INTRODUCTION

Language is the important element in our live. Every community employs language
for the purpose of communication. Language is made up of two basic parts: Form and
Meaning. The form is what we refer to as words. Words have different meanings based on the
context of use as well as the culture that uses it. Meyer (2002: 1) states language as one of
many different systems of communication, a system that is unique to human beings and
different from, for instance, the system of communication that animals employ. Language
exist in three modes: speech, writing and signs (which are used by people who are deaf)
although all languages (with the exception of sign language) exist in spoken form, only some
have written forms. According to Uwajeh (2002: 12) language is defined as “the instrument
we employ for the purpose of communication. It is made up of form and meaning. These two
are inseparable.” The form is the unit employed to represent the object in reality. In other
words, the meaning of an object is attached to the word we ascribe to it.
Whorf, (1956: 213 in Code, 1980: 249) states “we cut up nature, organize it into
concepts and ascribe significance as we do largely because we are parties to an agreement to
organize it in this way an agreement that holds throughout our speech community and is
codified in the patterns of our language.” It is worthy of note to state here that people’s
world view differs culturally. This is simply based on the fact that reality differs among
cultures. Invariably, different language groups have different views of similar reality. Thus,
lexical distinctions drawn by distinct languages are reflections of the society in which the
languages are spoken, revealing a significant relationship between lexical and cultural
realities. This difference also reflects in their linguistic and cultural reality. Words are never
created for objects that have not been experienced. People only create words for objects
within their world view. This article examines some semantic fields in Indonesia and Madura
language.

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 DISCUSSION

The Semantic Field Theory

The Semantic Field Theory is a linguistic theory which originated and developed in
the 1930s based on the argument that lexical items of any language must be categorized into
different fields according to their definition and interrelationship with one another. The first
group of scholars to adopt a linguistic approach to the study of Semantic fields was the
Germans one of who explained how semantic field structures can change over time (Tries,
1934). The major idea about the semantic field theory is imposing order in any language by
organizing the vocabulary items in a language into “fields of meaning”. For example, the
lexemes denoting the different kinds of fruits may be grouped together to form a semantic
field. Other semantic fields include: numerals, parts of the body, tools, jobs, colours, etc. In
this article, we shall attempt a contrastive analysis of the following tree semantic fields in
Indonesia and Madura language: colors, parts of the body, numerals and fruits.

Color names in Indonesia

There are six color names that we chooses in Indonesia language: merah, kuning, orange,
ungu, biru, and hijau.

Color names in Madura

There are six color names that we chooses in Madura language: mera, koneng, konyek kapor,
bungoh, biru and biru.

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 No. Color names in Indonesia Color names in Madura

1. Merah Mera
2. Kuning Koneng
3. Orange Konyek kapor
4. Ungu Bungoh
5. Biru Biru
6. Hijau Biru

Table. 1

Besides these identified above, there are different lexical items which happens
between Indonesia and Madura language. Like “merah” in Indonesia changed in Madura to
be “mera” without the end “h”sound but the meaning is same. Like “kuning” in Indonesia
changed in Madura to be “koneng” where sound of vowel “u => o” and “i => e” , but the
meaning is same. Like “orange” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be “konyek kapor” where
in Indonesia has 1 morpheme and in Madura has 2 morpheme, but the meaning is same. Like
“ungu” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be “bungoh” where there are affix “b & h” and “u
=> o” in Madura, but the meaning is same. Like “biru” in Indonesia it is not change lexical
item and mean in Madura. Like “hijau” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be “biru” where
in Madura it changes lexical item and means because the meaning of “biru” itself has two
means (blue and green color) and in fact, Madurese do not have vocab or word or uncomman
to describe color name “hijau” so that in perspective Madurese between “biru and hijau” are
same color.

Numerals name in Indonesia

There are ten numerals name that we chooses in Indonesia language: satu, dua,tiga, empat,
lima, enam, tujuh, delapan, sembilan, and sepuluh.

Numerals name in Madura

There are ten numerals name that we chooses in Madura language: sittong, duwek, tellok,
empak, lemak, ennem, pettok, belluk, sangak, and sepolo.

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 No. Numerals name in Indonesia Numerals name in Madura

1. Satu Settong
2. Dua Duwek
3. Tiga Tellok
4. Empat Empak
5. Lima Lemak
6. Enam Ennem

7. Tujuh Pettok

8. Delapan Belluk
9. Sembilan Sangak
10. Sepuluh Sepolo
Table. 2

Besides these identified above, there are different lexical items which happens
between Indonesia and Madura language. Like “satu” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be
“settong” where in Madura the consonant “t => tt” has been duplicated, affixation “ng” and
change sound of vowel “a => e & u => o” , but the meaning is same. Like “dua” in Indonesia
changed in Madura to be “duwek” where in Madura add at middle word “w” and at end word
“k”, change sound of vowel “a => e” and also it is two means in Madura “ duwek” like name
of fruit and numerals name. Like “tiga” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be “tellok” where
in Madura the consonant “g => ll” , change sound of vowel “i => e & a => o” and affixation
“k” in the end word, but the meaning is same. Like “empat” in Indonesia changed in Madura
to be “empak” where in Madura there is affixation “k” in the end word, but the meaning is
same. Like “lima” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be “lemak” where in Madura it changes
sound of vowel “i => e”, affixation “ k”, and it is two means like “delicious” and numerals
name in Madura. Like “enam” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be “ennem” where in
Madura the consonant “n => nn” has been duplicated, changes sound of vowel “a => e”, but
the meaning is same.

