Chapter - 1: Bicycle Operated Pedal Power Water Pump

[BICYCLE OPERATED PEDAL POWER WATER PUMP April 15, 2015
CHAPTER - 1
ABSTRACT
A Water system includes a reciprocating pump operated by pedaling

power. The pump set and includes a housing in which a foot pedal and drive
shaft rotate an eccentric pin rotating with the drive shaft moves a connecting
rod which in turn causes push rod to move linearly. The pushrod extends into
a pressure tight chamber formed above the rising main. A pump rod
connected to the push-rod extends to the conventional plunger through
verified motion. Pumps are a common means of lifting water from a clean
ground water source to a useful point of access, but all pumps have moving
parts and are therefore destined to break proper selection of a pump will
reduce undesirable downtime and will empower the local community to
manage their water source. Here we use the foot pedal pump, powered by our
legs instead of arms to lift the water from a depth range of two ft.
DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 1

CHAPTER - 2
CHARACTERISTIC OF PROJECT
The following are the main characteristic of the Project:
1) OBJECTIVE: - A project should have specific objective to

Be filled
2) TIME PERIOD: - A project it has be complete participating in

It.
3) TERM WORK: - Term work includes all the aspects of the te

Term work.
4) FEATURE: - A project should have good feature i.e. :- Q

quality,prfomance,pharmaceutical.
5) SUCCESIVE: - More and more aspects of the project and k

know at each stage Of project work.
6) MADE TO ORDER: - A project should have servile of ingredients

in term of technology.
7) RISK: - Project has certain amount involved in it, its

Perfomanc depend upon construction, Qual
quality Mechanisms.

CHAPTER - 3
PROJECT PLANNING
 After the selection of project, planning is to be done.
 The success of the project depends upon the keen, careful and efficient planning of
the activities involved.
 In project planning we carried out…….
MARKET SURVEY
PROJECT CAPACITY
SELECTION CAPACITY
DESIGN CAPACITY
OPERATING PLANNING
METHOD AND TIME STUDY
MATERIAL HANDLING
BUILDING AND COSTING

MARKET SURVEY
Market survey is essential before planning the actual production. During

market survey knowing and considering other available products their futures
demand price and quality.
Market survey helps to know about location of market, scope scales,

availability of raw material, equipment, man power and other manufacturing facilities.
After considering above all facts mass production should be planned.
We can with stand in the market but we should hence two things is that the
projects we have chosen never face any problem reading material working
procedure. In our project we had consider all above factors are confirmed to get big
market.
On basis of concept of products the market survey and group discussion we

had, we find out our project material rest for hack-saw machine will be very useful
from scale fabrication to large engineering production units where, fabrication based
production is being performed.

CHAPTER - 4
INTRODUCTION
There is a marked need for medium head, low volume pumps in

underdeveloped countries. Such pumps, however, must satisfy a number of
very stringent constraints due to the environment to which they are exposed.
The units must be extremely low cost, uitra-reliable and almost elegantly
simple. Poverty stricken cultures that possess virtually no technical skill
comprise the environment for these pumps. The pumps must be rugged
enough to withstand substantial physical abuse in addition to an abrasive
environment. They must be simple enough in construction that local people
can be dependably trained for the maintenance and operation of these units.
Cost and the need for fuel, lubrication and maintenance eliminate
commercially available gasoline powered pump units. Windmills are generally
too experience as commercial units. And they are usually too complex and
fragile when built as low cost units. A particular problem for low cost units is a
mechanism to accommodate high winds, their resultant speed and loads. This
leads to the simplest power source – human power. Various schemes have
been devised for producing and coupling muscle power. But, by far the most
applicable, is the bicycle and the drives derived from it. This is due to the
worldwide availability of low cost bicycles. It is also due to the almost
unparalleled physiological coupling efficiency of the bicycle mechanism.
Hence, introduction of small scale irrigation like pedal pumps can play
a vital role for increasing food grain production in Bangladesh. Capital
intensive technology like deep tubewells, shallow tubewells are beyond the

