Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
1985
Delivery of first self-inerting coal grinding plant
(LM 21.2 D) for the steel industry (PCI – Pulverised
Coal Injection).
1990 Central coal grinding plant (LM 26.3 D) for gas and
steam power station (coal gasification).
1992 Central coal grinding plant (LM 26.3 D) for the produc-
tion of lignite (brown) coal dust.
2002 Coal grinding plant (LM 23.2 D) for grinding wood pel-
lets for power stations.
2005
First 4-roller pressure mill (LM 43.4 D) becomes
available.
2
Loesche designs, plans and constructs everything from indivi- Loesche coal grinding mills are distinguished by other characte-
dual machines to turnkey dry-grinding installations for all solid ristics that improve efficiency, safety and environmental protec-
fuels. Loesche is certified in accordance with EN ISO 9001, and tion, from the standard version to top-of-the-range installations:
our grinding plants meet both national and international safety
regulations. • Pressure shock resistance up to 3.5 bar (gauge).
• Horizontal grinding table with segmented grinding track and
“Keep it solid and simple” – this is the design concept behind tapered grinding rollers, arranged at an angle of 15° to the
Loesche roller grinding mills, ensuring their reliability and safety. grinding table.
Each of our dry-grinding installations thus represents our tech- • Hydraulic grinding roller swinging-out device for easier and
nological prowess, offering advantages that ensure the compe- quicker changing of grinding components.
titiveness of our customers: • Constant product quality in compliance with specification
achieved through static or dynamic classification.
• No metallic contact between grinding components (even • Product rate control from 40 to 100%.
when a coal mill is empty), thus avoiding the generation of
sparks. Special versions are available with further characteristics that
• Particularly suitable for easily-combustible dust with a high meet special safety regulation or output control requirements:
proportion of volatile matter (e.g. brown coal, wood, etc.).
• Low-vibration mill running, even in partial load ranges down • Pressure shock resistance up to 8 bar (gauge).
to 20% of the mill load, thanks to individually-guided grinding • Grinding pressure control for expansion of the mill control
rollers. range from 20 to 100%;
• The specially-developed hydraulic roller relief system enab- • Grinding table speed control with frequency converter.
les grinding of different fuels (both hard and soft) and impro-
ves the machine control response.
• Individual grinding mill design with a proven track record,
encompassing 2, 3 and 4 rollers for fuel throughput rates up
to and in excess of 200 t/h.
Working pressure (hydraulics) [%]
Expanded
control range Standard mill control range
3
Customer benefits and satisfaction
are our top priority
Loesche grinding plants utilise energy and resources efficiently, The cornerstones of our competence include:
and their quality and reliability are recognised internationally.
We make every effort in all our activities (from engineering to • The construction of turnkey coal grinding plants
customer service) to ensure on-time realisation of projects and
maximum availability of every installation. • Bespoke plant concepts, from the planning stage to commis-
sioning
Our maxim is that every Loesche grinding plant should be a
flagship of our technological know-how. • Individual problem based solutions centered on optimised
process engineering
Loesce mills, 10 x Type LM 28.2 D, Taiwan Power Co., Taichung, Taiwan, 2000
4
Loesche mill Type LM 28.2 D, Bremen, Germany, 2004
5
Mill Dimension Series – Drive Specification
Large promote excellent in-feed characteristics. Loesche provide This range can be expanded beyond the LM 43.4 D without any
a transition from two to three and four rollers to limit the dynamic design problems or operational risks being involved, and con-
load caused by the motion of individual masses. struction modules from mills in the cement industry that have
The Loesche coal grinding mill range is divided into two serial proven their effectiveness under practical conditions are also
types: available. These components have been in operation for many
Small twin mills constructed to individual specifications years without encountering breakdown.
(LM 12.2 D to LM 20.2 D), with table diameters from 1,200 to Application areas:
2,000 mm. • Steam boiler furnaces for electricity, steam, and heat generation
Larger mills with two, three and four rollers and modular struc- • Coal dust furnaces for cement rotary kilns and industrial fur-
tures (LM 21.2 D to LM 43.4 D), with table diameters from 2,100 naces
to 4,300 mm. • Coal conversion plants (gasification, liquefaction)
• Direct firing of coal dust in blast furnaces.
