ICAO Annex 14 Vol II - Heliports Update - Workshop #2 2012 PDF

ICAO ‘ANNEX 14 UPDATE’
(ICAO Annex 14 Volume II –Heliports)

WORKSHOP #2
Dr John Leverton
IFHA Representative to ICAO Aerodrome Panel
HAI Heliport Design Focal Point
Advisor - Infrastructure Development, AHS
ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

Leverton Associates International
Helicopter Dimensions
D = Overall Length **
RD = (Main) Rotor Diameter
“Arc of Tail Rotor”
1 D = (approx.) 1.2 RD
(1 D – 1 RD) = (approx.) 0.2 RD
1 RD
1 D **
** US/FAA Uses ‗Overall Length‘ 1 OL = 1 D – AC-2C will use ‗D‘
HELIPORT TERMINOLOGY
• ICAO ANNEX 14:

R = ROTOR DIAMETER –2004 Annex 14 and Annex6:
‗R‘ not used in ‗Tranche 1 Annex 14‘
D = ‗D Factor‘ = OVERALL LENGTH
UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH AND/OR LENGTH [UC]- 2004 Annex 14

UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH [UCw] – ‗Tranche 1‘ Annex 14
• FAA AC-2B:
RD = ROTOR DIAMETER
OL = OVERALL LENGTH [‗D‘ in AC-2C]
MAX. UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH/LENGTH = UC
UNDERCARRIAGE DIMENSIONS
Maximum width
or length of the
undercarriage (UC): used
for defining size of TLOF
in 2004 Annex 14
changed in Tranche 1
Annex 14 to TLOF
defined in terms of ‗D‘.
Undercarriage width
(UCw): used for defining
taxiway width
Length of Undercarriage
Width of Undercarriage (UCw)
APPROXIMATE
RELATIONSHIPS
•FATO = 1.5 D [1.5 X OVERALL LENGTH (OL)]

• TAIL ROTOR SIZE: 1/6 TO 1/5 RD
• D = 1.16 RD TO 1.2 RD
• ASSUME ‗D‘ = 1.2 RD
THAN 1.5 D = 1.8 RD and 1 RD = 0.83 D **
Approx 1/3 RD = 0.25 D – Approx 2 x 1/3 RD = 0.5 D
** Used in ‗tranche 1‘ for TLOF size etc.

DIFFERENCES
AC-2B ANNEX 14
PARKING AREA = HELICOPTER STAND
HOVER TAXI = AIR TAXI

FATO –
SAME TERMINOLOGY – BUT DIFFERENT MEANING

2004 ANNEX 14 - FATO MAIN LOAD BEARING AREA
New ANNEX 14 - TLOF MAIN LOAD BEARING AREA

FAA AC-2B -TLOF MAIN LOAD BEARING AREA
Safety TLOF
Area
FATO: Final Approach and Takeoff Area
TLOF: Touchdown and Liftoff Area
PRESENTATION TERMINOLOGY
RD = ROTOR DIAMETER
D = ‗D Factor‘ = OVERALL LENGTH (OL)**
UCw = MAX. UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH OR LENGTH
** Note: On some charts ‗OL‘ is used!
PC1, PC2 & PC 3 is used to reference heliports designed on the assumption are
―intended to be used by helicopters operated in performance class‖ 1, 2 and 3
respectively.
The ‗diagrams‘, although illustrating the approximate relative sizes,

are NOT to scale - this is not stated on some but not all diagrams.

ANNEX 14 ‗CONCEPTS‘
Surface Level Heliports
In ‘tranche 1’ text changed to make

intent clear.