purchasing capacity of the poor farmers, while they can afford labour
intensive technologies such as pedal pump, hand pumps, rower pumps,
treadle pumps
etc. due to their lower cost. In the context of Bangladesh, where labours are
abundant and most of the farmers are poor, the pedal pump seems to be an
appropriate irrigation technology.
Such kind of irrigation technologies are operated and maintained by

farmers themselves from their own capital for producing crop in the small
fragmented lands. The average small farm sizes spreading over a number of
scattered plots are unsuitable to irrigate with a large size of stream. But, the
manually operated technology with a small stream size is suitable for small
and fragmented farm holding and involves less mechanical and maintenance
problems. In fact the poor farmers represent 70% of population in Bangladesh
and they own only 20% of total land (GOB, 1986). Due to their extreme
poverty, they are gradually joining the landless group. In this context,
manually operated pedal pump is helpful for poor farmers to reduce poverty.
The current success of manually operated pump can be explained in terms of
factors like appropriate design, low cost, effective marketing, and high cash
returns (Orr et al., 1991).
Some researchers had focused their endeavor on the development of

low lift labor-intensive devices and had succeeded to develop some devices
of such characters like treadle pump, rower pump, wheel pump, diaphragm
pump, blower pump, etc. Operation of the devices is very laborious and
operators often complain about their suffering from various health hazards.

CHAPTER - 5
HISTORY OF PUMPS
The pumping of water is a basic and practical technique, for more

practical than scooping it up with one’s hands or lifting it in a hand bucket.
This is true whether the water is drawn from afresh source, moved to a
needed location, purified or used for irrigation, washing or sewage treatment
or for evacuating water from an undersirable location. Regardless of the
outcome, the energy required to pump water is an extremely demanding
component of water consumption. All other processes depend or benefit
either from water descending from a higher elevation or some pressurized
plumbing system.
The ancient concept of the aqueduct took simple and eloquent

advantage of maintaining elevation of water for as long and far a distance as
possible. Thus, as water moves over great distances, it retains a larger
component of its kinetic energy by spending small portion of this energy
flowing doen a slight gradation. Granted, a useful aqueduct system ultimately
depends on a fresh water source existing at a higher elevation than the
location where the water can be of use. Gravity does all the work. In all other
instances, pumps are necessary.
No date has been established as to when the first bicycle pump was
invented, but it is believed to have been in or around 1887.
The pumping of water is a basic and practical technique, far more

practical than scooping it up with one's hands or lifting it in a hand-held

bucket. This is true whether the water is drawn from afresh source, moved to
a needed location, purified, or used for irrigation, washing, or sewage
treatment, or for evacuating water from an undesirable location.
Regardless of the outcome, the energy required to pump water is an

extremely demanding component of water consumption. All other processes
depend or benefit either from water descending from a higher elevation or
some pressurized plumbing system. The ancient concept of the aqueduct took
simple and eloquent advantage of maintaining elevation of water for as long
and far a distance as possible.
Thus, as water moves over great distances, it retains a larger

component of its kinetic energy by spending small portions of this energy
flowing down a slight gradation. Granted, a useful aqueduct system ultimately
depends on a fresh water source existing at a higher elevation than the
location where the water can be of use. Gravity does all the work. In all other
instances, pumps are necessary.

CHAPTER - 6
CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

CHAPTER – 7
WORKING OF RECIPROCATING PUMP
 Our bicycle operated pumps working principle is based on

reciprocating pump’s working principle.
Working Principle :-
(FIG. Two cylinder (duplex) reciprocating pump)
Reciprocating pump is a positive displacement pump, which causes a

fluid to move by trapping a fixed amount of it then displacing that trapped
volume into the discharge pipe.

The fluid enters a pumping chamber via an inlet valve and is pushed
out via a outlet valve by the action of the piston or diaphragm. They are either
single acting; independent suction and discharge strokes or double acting;
suction and discharge in both directions.
During the suction stroke the piston moves left thus creating vacuum in
the Cylinder. This vacuum causes the suction valve to open and water enters
the Cylinder. During the delivery stroke the piston moves towards right.
This increasing pressure in the cylinder causes the suction valve to

close and delivery to open and water is forced in the delivery pipe. The air
vessel is used to get uniform discharge.
(FIG. WORKING OF RECIPROCATING PUMP)