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 Like “tujuh” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be “pettok” where in Madura the
consonant first “t => p”, duplicated consonant “j => tt”, changed sound of vowel “u => e & u
=> o”, affixated “k”, but the meaning is same. Like “delapan” in Indonesia changed in
Madura to be “belluk” where in Madura it is change the consonant first and end of word “d
=> b & n => k”, duplicated “ll” , less of word “a,p” , and changes sound of vowel “a => u”
but the meaning is same. Like “sembilan” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be “sangak”
where in Madura it is change sound of vowel “e => a”, less of word “i,l”, changes of
consonat “mb => ng & n => k” , but the meaning is same. Like “sepuluh” in Indonesia
changed in Madura to be “sepolo” where in Madura it is cahne sound of vowel “u => o” , less
of word “h” , and it is two means like name of city in Madura and numerals name.

Name of fruits in Indonesia

There are five name of fruits that we chooses in English language: rambutan, kurma, sukun,
ketela, and jeruk.

Name of fruits in Madura

There are five name of fruits that we chooses in Madura language: rambutan, kormah, sokon,
telah, and jerruk.

No. Name of fruits in English Name of fruits in Madura

1. Rambutan Rambutan
2. Kurma Kormah
3. Sukun Sokon
4. Ketela Telah
5. Jeruk Jerruk
Table. 3

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 Besides these identified above, there are different lexical items which happens
between Indonesia and Madura language. Like “rambutan” in Indonesia and in Madura are
not change lecixal item and same meaning. Like “kurma” in Indonesia changed in Madura to
be “kormah” where in Madura it is change sound of vowel “u => o” , and affixation “h”, but
the meaning is same. Like “sukun” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be “sokon” where it is
change sound of vowel “u => o” , but the meaning is same. Like “ketela” in Indonesia
changed in Madura to be “telah” where in Madura it is less of word “k,e”, and affixation “h”,
but the meaning is same. Like “jeruk” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be “jerruk” where
in Madura it is duplicate of consonant “r => rr”, but the meaning is same.

Name parts of body in Indonesia

There are four name parts of body that we chooses in Indonesia language: pipi, bahu, kuku,
and tulang.

Name parts of body in Madura

There are four name parts of body that we chooses in Madura language: pepeh, beuh, kokoh,
and tolang.

No. Name parts of body in Indonesia Name parts of body in Madura

1. Pipi Pepeh
2. Bahu Beuh
3. Kuku Kokoh
4. Tulang Tolang
Table. 4

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 Besides these identified above, there are different lexical items which happens
between Indonesia and Madura language. Like “pipi” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be
“pepeh” where in Madura it is change sound of vowel “i => e” and affix in end of word “h”,
but the meaning is same. Like “bahu” in Indonesi changed in Madura to be “beuh” where in
Madura it is change sound of vowel “a => e”, less of word “h”, and affix “h” , and also it is
two means like “smelly” and name parts of body in Madura. Like “kuku” in Indonesia
changed in Madura to be “kokoh” where it is change sound of vowel “u => o” and affix “h” ,
and also it is two meants like in Indonesia “kokoh” is sturdy and in Madura is name parts of
body. Like “tulang” in Indonesia changed in Madura to be “tolang” where in Madura it is
change sound of vowel “u => o” , but the meaning is same.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we identified four semantic fields between Indonesia and Madura

langiage in which lexical items can be categorized such as colors, parts of the body, numerals
and fruits. Using the lexical categories, we observed that there is a significant relationship
between a people’s lexical and cultural reality is not only same but it is different to mean the
word. This is as a result of the fact that people have words only for those things experienced
in their world-view.

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 References :

Code, D. (1980). Language and knowledge. In word 31:289

Meyer. (2002). Introducing English Linguistics.

Cambridge University Press,978-0-521-54122-0, p. 1

https://assets.cambridge.org/97805215/41220/excerpt/9780521541220_excerpt.pdf

Tries. 1934. A Contrastive Analysis Of Some Semantic Fields Of Study In English And Ẹdo.

https://www.globalacademicgroup.com/journals/knowledgereview/A Contrastive...

Uwajeh, M.K.C.(2002). A course in performative linguistics, Spectrum Books Limited,

Ibadan. Nigeria. p. 12

Wallwork, J. (1969).Language and lnguistics: An introduction to the study of

language,London. Heinemann.