FAA CONCEPT
EACH TLOF MUST BE LOCATED AC 150/5390-2B

IN A FATO SURROUNDED BY A
SAFETY AREA
TLOF
FATO
Safety Area
HELICOPTERS CAN HOVER-TAXI OR

GROUND-TAXI TO PARKING AREA

FATO and TLOF can be any shape – usually square or round
FATO
TLOF located
in a FATO
Safety TLOF
Area

TLOF can be outside of FATO located in a helicopter stand
FATO Helicopter Stand
Safety TLOF/Central Zone

Area Protection Area


Annex 14 - FATO with TLOF
FATO + TLOF+ SAFETY AREA
NOT TO SCALE

Annex 14 - FATO with TLOF
France proposed during

FATO + TLOF+ SAFETY AREA HDWG meetings and at
AP2 that more than one
TLOF should be allowed in
a FATO – not supported by
other ICAO members for
‗safety reasons: NOT
included in ‗tranche 2‘.
France said it has propose it
again in response to State
Letter is issued - not known
if change
NOTwillTO be made!!
SCALE

SURFACE (GROUND) LEVEL
HELIPORTS

―Free Field‖ FATO with TLOF
SAFETY AREA
TLOF
FATO
NOT TO SCALE

FATO + 3 TLOFs each collocated
with a Helicopter Stand
3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE

FATO with TLOF + 3 Helicopter Stands
Non-Simultaneous Operations
HELICOPTER
FATO + TLOF+ SAFETY AREA
STANDs
NOT TO SCALE

FATO + TLOF Collocated
with Helicopter Stand
FATO TLOF collocated with STAND

Aiming
Point Air/Hover Taxi
Marking
OPTIONAL
IFHA
recommends
it should be
used! FATO + SAFETY AREA
NOT TO SCALE

FATO + TLOF Collocated with Helicopter Stand
+ 3 Additional Helicopter Stands
TLOF collocated with STAND
Air/Hover Taxi
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi or
Ground Taxi STANDs
NOT TO SCALE
+ 3 Additional Helicopter Stands (2 Sizes)
Air/Hover Taxi
HELICOPTER STANDs
[Two sizes of STANDs]
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi or
Ground Taxi

FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE

+ 3 Additional Helicopter Stands
Air/Hover Taxi
STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi or
Ground Taxi NOT TO SCALE

‗Overlapping‘ TLOFs collocated with STANDs

NOT ALLOWED
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi

‗Overlapping‘ TLOFs collocated with STANDs

NOT ALLOWED –SAFETY REASON
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi

FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE

FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
TLOFs/Stands can
be designed to size
of largest helicopter
FATO must be i.e. design helicopter
designed to size of
largest helicopter i.e. NOT TO SCALE
‗design helicopter‘
FATO + SAFETY AREA

Air/Hover Taxi
TLOFs + Stands can be

designed for different
size helicopters
FATO must be
designed to size of
largest helicopter i.e.
NOT TO SCALE
design helicopter
FATO + SAFETY AREA

ICAO Annex 14 Vol II is very
‗flexible‘ when designing
surface (ground) level Air/Hover Taxi
heliports and allows many
layouts, while providing a
good ‗safe design‘.
NOT TO SCALE

FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
FATO + 2 TLOFs each collocated with a
Helicopter Stand + 3 Helicopter Stands
Simultaneous Operations
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs 3 Stands
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
3 Stands
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
Non-Simultaneous Stand Operations

3 Stands
FATO + SAFETY AREA
A helicopter ‗flight‘ terminates at

Air/Hover Taxi
(or commences from) a TLOF
NOT TO SCALE


3 Stands
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air (or ground) helicopter

movement or operation **
Air/Hover Taxi
** This is NOT a ‗flight’. NOT TO SCALE

3 Stands
FATO + SAFETY AREA
A helicopter ‗flight‘ terminates at

(or commences from) a TLOF
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE

3 Stands
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air (or ground) helicopter

movement or operation **
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
** This is NOT a ‗flight’.
Helicopter Stand

FATO + SAFETY AREA

A helicopter ‗flight‘
terminates at (or
commences from) a
TLOF
Air/Hover Taxi
FATO * + Safety Area- TLOF/Stand Central Zone
No load bearing Static LB
reqirement!! *
* Rec - SLB NOT TO SCALE
FATO + 2 Helicopter Stands