WORKING OF BICYCLE OPERATED WATER PUMP
First of all in our project which name is “bicycle operated pedal power water
pump”. We are used in this project one bicycle body, reciprocating pump, v-belt,
stand for bicycle and extra piping assembly. Our project is worked on pedal power,
so we adjust the bicycle on a stand and its back wheel is up. Then after we use only
ring of bicycle which called in mechanical driver pulley.
And then we used the reciprocating pump. Its pulley is become driver pulley.
Then after we match the horizontal center line of both pulley and fix the pump pulley
and the cycle ring. Then after we use the v – belt to connect the bicycle ring (driver
pulley) and pump pulley (driven pulley). But before we clamp the pump on stand and
fix them so during the process it not loose.
Then after we start the pedaling the bicycle. So the back side ring (Driver
pulley) was rotate and it rotate also pump pulley (Driven pulley) so that it made the
reciprocate effect in pump and this reciprocating effect the water is come out in
pump. And we get the water by reciprocating effect by the pedal power. This is a
ecofriendlly project.
The working of the reciprocating pump is very simple and just like an I.C
engine. First of all the piston has the function of providing the suction force, so that
the liquid can be lift up or can be sucked in with great force. After that comes the
compression part which will impart the required pressure energy to the fluids. In this
part of the phase the piston have to do a great work so that the liquid can be
compressed properly and its pressure can increased to the desired level. The inlet
and the outlet valve open at a certain pressure which is set by the manufacturer.
If the piston is of single acting type which means it can suck from one side
and transmit to the same side only. But we can have the double reciprocating pump
too which have the function of the giving suction and discharge simultaneously in
each stroke. This pump can be used as the compressor also but for that we have to
have a good valve arrangement which can operate with good frequency.

There are various uses of the reciprocating pump and they are as following:
1)The lubricating pump is a reciprocating pump and it supplies the lubrication oil to
the main engine.
2)Main bilge suction pump is also a reciprocating pump.
3)For ballast they are sometimes used.

CHAPTER - 8
CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLE OPERATED PUMP
MATERIALS AND METHODS
 Material required :-
1) RECIPROCATING PUMP :-
A reciprocating pump is a class of positive-

displacement pumps which includes the piston pump, plunger
pump and diaphragm pump. It is often used where a relatively
small quantity of liquid is to be handled and where
delivery pressure is quite large. In reciprocating pumps, the
chamber in which the liquid is trapped, is a stationary cylinder
that contains the piston or plunger.
(FIG. RECIPROCATING PUMP)

2) FLAT BELT :-
A belt is a loop of flexible material used to mechanically

link two or more rotating shafts, most often parallel. Belt may be
used as a source of motion, to transmit power efficiency or to
track relative movement. In a two pulley system, the belt can
either drive the pulleys normally in one direction or the belt may
be crossed, so that the direction of the driven shaft is reversed.
As a source of motion, a conveyor belt is one application where
the belt is adapted to continuously carry a load between two
points.
( FIG. V-BELT)

3) BICYCLE :-
From the beginning and still today, bicycles have been

and are employed for many uses. In a utilitarian way, bicycles
were used for transportation, bicycle commuting, and utility
cycling. It could be used as a 'work horse', used by mail
carriers, paramedics, police,messengers, and general
delivery services.
The bicycle is also used for recreational purposes, such
as bicycle touring, mountain biking, physical fitness, and
play. Bicycle competitionincludes racing, BMX racing, track
racing, criterium, roller racing and time trial. Major multi-stage
events are the Tour of California, Giro d'Italia, the Tour de
France, the Vuelta a España, and the Volta a Portugal.
( FIG. BICYCLE)

4) COUPLER :-
A coupler is a device used to connect two shafts together at

their ends for the purpose of transmitting power. Couplings do not
normally allow disconnection of shafts during operation, however
there are torque limiting couplings which can slip or disconnect
when some torque limit is exceeded.
The primary purpose of couplings is to join two pieces of
rotating equipment while permitting some degree of misalignment or
end movement or both. By careful selection, installation and
maintenance of couplings, substantial savings can be made in
reduced maintenance costs and downtime.
(FIG. COUPLER)