LM 20.2
LM D20.2 D 335 KW
335 KW4,2 -4,29,9
4.2- --9,982
9.9- -8282
LM 20.2
LM D20.2 D 335 KW
335 KW4,2 -4,29,9- -9,982 - 82
LM 19.2
LM D 19.2 D 260 KW
260 KW 4,1 -4,18,7
4.1- --8,763
8.7- -6363
LM 19.2
LM D19.2 D 260 KW
260 KW 4,1 -4,18,7- -8,763 - 63
LM 17.2
LM D 17.2 D 212 KW
212 KW 4,0 -4,08,4
4.0- --8,442
8.4- -4242
LM 17.2
LM D17.2 D 212 KW
212 KW 4,0 -4,08,4- -8,442 - 42
LM 16.2
LM D 16.2 D 180 KW
180 KW 3,2 -3,27,2
3.2- --7,239
7.2- -3939
LM 16.2
LM D16.2 D 180 KW
180 KW 3,2 -3,27,2- -7,239 - 39
LM 15.2
LM D 15.2 D 144 KW
144 KW 3,8 -3,87,0
3.8- --7,037
7.0- -3737
LM 15.2
LM D15.2 D 144 KW
144 KW 3,8 -3,87,0- -7,037 - 37
LM 14.2
LM D14.2 D 132 KW
132 KW 3,8 -3,86,9
3.8- --6,930
6,9- -3030
LM 14.2
LM D14.2 D 132 KW
132 KW 3,8 -3,86,9- -6,930 - 30
LM 13.2
LM D13.2 D 112 KW
112 KW 2,8 -2,86,7
2.8- --6,728
6.7- -2828
LM 13.2
LM D13.2 D 112 KW
112 KW 2,8 -2,86,7- -6,728 - 28
LM 12.2
LM D 12.2 D 90 KW
90 KW 2,8 -2,86,5
2.8- --6,516
6.5- -1616
LM 12.2
LM D12.2 D 90 KW
90 KW 2,8 -2,86,5- -6,516 - 16
0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50
0 0 10 10 20 20
Finished 30 30 rate40
product [t/h]40 50 50
LM 53.6
LM D 53.6 D 2400 2400
KW KW 12,5 12,5
- 16,0- 16,0
- 360- 360
LM 53.6
LM D53.6 D 2400 2400
KW KW 12,5 12,5
- 12.5
16,0- 16,0
-- 16.0
360- -360
360
LM 43.4
LM D 43.4 D 1450 1450
KW KW 9,8 -9,8
15,2- 15,2
- 270- 270
LM 43.4
LM D43.4 D 1450 1450
KW KW 9,8 -9,8
15,2
9.8- 15,2
-- 15.2
270- -270
270
LM 41.4
LM D 41.4 D 1250 1250
KW KW 9,6 -9,6
15,2- 15,2
- 223- 223
LM 41.4
LM D41.4 D 1250 1250
KW KW 9,6 -9,6
15,2
9.6- 15,2
-- 15.2
223- -223
223
LM 35.3
LM D 35.3 D 1000 1000
KW KW 9,4 -9,4
13,2- 13,2
- 193- 193
LM 35.3
LM D35.3 D 1000 1000
KW KW 9,4 -9,4
13,2
9.4- 13,2
-- 13.2
193- -193
193
LM 28.3
LM D 28.3 D 800 KW
800 KW 8,0 -8,0
12,5- 12,5
- 170- 170
LM 28.3
LM D28.3 D 800 KW
800 KW 8,0 -8,0
12,5
8.0- 12,5
-- 12.5
170- -170
170
LM 26.3
LM D 26.3 D 700 KW
700 KW 8,9 -8,9
11,8- 11,8
- 158- 158
LM 26.3
LM D26.3 D 700 KW
700 KW 8,9 -8,9
11,8
8.9- 11,8
-- 11.8
158- -158
158
LM 28.2
LM D 28.2 D 560 KW
560 KW 7,9 -7,9
11,4- 11,4
- 143- 143
LM 28.2
LM D28.2 D 560 KW
560 KW 7,9 -7,9
11,4
7.9- 11,4
-- 11.4
143- -143
143
difficult easy
Grindability * Remark: All dimensions are guideline values and cannot be considered as the basis for a binding planning.