FATO + SAFETY AREA

A helicopter ‗flight‘
Applies to PC2/PC3 Heliports ONLY … at (or
terminates
… for PC1 Heliports the FATOcommences
shall havefrom) a
―bearing strength sufficient to accommodate
TLOF
a rejected take-off by helicopters operated in
performance class 1‖ Air/Hover Taxi
i.e. *be+ Dynamic
FATO Load Bearing
Safety Area- (DLB)
TLOF/Stand Central
No load bearing Zone Static LB
reqirement!! *
Helicopter Stand

FATO + SAFETY AREA

Concept illustrated is not supported byAall helicopter ‗flight‘
HDWG members
and it does not appear to be ‗in line‘ withterminates at (orso it
Annex 6. Even
is LAI opinion that this is used as basescommences from) a 1‘
for text in ‗tranche
Annex 14 (and proposed ‗tranche 2‘): this aspect TLOF is to be
address again in the development of the Heliport Manual.
Air/Hover Taxi
FATO * + Safety Area- TLOF/Stand Central Zone
No load bearing Static LB
reqirement!! *

FATO + SAFETY AREA A helicopter ‗flight‘

terminates at (or
commences from) a TLOF
– Most Nations accept
that ‗flight‘ can be
terminated in a ‗hover‘
Air/Hover Taxi
Stand-Static LB
TLOF Dynamic LB
NOT TO SCALE
FATO –Static LB

FATO + SAFETY AREA A helicopter ‗flight‘

terminates at (or
commences from) a TLOF
– Most Nations accept this
can be terminated in an
‗hover‘helicopter
Air (or ground)
movement or operation
Air/Hover Taxi
Stand-Static LB
TLOF Dynamic LB
NOT TO SCALE
FATO –Static LB
FATO with TLOF + Air Transit Route
Air Transit Route TLOF collocated with STAND
FATO + TLOF
Day =7RD [5.8D]

Night =10RD [8.3D]
FATO + SAFETY AREA NOT TO SCALE

FATO + TLOF
Day =7RD [5.8D]

Night =10RD [8.3D]

FATO + TLOF Collocated with Helicopter
Stand + Air Transit Route
FATO
Marking??
Day =7RD [5.8D]

Night =10RD [8.3D]

FATO + TLOF
Day TO
NOT USED IN PRACTICE – PROPOSED =7RD [5.8D]
REMOVE
Night
REFRENCE TO ‗AIR TRANSIT ROUTES‘ IN=10RD [8.3D]2
TRANCHE

FATO + TLOF Collocated with Helicopter
Stand + Air Transit Route
FATO
Marking
NOT USED IN PRACTICE – PROPOSED TO REMOVE
NOT
REFRENCE TO ‗AIR TRANSIT ROUTES‘ IN TRANCHE 2
agreed!
Day =7RD [5.8D]

Night =10RD [8.3D]

FATOs / TLOFs

FATOs / TLOFs
***Annex 14, like FAA ACs,

give Minimum Sizes ****

SQUARE /CIRCULAR FATOs/TLOFs
Annex 14 allows the FATO and TLOF to be square,

rectangular or circular ... or in fact any shape. It is not
mentioned in Annex 14 but it is generally accepted that square
or rectangular FATOs or TLOFs – or those with ‗straight edge‘
sides - provides much better visual cues, particularly on
approach, to the pilot than a circular FATOs or TLOFs.
Similar at a distance during nighttime operations, a square or
rectangular pattern of FATO or TLOF perimeter edge lights
provides the pilot with better visual cues and information on
drift displacement, closure rate, etc. than a circular pattern.
Thus there are advantages in designing heliports with a square
FATO and/or square TLOF or for the FATO and/or TLOF
being hexagonal, octagonal or a shape with ‗straight edges‘.

