HEAT TRANSFER- TUTORIALS 5 and 6

1. A composed well with area A  2 m 2 has following structure from inside to outside:
- built-up concrete with thickness 1  40 mm and the thermal conductivity
k1  0.70 W / m deg .
- chemical foam with  2  40 mm and k 2  0.05 W / m deg ;
- built-up with  3  40 mm and k 3  0.90 W / m deg ;
- well ceramic ware with  4  4 mm and k 4  1.1 W / m deg ;

Ambient temperatures and convection heat transfer coefficients are following:

- to inside: t f 1  18 C and h f 1  8.05 W / m 2 deg ;
- to outside: t f 2  10 C and h f 2  21.5 W / m 2 deg .
Determine:
a) the thermal resistance of the composed well;
b) the heat flux rate through composed wall;
c) temperatures on well surfaces;
d) which is the value of temperature in well ceramic ware layer center.

2. A stainless steel pipe has an inner diameter of d1  170 mm and an outer diameter of
d 2  190 mm . The temperature of the inner surface of the pipe is t w1  130 C and the temperature
of the outer surface is t w1  120 C . The thermal conductivity of the stainless steel is
k  44 W / m deg . Through pipe flow steam with t f 1  150 C . The ambient temperature is
t f 2  15 C .
Determine:
- the heat transfer rate through the pipe with length l  1 m ;
- convection heat transfer coefficients and overall heat transfer coefficient;
- which is value of the heat flux rate and heat transfer global coefficient in the case:
- h f 1  2h f 1 and h f 2  2h f 2

3. Through pipe with of inner diameter d  39.5 mm flow industrial oil was having the
temperature T f  313 K and the velocity u  0.5 m / s . The temperature of the inside surface pipe
is Tw  315 K . Determine convection heat transfer coefficient from of the inside surface pipe to
industrial oil.
For industrial oil with the temperature T f  313 K :
- the thermal conductivity k  0.109 W / m deg ;
- the kinematic viscosity   10.3  10 4 m 2 / s ;
- the Prandtl number Pr  146 and Prw  139.2 ;
- the coefficient of volume expansion   7  10 4 K 1 .

1
Solution:

Reynolds Number: Re  uL  uL  ML  0.5  0.0395  19.17
  4
 10.3  10
For streamline flow:
0.25
 Pr 
Nu  0.15  Re  Pr  Gr  
0.33 0.43  0.1

 Prw 
gL3T 7  10 4  9.81  0.0395
3
where Grashof Number: Gr    315  313  0.8
2 10.3  10 4 2
0.25
 146 
Nu  0.15  19.17  146  0.8  
0.33 0.43 
0.1
 26.7
 139.2 p 
 
hL Nu  k 26.7  0.109 W
Nu  h   73.6 2
k L 0.0395 m  deg

2
 4. Into horizontal multi-cannular heat exchange, it preparation hot water from the
temperature T2  278 K to the temperature T2  338 K . The water on core circuit, which flow in
of the space between pipes and casing, it cooling from the temperature T1  393 K to the
temperature T1  343 K . The water on secondary circuit, flow in counter-flow through 55 brass
pipes k brass  96 W / m  deg  with d e    16  1 mm having mass flow rate M2  7.2 kg / s .
Determine the heating surface and the heating surface in the case some salts deposits with
thickness  d  0.5 mm k d  1.5 W / m  deg  . The casing of protection had of the diameter
De    218  6.5 mm

Solution:
T1  T1 393  343
T1ave    368 K  k1  0.68 W / m deg ; 1  0.31  10 6 m 2 / s ;
2 2
Pr1  1.85 ; c p1  4210 J / kg  K ; 1  961.5 kg / m 3

T2  T2 278  338

T2 ave    308 K  k 2  0.62 W / m deg ;  2  0.75  10 6 m 2 / s ;
2 2
Pr2  4.85 ; c p 2  4178 J / kg  K ;  2  993.5 kg / m 3

Q Q
The heating surface Q U  S  Taveage  S  and S d 
U  Taverage U d  Taverage
The heat flux rate of the heat exchange is:
Q M1c p1 T1  T1  M2 c p 2 T2  T2   Q M2 c p 2 T2  T2   7.2  4178338  278  1820000 W
Overall heat transfer coefficients are:
1 1
U  and U d 
1  1 1   1
 bass   bass  d 
h1 k brass h2 h1 k brass kd h2

where convection heat transfer coefficients are:

- for heating: Nu 2  0.0209  Re 2 0.8  Pr2 0.45 - Timofeev’s equation.
u2 d i 0.825  0.014
Re 2    15300  10 4 - turbulent flow
2 0.75  10  6
M2 d i   0.0142
2
7.2
u2    0.825 m / s where S 2  n   55   0.0088 m 2
2  S2 993.5  0.0088 4 4

Thus Nu 2  0.0209  153002 0.8  4.852 0.45  96

hi  d i Nu2  k 2 96  0.62 W
Nu2   hi    4250 2
k2 di 0.014 m  deg

- for cooling: Nu1  0.0263  Re10.8  Pr10.35 - Timofeev’s equation.

u1d ech 0.397  0.0325
Re1    41600  10 4 - turbulent flow
1 0.31  10  6
M1 8.63 4S 4S1 4  0.0225
u1    0.397 m / s ; d ech  1    0.0325
1  S1 961.5  0.0225 P nd e 55    0.016

where

3
 Q 1820000
M1    8.63 kg / s
c p1 T1  T1  4210393  343
 


S1 
4

 2
 
Di  n  d e  0.2062  55  0.0162   0.0225 m 2
2

Thus Nu1  0.0263  416000.8  1.850.35  162

he  d ech Nu1  k1 162  0.68 W
Nu1   he    3390 2
k1 d ech 0.0325 m  deg

Overall heat transfer coefficients are:

1 1
U    1850 W / m 2  deg
1  bass 1 1 0.001 1
   
hi k brass he 4250 96 3390
1 1
Ud    1145 W / m 2  deg
1  bass d 1 1 0.001 0.0005 1
     
h1 k brass kd h2 4250 96 1.5 3390

The log mean temperature difference:

T2  T1
for counter-flow Tm 
T
ln 2
T1
where T1  T1  T2  393  338  55 K ,
T2  T1  T2  343  278  65 K

T2  T1 65  55
Consecutively Tm    58.5 K
T2 65
ln ln
T1 55

Q 1820000
Heating surfaces: S    16.75 m 2
U  Taverage 1850  58.5
Q 1820000
Sd    27 m 2 .
U d  Taverage 1145  58.5