6
The modular structure of larger roller grinding mills enables uti- Loesche developed the 4-roller coal grinding mill with four tried
lisation of the same components in different mill sizes. Module and tested modules for throughputs over 150 t/h. The develop-
components include grinding rollers, rocker arms, pedestals and ment was first realised in 1970 for grinding mills in the cement
spring assemblies. industry.
The principle behind this structure was patented in 1970 and This number of rollers also enables operation with only one pair
is employed for coal grinding mills and mills in the cement and of rollers to increase control response availability and flexibility.
industrial minerals industry. 2, 3, 4 or even 6 grinding roller con-
figurations for a single grinding table can be realised. Large Loesche coal grinding plants can be realised with ease
using system components that have been employed for decades
The first Type LM 26.3 D modular coal grinding mills were devel- in Loesche mills in the cement industry. The operator can there-
oped in 1980 and employed for 12 times 2x600 MW power sta- fore enjoy the following advantages:
tion blocks in the Duvha power station, South Africa. • Reduced project investment cost for associated electrical,
instrumentation and control equipment
The LM 35.3 D has been frequently utilised with great success in • Reduction of maintenance costs
the following applications: • Reduction of costs for spare parts.
• iron industry: Tubarão, Brazil, 1994 and 2004.
• cement industry: Nghi Son, Vietnam, 1998,Guangzhou,
China, 2005.
2-roller single-structure Loesche mill Type LM 20.2 D in Novi Popovac, Yugoslavia, 2002
3-roller modular grinding Loesche mill Type LM 28.3 D in Union Bridge, USA, 1999 3-roller modular Loesche mill Type LM 28.3 D in Kosice, Slovakia, 1991
7
4-roller Loesche mill in modular design with LSKS classifier
8
Functional Description
The axes of the tapered rollers are tilted at a 15° angle to the
horizontal towards the centre of the grinding table, enabling the
achievement of optimum grinding efficiency.
9
Safety equipment Plant layouts
Solid fuels can, under certain circumstances, combust, flash The safety of coal-grinding plants must be ensured in all operat-
ignite or explode as a result of: ing situations. Safety aspects are laid down in regulations and
ordinances. Nowadays inert and pneumatically-operated grind-
• an increased O2 content (> 12 %) in the process room ing plants can be designed with incorporated operational safety
• ignition sources being present characteristics. The operator decides on the ultimate plant layout.
• large quantities of volatile material being present
• an increased CO content in the process air Direct-firing mills for coal dust are utilised as non-inertised
• the fineness of the grinding material grinding plants for steam boilers. An economical combustion
• the temperature of the material and process air. method with reduced emissions (NOx, CO) is achieved in every
furnace system through the uniformity of the following parameters:
As a result, there is a greater need for effective safety measures.
These include: • air distribution
• inert operating status with max. O2 contents of approx. 10 % • coal dust distribution
in damp process gas • grit size distribution
• pressure-shock resistant structure • pressure.
• adequate pressure relief surfaces
• O2 monitoring A distinction is made between the two types of inerted coal-
• CO monitoring (e.g. to detect smouldering when the grinding grinding plants:
mill is stationary)
• quick-closure gate valves to isolate plant components Self-inert grinding plants that utilise recirculated gases
•
• avoidance of ignition sources (e.g. stop buffers preventing occurring in the installation system itself. The required process
metal to metal contact) heat is provided by a hot gas generator that is an intrinsic part
• plant safety design in compliance with local regulations. of the grinding plant.