SQUARE /CIRCULAR FATOs/TLOFs
Annex 14 allows the FATO and TLOF to be square,

rectangular or circular ... or in fact any shape. It is not
mentioned in Annex 14 but it is generally accepted that studies
show that square or rectangular FATOs or TLOFs – or those
with ‗straight edge‘ sides - provides much better visual cues,
particularly on approach, to the pilot than a circular FATOs or
TLOFs. Similar at a distance during nighttime operations, a
square or rectangular pattern of FATO or TLOF perimeter
edge lights provides the pilot with better visual cues and
information on drift displacement, closure rate, etc. than a
circular pattern. Thus there are advantages in designing
heliports with a square FATO and/or square TLOF or for the
FATO and/or TLOF being hexagonal, octagonal or a shape
with ‗straight edges‘.
FATO INTERPRETATION
SURFACE HELIPORTS
• FATOs in AC-2B and Annex 14 are similar but ‗different‘!
• 2004 Annex 14 main ‗Load Bearing Surface‘
• ‗Tranche 1‘ 2009 Annex 14 TLOF main ‗Load Bearing Surface‘ **
• FAA – need NOT be ‗load bearing‘ [TLOF provides ‗load bearing

surface‘]
• FAA requires FATO (and/or TLOF) perimeter to be marked.
• Annex 14 requires FATO and TLOF perimeter to be marked only if

―perimeter is not self –evident‖ i.e if not clearly visible.
[IFHA proposed TLOF perimeter to be always marked with white line ...
NOT supported by other ICAO member!!]
** Also retained in Annex 14 Vol ‗Tranche 2‘ 2013.

TLOF Annex 14
 TLOF CAN BE LOCATED INSIDE THE FATO

OR COLLOCATED WITH A HELICOPTER STAND.
‗Tranche 1‘ Change/Clarification – retained in ‗Tranche 2‘
 FATO SURROUNDED BY SAFETY AREA
 ‗TLOF COLLOCATED WITH A ‗HELICOPTER STAND‘
(PARKING AREA) IS ―PROTECTED‖ BY HELICOPTER

STAND SAFETY AREA.

TLOF
•‗Tranche 1‘ 2009 / ‗Tranche 2‘ (2013) ANNEX 14
-TLOF CAN BE LOCATED INSIDE THE FATO OR COLLOCATED WITH A
HELICOPTER STAND.
-FATO SURROUNDED BY SAFETY AREA
-TLOF COLLOCATED WITH STAND ―PROTECTED‖ BY HELICOPTER STAND

REQUIREMENTS
AC -2B / AC-2C
–EACH TLOF MUST BE LOCATED IN A FATO SURROUNDED BY A SAFETY AREA.
–SAFETY AREAS MUST NOT OVERLAP.
–HELICOPTER CAN HOVER-TAXI OR GROUND-TAXI TO PARKING AREA

HELIPORTS INTENDED TO BE USED BY
HELICOPTERS OPERATED IN
PERFORMANCE CLASS 1
[NO CORRESPONDING FAA AC-2B REQUIREMENTS]

PERFORMANCE CLASS 1
[NO CORRESPONDING FAA AC-2B REQUIREMENTS]

HELIPORT - PC 1
• ICAO Annex 14
– Minimum FATO ―as prescribed in the Flight Manual‖ [ For ‗free field‘ Cat A / PC1
operation, the FATO (which includes the RTOA) can be up to 1600 ft (490m) or more at
MTOM/High Temp: for Restricted Cat A procedure **
[NO CHANGE IN ‗TRANCHE 1‘ or ‗TRANCHE 2‘ ANNEX 14.]
– Minimum TLOF – 0.83D

[CHANGED IN ‗TRANCHE 1‘ ANNEX 14]
• FAA AC-2B/AC-2C [Transport –Operations with large Helicopters]
– FATO: Width 100 ft (30.5m) or 2 RD

Length 200 ft (61m) or 2 RD
– TLOF: 50 ft (15.25m) or 1 RD
………………………………………………………………………………………
** Size for ‗safe restricted area Cat A operation‘ is quoted in the R/HFM for helicopters
certificated for Cat A operations. Values vary from 1.15 D (B206T) to 2.25 D (S61).
[Some confusion however if size quoted in H/RFM value is the FATO!]

