of the respondents and the factors

that affect the effectiveness of multimedia as instructional materials.

The second frame includes the systematical actions that will be done by

the researchers during the process of research.

The third frame refers to the output of the study which the plan of actions

to improve the performance of the students through using multimedia as

instructional materials.

The arrows indicate that the variables and factors have significant

relationship. Feedback means to return to the input because it is a continuous

process.
 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Profile of the
respondents in terms  Formulating the
of: Questionnaire
 Validation of Plan of Actions
 Age
 Sex Questionnaire that can improve
 Monthly Family Income  Conducting the the students’
Research education
Factors that affect  Data Collection through the use
the effectiveness  Data Processing
of multimedia as of multimedia as
 Data Analysis
instructional instructional
materials: and
Interpretation materials
Teacher related factor
Parent Factor
Classroom
Environment
Social Relationship
Student’s Attitudes
toward the lesson

FEEDBACK

Figure 1

Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Using Multimedia as Instructional

Materials of Grade 11 HUMSS A in Tomas Claudio Colleges School Year
2017-2018

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the

effectiveness of using multimedia as instructional materials of Grade 11 HUMSS

A in Tomas Claudio Colleges School Year 2017-2018.

Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions:

1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of

 1.1 sex;
1.2 age;
1.3 Monthly family income?
2. Is there significant difference between Factors Affecting the Effectiveness

of Using Multimedia as Instructional Materials of Grade 11 HUMSS A in

Tomas Claudio Colleges?

3. Is there significant difference between the performance of Grade 11

HUMSS A in relation to the factors affecting the effectiveness of using

multimedia as instructional materials?

Hypothesis of the Study

The study tested the following null hypothesis:

1. There is no significant relationship between the performance of Grade 11

HUMSS A in relation to the factors affecting the effectiveness of using multimedia

as instructional materials.

2. There is a significant relationship between the performance of Grade 11

HUMSS A in relation to the factors affecting the effectiveness of using multimedia

as instructional materials.

3. There is no relationship between the factors affecting the effectiveness of

using multimedia as instructional materials of Grade 11 HUMSS A in Tomas

Claudio Colleges with respect to the profile of the respondents.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study would be highly significant and beneficial

specifically to the following:

School Administrators. This study will help them gain insights into the

quality of education that they currently offer to the K-12 students.

 Teachers. This study will help them to realize the importance of

multimedia as instructional materials.

Students. This study will help them to have high academic performance

and quality education that will help them succeed in life.

Parents. This study will help them realize the importance of their

encouragement and support to their sons/daughters.

Future Researchers. The result of this study might serve as guide in

making researches or studies related to the topic.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study aims to determine the factors affecting the effectiveness of

using multimedia as instructional materials of Grade 11 HUMSS A in Tomas

Claudio Colleges School Year 2017-2018. The respondents of the study are

composed of twenty (20) or the one hundred percent (100%) of the Grade 11

HUMSS A students. They were described in terms of sex, age, and monthly

family income. A questionnaire-checklist will be used as the main instrument in

gathering the needed data on the factors affecting the effectiveness of using

multimedia as instructional materials of Grade 11 HUMSS A students.

Descriptive method of research will be use to determine the factors

affecting the effectiveness of using multimedia as instructional materials of Grade

11 HUMSS A students in Tomas Claudio Colleges.

Definition of Terms
 These following terms in the study were defined operationally for

understanding and further clarity:

Multimedia. This refers to the use of music, video, and images to present

a certain topic.

Academic Performance. This pertains to the outcome of education to

which students, teachers and school has achieved their goals.

Monthly Family Income. This refers to the monthly earnings of the family.

Strategic Skills. This refers to the ability to create new and efficient

strategies.

Globally Competitive. This refers to the ability to compete with other

countries packed with new skills, information and knowledge.

Quality Education. This means providing all the capabilities and

knowledge that will help them to be globally competitive.

Comprehension. This pertains to the ability to understand the

significance and nature of something.

Feedback. This refers to the positive and negative reaction about

something.

Technology. This pertains to the upgrade gadgets and new concepts.

Education. This is the process of learning knowledge, values and

habits to enhance your skills.