Nowadays, safety and monitoring measures are automated, Grinding plants with inert gas from an external source that
•
monitored and remotely controlled through simple systems con- utilise process gases with a low oxygen content from other
sisting of control consoles supported by process computers. processes, such as rotary kiln exhaust gases from the cement
Loesche customers benefit from the many years of experience industry, hot stove waste gases from the iron steel industry,
we have gained in this area. nitrogen from air separation plants, etc.
10
1 Loesche mill
2 Raw coal feed
3 Filter/Product separation
4 Product silo
5 Safety quick-closure valves (dampers)
6 Flow meter
7 Mill fan
8 Exhaust flue (stack)
9 Recirculation air
10 Fresh air
11 Hot gas from external source
12 Hot gas generator
13 Boiler direct-firing system
14 N2 /CO2 Start/Stop and emergency inertization
15 Coal dust discharge
Boiler firing mills
16 Explosion vent
CO/O2-Analyser
CO-Analyser
CO-Analyser
CO/O2-Analyser
Self-inert grinding plant
CO/O2-Analyser
CO-Analyser
CO-Analyser
CO/O2-Analyser
Grinding plant with external inert gas source Hot-stove waste gases or rotary kiln exhaust gases
11
Feed material – Areas of application
Loesche mill Type LM 28.2 D, Detroit Thermal Energy,Vicksburg / Mississippi, USA, 2005
Loesche coal-grinding mills are adapted to individual customer Bituminous coal grinding
requirements. A change in feed material can be achieved with- Bituminous coals are the most frequently used fuels. They are
out interrupting grinding operation. Loesche has gained exten- broken down into various subgroups (e.g. steam coal, cok-
sive experience over many years with the following fuels: ing coal, gas coal), depending on their level of volatile matter
• all bituminous coals, (between 5% and 50%) and ash (approx. ≤ 50%).Test grinding
• anthracite coals, of these coals in a laboratory ball mill (Hardgrove principle) is a
• petroleum coke of differing quality, generally accepted method for determining grindability. A higher
• hard lignite (brown) coals, Hardgrove index (HGI) of, for example, 90°H indicates easy
• pre-dried lignite coals, grindability properties. High ash contents detected at the same
• pre-dried and pre-ground timber (wood pellets), HGI lessen grindability and lead to increased wear. Materials
• turf pellets and turf briquettes, with superior anti-wear characteristics are utilised to counter
• sewage sludge. the resulting reductions in service life.
12
Petroleum coke and anthracite
Due to the low level of volatile matter (between 1–15%) con-
tained in petroleum coke and anthracite coals a greater fine-
ness is required to achieve the necessary surface for optimum
product combustion. A fineness of 0.5% R 90 µm is achieved
with the Loesche mill (LM 27.2 D, Beni Idir, Morocco) where
coke is used.
Grinding roller and grinding chamber lining Loesche mill Type LM 20.2 D in Nasicecement cement works, Nasice, Croatia, 2001
13
Wood pellets, lignite coals and turf
Hot gases with temperatures of up to 500°C are used to
ensure complete drying of particularly moist feed material dur-
ing the grinding process. Loesche mills can also be used to
cool material during the actual grinding process.
Loesche has supplied coal grinding mills to the following firms
in the lignite coal industry in Eastern Germany:
• Mibrag, for the Deuben works, Type LM 26.3 D, 65 t/h with
8–30% R 90 µm in 1992 and,
• Lausitzer Braunkohlenwerke AG, Laubag, Senftenberg, Type
LM 28.2 D, 52 t/h with 25–40% R 90 µm in 1997.
Pre-dried lignite coals are fed directly to the grinding mills from
steam dryers at a temperature of 90–100°C on cold chain con-
veyors for cooling purposes. A product temperature of ≤ 60°C
is legally stipulated in this respect.