PC1/TRANSPORT HELIPORT
ICAO Annex 14
[Performance Class 1]
[TLOF NOT SHOWN]
FATO: Value in Flight Manual [Approx. 1D ~ 2.25D]
RTOA – ‗Zero‘ to several Hundred ft/m

‘Free-field’ Takeoff: 1000-1500 ft (300-460 m)
Safety Area – 0.25D (load bearing)
FAA AC-2C - Transport Heliport

TLOF: 1 RD – Min 50 ft (15 m)
FATO Width 2RD – Min 100 ft (30 m)

FATO Length 2RD – Min 200 ft (61 m) Protection Zone 400 ft (122 m)

FATO SIZE – PC1
‗Tranche 1‘ 2009 Annex 14 Par 3.1.3 a
[No Change in ‗tranche 2‘]
The dimensions of a FATO shall be:

a) where intended to be used by helicopters operated in
performance class 1, as prescribed in the helicopter flight manual
(HFM) except that, in the absence of width specifications, the width shall
be not less than the greatest overall dimension (D) of the largest helicopter
the FATO is intended to serve;
Note.— Where the term FATO is not used in the HFM, the
minimum landing/take-off area specified in the HFM for the
appropriate flight profile is used.

FATO SIZE – PC1
Justification: Annex 6 ‗Appendix to Attachment A: Example’
3. Operating area considerations
3.1 FATO
For operations in performance Class 1, the dimensions of the
FATO should be at least equal to the dimensions specified in the
helicopter flight manual.
Note.— A FATO that is smaller than the dimensions specified in the

helicopter flight manual may be accepted if the helicopter is capable
of a hover out of ground effect with one engine inoperative (HOGE
OEI), and the conditions of 4.1 below can be met.

FATO SIZE – PC1
However a change of policy over the last few years by the major
airworthiness/certification authorities such as the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA/USA), Transport Canada and European Aviation
Safety Agency (EASA), in the way that the Category A (Performance Class
1) Heliport/Helipad (landing area) requirements defined in the
Rotorcraft/Helicopter Flight Manual (R/HFM) are established means that
the procedures defined in Annex 14, Volume) are no longer appropriate and
could lead to an un-safe situation if interpreted in a certain manner.
IFHA has recommended that this aspect is re-examined within the ICAO
Heliport Design Working Group (HDWG), changes made to the design
requirement for Performance Class 1 heliports and/or discussion held with
the various airworthiness/certification authorities with a view to getting the
procedures used to establish the ‗Category A restricted heliport, helipad or
landing area helipad sizes‘ changed to the those originally used and defined
in FAA AC 29-2C Certification of Transport Category Rotorcraft.

HELIPORT - PC 1
‗Helipad size‘ values in the Rotorcraft/Helicopter Flight Manual (R/HFM) in the 1980s typically
gave values of 1.5D or more: i.e..
‗AS355F1 and AS355F2 (certificate in 1980 and 1987 respectively) was 2.51D.
‗Helipad sizes‘ have, relative to 1D, tended to decrease over the years so that the ‗helipad size‘ in
1990/2000 time frame was reduced to typically 1.3D/1.4D: i.e.
S-76 - 1.33D (1996) , B427- 1.41D (1999), EC135P2 - 1.23D (2002).
In some recently issue R/HFMs the ‗helipad size‘ quoted are in the order of 1D and in some cases
less than 1D! i.e.
Bell 429 (2002) – 0.99D, AgustaWestland 139 (2003)‘
―Clearly there is no way that the ‗helipad size‘ which encompasses the rotor system can be less than
say 1.25D and, in terms of ICAO Annex 14 Volume II, it would appear that the R/HFM value is
‗more like‘ the TLOF. One manufacturer confirmed this in 2000 when a similar issue was being
addressed in the USA. it is an area which encompasses (with an adequate safety margin) the
undercarriage and is not in any way related to area which can ‗contains‘ the rotor system.‖

HELIPORT - PC 1
Envelope of the ‗rotors‘

during OEI landings and
takeoffs.
‗Safety Area‘ added to ‗envelope’
Diagrammatic representation of procedure to determine ‗helipad size‘

of helipad based on the position of the rotors as outlined in AC 29-2C –
this is the assumption on which Annex 14 requirements are based.