DRAWING OF COUPLER

5) ELBOW:-
A durable elbow support is an accessory product used in the

commercial and residential HVAC industry to shape flexible ducts
into efficient 90-degree bends. It is also sometimes defined as a
"radius forming brace." [1] Where HVAC ducts need to bend or turn,
the elbow creates a sturdy 90-degree angle and keeps the duct
from kinking or folding, thereby increasing energy efficiency. This
can improve consistency of temperature in rooms that are heated
and air conditioned, lower the cost of utility bills, and reduce energy
consumption. Durable elbow supports can be installed on both new
and existing HVAC systems. Manufactured and marketed under
several brands, the durable elbow support is often specified by
mechanical engineers and widely recommended by environmental
agencies because it has been proven to improve energy efficiency.
(FIG. ELBOW)

DRAWING OF ELBOW

6) PULLEY :-
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to

support movement and change of direction of a cable or belt along
its circumference. Pulleys are used in a variety of ways to lift loads,
apply forces, and to transmit power. In nautical contexts, the
assembly of wheel, axle, and supporting shell is referred to as a
"block."
A pulley may also be called a sheave or drum and may have
a groove between two flanges around its circumference. The drive
element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain that
runs over the pulley inside the groove.
( FIG. PULLEY)

BASIC DESIGN OF OUR PROJECT

CHAPTER – 9 : FLOW PROCESS CHARTS
FLOW PROCESS CHART

CHART NO OF SUMMARY
EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL/MEN SAVING
PRESENT PROPOSED
ACTIVITY/
MADE A BASE OF PROJECT OPERATION 2
TRANSPORT 3
DELAY -
METHOD:PRESENT/PAST
INSPECTION 2
STORAGE 2
LOCATION : WORKSHOP
OPERATION(S) CLOCK NO. COST DISTANCE
LABOUR TIME
MATERIAL DATE
TOTAL 9
SR DISCRIPTION QTY. DIST. TIME SYMBOL REMARKS

NO. (m) (min)
1 RAW MATERIAL IN
STORE
2 TRANSPORT TO
H.M/C
3 CUTTING
OPERATION
4 INSPECTION
5 TRANSPORT TO
WELDING M/C
6 WELDING
OPERATION
7 INSPECTION OF
WELD
8 READY TO TRANS
TO STORE
9 TO STORE

FLOW PROCESS CHART

CHART NO OF SUMMARY
PRESENT PROPOSED
ACTIVITY/
MADE A STAND FOR BICYCLE OPERATION 3
TRANSPORT 3
DELAY -
METHOD:PRESENT/PAST
INSPECTION 3
STORAGE 2
LOCATION : WORKSHOP
LABOUR TIME
MATERIAL DATE
TOTAL 11
SR DISCRIPTION QTY. DIST TIME SYMBOL REMARKS

NO. . (min)
(m)
1 RAW MATERIAL IN
STORE
2 TRANSPORT TO
H.M/C
3 CUTTING OPERATION
4 INSPECTION
5 TRANSPORT TO
DRILLING M/C
6 DRILLING OPERATION
7 INSPECTION
8 OPERATION BY
HAMMERY CUTTER
9 INSPECTION
10 READY TO TRANS
11 TO STORE

FLOW PROCESS CHART

CHART NO OF SUMMARY
PRESENT PROPOSED
ACTIVITY/
ASSEMBLY OF ALL OF MATERIAL OPERATION 3
TRANSPORT 2
DELAY -
METHOD:PRESENT/PAST
INSPECTION -
STORAGE 2
LOCATION : WORKSHOP
LABOUR TIME
MATERIAL DATE
TOTAL 7
SR DISCRIPTION QTY. DIST. TIME SYMBOL REMARKS

NO. (m) (min)
1 MATERIAL IN
STORE
2 TO TRANS
MATERIAL IN
ASSEMBLY
SECTION
3 ASSEMBLY BICYCLE
ON STAND
4 FIT THE PUMP
BEHIND OF
BICYCLE
5 FIT A BELT
BETWEEN BICYCLE
RING AND PUMP
PULLEY
6 READY TO TRANSP
TO STORE
7 IN STORE

CHAPTER - 10
COSTING
It is the determination of actual cost of article after adding different expenses

incurring in various department. It may also be defined as a system which
systematically records all the expenditure in various department to determine the
cost manufacturing.
AIM OF COSTING
1. To determine the cost of each article.