14
14
15
Complete grinding plants with components
10 Pulverized coal storage bin 20 Valve rack for Hot Gas Generator
16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 18 29 3 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1017 1118 1219 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2027 2128 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 122 223 324 425 526 627 728 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 22 2
21 1 23 3
24 4
25 5
26 6
27 7
28 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
17
Loesche hot gas generator
LOMA furnace Type LF 20 with Type MLB 4 multiple lance burner for blast furnace gas LOMA furnace Type LF 25 for blast fumace gas,
for Dillingen steel plant, Germany, 1999 for the steel plant Tubarão, Brazil, 2004
18
Loesche mill Type LM 43.4 D, in Kotputli, India, 2006
19
Loesche mill Type LM 28.3 D, in Berrenrath, Germany, 2011, under construction
20
LSKS dynamic classifier
The gas flow rising from the mill conveys the reduced particles
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 into the classifying chamber where they are subjected to a
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 deflective centrifugal force generated by the classifier rotor.
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Coarse particles are recirculated back to the grinding process
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 via the grit cone, relative to the rotor speed.
1 2 73 8 94 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 Efficient
6 7 classification
8 9 is particular important in power station
1 2 3 4 10
5 11
6 12
7 138 14 9 15 16 17 18 19 applications. A steep product particle charac
teristic curve
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 15
10 11 12 13 14 21 16
22 17
23 118
24 219
25 326 427 528 6 ensures that optimum combustion is achieved in the boiler while
7 8 9
20 21 22 23 24 keeping
25 26emission
27 28 rates at a low level.
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 10 28 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Wear protection is adapted to suit the abrasiveness of the
27 28
SKS classifier with central inlet and lateral product
L
feed material. The feed material can be introduced laterally or
discharge for central coal grinding plants
through a central vertical drop tube where high feed moisture
Structure: Rotor shaft is involved.
Grit cone Housing
Guide vanes Coal feed tube
Rotor with blades Product discharge
21
The Loesche test facility for raw materials testing,
Research and Development
Calibrated standard grinding tests for mill sizing Technological development through practical laboratory
grinding tests
Loesche has many years of experience in designing grinding
mills. The most important prerequisite for correctly designed One of the first steps in introducing new technologies is the
grinding mills is an exact knowledge of the physical properties of practical laboratory test.
the materials to be ground. Within the framework of our research and development projects
the following actions are carried out:
The most important characteristic values of a material to be • New materials for grinding of future market requirements
ground are the Loesche grindability factor and the specific are examined
power demand in relation to a defined fineness. Depending on • Optimised mill settings for special products are determined
the geological formation of the material to be ground, materials • Plant components and process configurations are opti-
with highly different properties are found in nature, even with mised
materials which appear visually to be similar. • New wear materials and concepts are tested
Our test plant is constructed in such a way that various modes
Three well equipped laboratory LM 3.6 grinding mills are avai- of operation and plant process configurations can be simulated
lable in the Loesche test plant for performing standard grinding in the tests.
tests.
Analysis possibilities
•
Pure density determination with gas pycnometer
•
Determination of mass-related surface according to Blaine
•
Grain size analysis with Cilas laser granulometer
•
Sieve analyses with Alpine air-jet screening method
•
Sieve analyses with Retsch vibrating sieves
•
Grindability according to Hardgrove
•
Grindability according to Zeisel
•
Microscopy with Zeiss Stemi SV11
•
Drying ovens for moisture determination
•
Coal testing (C fix, volatile matter, ash content)
22
Loesche – worldwide presence
Loesche is an export-oriented company run by the owner, which was established in 1906 in Berlin.
Today the company is internationally active with subsidiaries, representatives and agencies world-
wide.
Our engineers are constantly developing new ideas and individual concepts for grinding
technologies and preparation processes for the benefit of our customers. Their competence is
mainly due to our worldwide information management.
This ensures that current knowledge and developments can also be used immediately for our own
projects.
The services of our subsidiaries and agencies are of key importance for analysis, processing and
solving specific project problems for our customers.
23
Bituminous
Wooden pellets
Petroleum coke
Charcoal briquettes
1 cm
1 cm
1 cm
1 cm
50 µm
50 µm
50 µm
50 µm
12/2015 Printed in Germany Pictures originated at the electron microscope laboratory of Bauhaus-Universität Weimar