2. To determine the cost of each operation.
3. To help in deciding sale price.
4. To supply information for detecting of waste
5. It helps in reducing the total cost of manufacturing.
PROCEDURE OF COSTING :-
Costing is the technique & process of ascertaining cost. It is the classify,

recording & appropriate allocation Expenditure for determine of the production or
services.
The main elements of cost of any product areas under.
1. Material Cost
2. Labour Cost
3. Expenses

MATERIAL COST
 DIRECT MATERIAL COST :-
Material which is directly used for manufacturing of a particular product and

which becomes the part of final product is called Direct Material. The cost of
this material is called Direct Material Cost.
 INDIRECT MATERIAL COST :-
Material which is not directly used for manufacturing of a particular product

and which does not becomes the part of final product is called Indirect
Material.
LABOUR COST
 DIRECT LABOUR COST :-
The labour which actually does not perform the manufacturing

processes of different material with the help of different machines is
called Direct Labour.
 INDIRECT LABOUR COST :-
The labour which actually does not perform the manufacturing

processes different material directly is called Indirect Labour Cost.

EXPENSES
 DIRECT EXPENSES :-
The expenses which can be directly changed on the cost of a particular

product is called Direct Expenses.
 INDIRECT EXPENSES :-
The expenses which can not be changed on the cost of a particular product is
called Indirect Expenses.

PART’S NAME AND PRICE
SR NO. PART NAME QTY. Rs.

1 BICYCLE 1 400 Rs.
2 RECIPROCATING PUMP 1 10,000 Rs.
3 V-BELT 1 250 Rs.
4 BICYCLE STAND 1 250 Rs.
5 PUMP BASE 1 400 Rs.
6 REDUCER 1 30 Rs.
7 NIPPLE 2 40 Rs.
8 ELBOW 1 30 Rs.
9 CUPLER 2 40 Rs.
10 PAINT COLOUR 200 g. 60 Rs.
11 TAPLONE TAPE 1 m. 10 Rs.
12 PRESSURE GAUGE 1 300 Rs.
TOTAL 11,810 Rs.

CALCULATION OF COSTING
 PRIME COST OF PRODUCT IS :
= MATERIAL COST + LABOUR COST
= 11,810 + 2000
= 13,810 Rs.
 FACTORY OVERHEAD :-
= 15% OF PRIME COST
= 13,810 *15% prime cost
= 2071 Rs.
 FACTORY COST :-
= PRIME COST + FACTORY OVERHEAD
= 13,810 + 2071
= 15,881 Rs.

 SELLING OVERHEAD :-
= 20% OF FACTORY COST
= 15,881 * 20% FACTORY COST
= 3176 Rs.
 PRODUTION COST :-
= FACTORY COST + SELLING OVERHEAD
= 15,881 + 3176
= 19,057 Rs.
 PROFIT :-
= 15% OF PRODUTION COST
= 19,057 * 15% PRODUCTION COST
= 3811 Rs.

CHAPTER - 11
APPLICATION
1) It can be used at farms, where electricity is not reached.
2) It can also use at mountain areas and very High Mountain villages,
where electricity is not reached.
3) Mostly it application based on agricultural related.

CHAPTER - 12
ADVANTAGES
1) Gives high pressure at outlet.
2) Gives high suction lift.
3) Priming is not required in this pump.
4) They are used for air also.
5) The pump is self-priming.
6) Reciprocating pumps will deliver fluid at high pressure.
7) The pump can working at wide pressure range.

CHAPTER – 13
DIS-ADVANTAGES
1) Reciprocating pumps give a pulsating flow.
2) The suction stroke is difficult when pumping viscous liquids.
3) The cost of producing piston pumps is high. This is due to the very
accurate sizes of the cylinders and pistons. Also, the gearing needed to
convert the rotation of the drive motor into a reciprocating action involves
extra equipment and cost.
4) The close fitting moving parts cause maintenance problems, especially

when the pump is handling fluids containing suspended solids, as the
particles can get into the small clearances and cause severe wear. The piston
pump therefore, should not be used for slurries.
5) They give low volume rates of flow compared to other types of pump.
6) Early price is much more in this pump.
7) Low discharge capacity.

CHAPTER – 14
CONCLUSION
By observing the dis-advantages of the existing human powered water

pump the proposed model has been designed and fabricated.
This model can with stand with abrasive environment, manufacturing cost
of the machine is also low, about three thousand rupees. This model can be
transported any where on the same bicycle where it is used to power the water pump
so it is portable and transportable. The potential market of the machine is quite good.
In india more than 50% population are agricultural labour force and there
are approximately one hundred million bicycles in India which are being used by
farmers, the ned for irrigation water is predicated to rise dramatically.

CHAPTER - 15
REFERENCE
We find our project on you tube video. And we discussed

about this project and think to made this project. We find the information about
this project under as:-
1) www.slideshare.com
2) www.binodpanday.wordpress.com
3) www.iosrjournals.org
4) 4mechtech.blogspot.com
5) articles.compressionjobs.com
6) www.indiastudychannel.com
7) www.pumpmanufacturerindia.in
8) www.preevolvetechnics.com

CHAPTER – 16
LOG BOOK
NO. DATE REASON SIGN.
1 06/02/15 SELECTION OF BODY MATERIAL
2 13/02/15 OPERATION AT WELDING M/C FOR

BASE AND STAND FOR BICYCLE
3 20/02/15 ASSEMBLE BODY PARTS
4 27/02/15 INSPECTION OF BODY
5 06/03/15 ASSEMBLE OTHER PARTS
6 13/03/15 WRINGING WORK IN PROJECT
7 20/03/15 INSPECTION
8 10/04/15 WE MANAGED TO ASSEMBLE EVERY

PARTS PROPERLY

Chapter - 1: Bicycle Operated Pedal Power Water Pump

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[BICYCLE OPERATED PEDAL POWER WATER PUMP April 15, 2015

A Water system includes a reciprocating pump operated by pedaling

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 1

The following are the main characteristic of the Project:

1) OBJECTIVE: - A project should have specific objective to

2) TIME PERIOD: - A project it has be complete participating in

3) TERM WORK: - Term work includes all the aspects of the te

4) FEATURE: - A project should have good feature i.e. :- Q

5) SUCCESIVE: - More and more aspects of the project and k

6) MADE TO ORDER: - A project should have servile of ingredients

7) RISK: - Project has certain amount involved in it, its

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 2

 After the selection of project, planning is to be done.

 In project planning we carried out…….

METHOD AND TIME STUDY

BUILDING AND COSTING

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 3

Market survey is essential before planning the actual production. During

Market survey helps to know about location of market, scope scales,

On basis of concept of products the market survey and group discussion we

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 4

There is a marked need for medium head, low volume pumps in

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 5

Such kind of irrigation technologies are operated and maintained by

Some researchers had focused their endeavor on the development of

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 6

The pumping of water is a basic and practical technique, for more

The ancient concept of the aqueduct took simple and eloquent

The pumping of water is a basic and practical technique, far more

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 7

Regardless of the outcome, the energy required to pump water is an

Thus, as water moves over great distances, it retains a larger

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 8

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 9

WORKING OF RECIPROCATING PUMP

 Our bicycle operated pumps working principle is based on

(FIG. Two cylinder (duplex) reciprocating pump)

Reciprocating pump is a positive displacement pump, which causes a

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 10

This increasing pressure in the cylinder causes the suction valve to

(FIG. WORKING OF RECIPROCATING PUMP)

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 11

WORKING OF BICYCLE OPERATED WATER PUMP

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 12

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 13

CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLE OPERATED PUMP

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A reciprocating pump is a class of positive-

(FIG. RECIPROCATING PUMP)

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 14

A belt is a loop of flexible material used to mechanically

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 15

From the beginning and still today, bicycles have been

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 16

A coupler is a device used to connect two shafts together at

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 17

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 18

A durable elbow support is an accessory product used in the

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 19

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 20

A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to

DALIA INSTITUTE OF DIPLOM STUDIES,KANERA. 21