HELIPORT - PC 1
Envelope of the ‗undercarriage‘

during OEI landings and takeoffs
Diagrammatic representation showing ‗areas‘ based on

the position of the rotors and the undercarriage.

HELIPORT - PC 1
Diagrammatic representation of the ‗helipad size‘ based on

the undercarriage and the rotors

HELICOPTER CLEARWAY
• 2004 Annex 14: Helicopter clearway. A defined area on the

ground or water under the control of the appropriate authority,
selected and/or prepared as a suitable area over which a
performance Class 1 helicopter may accelerate and achieve a
specific height
• ‗Tranche 1‘ Annex 14 :. Helicopter clearway. A defined area

on above the ground or water, selected and/or prepared as a
suitable area over which a helicopter operated in performance
Class 1 may accelerate and achieve a specific height.
Définition retained for ‗tranche 2‘

HELICOPTER CLEARWAY
• 2004 Annex 14: Helicopter clearway. A defined area

on the ground or water under the control of the
appropriate authority, selected and/or prepared as a
suitable area over which a performance Class 1
This was re-addressed as part of tranche 2 review
helicopter may accelerate and achieve a specific
– some members felt it should also apply to PC2
height
and PC3 takeoffs but no changes proposed.
• ‗New‘ Tranche 1 Annex 14 :. Helicopter clearway. A

defined area on above the ground or water, selected
and/or prepared as a suitable area over which a
helicopter operated in performance Class 1 may
accelerate and achieve a specific height.

PC1 GROUND SPACE
Free-field/Clear-area Cat A
FATO
RTOA length and Takeoff distance given in R/HFM – but normally

„width‟ of RTOA not quoted.

PC1 GROUND SPACE
Free-field/Clear-area Cat A
FATO
„Clearway‟
Area to be protected – not required to be load bearing

PC1 GROUND SPACE
Restricted Area/Short-field Cat A
„Clearway‟ Area to be
Area defined in the H/RFM protected – not required to
be load bearing

HELICOPTER CLEARWAY
2004 Annex 14
• 3.1.6 When it is necessary to provide a helicopter clearway, it shall be
located beyond the upwind end of the rejected take-off area available.
‘New‘ Tranche 1 Annex 14
• 3.1.9 When a helicopter clearway is provided, it shall be located beyond

the end of the rejected take-off area available within the FATO.
Proposed ‗Tranche 2‘ Annex 14
• 3.1.910 When a helicopter clearway is provided, it shall be located

beyond the end of the rejected take-off area available FATO.

PERFORMANCE CLASS 2 and 3

SURFACE-LEVEL (ICAO)
GROUND-LEVEL (US/FAA)
HELIPORTS
Annex 14 - PC2/PC3
[NOT case for helicopter with MTOM 3175 kg (7000 lb)]
FAA AC-2C – General Aviation (GA)

PC2/PC3
SURFACE LEVELHELIPORTS
LOAD BEARING AREA –SIZE
TLOF/HELICOPTER STAND – MARKING

TLOF
• TLOF/‗load bearing area‘ is the area in

which the wheels or skids are ―intended
to be contained‖
- TLOF in the FATO
- TLOF in a Stand

TLOF
• TLOF/‗load bearing area‘ is the area in

which the wheels or skids are ―intended
to be contained‖
- TLOF in the FATO
- TLOF in a Stand

SIZE OF FATO
SIZE OF TLOF
TOUCHDOWN/POSITIONING
MARKING

SIZE OF FATO
SIZE OF TLOF
TOUCHDOWN/POSITIONING
MARKING
APPLICABLE TO BOTH SURFACE (GROUND) LEVEL
AND ELEVATED HELIPORTS ..... AND HELIDECKS

Annex 14 - PC2/PC3
Note: Examples are based on PC2/PC3 Heliport

where in the ‗Tranche 1 Annex 14‘ the FATO is
1 D - for heliports designed for operations with
helicopter with MTOM 3175 kg (7000 lb) or
less, these are allowed under Annex 14 to have a
smaller FATO of 0.83 D.

Touchdown Marking
Annex 14 (2004)
5.2.8.2 A touchdown marking shall be located
so that when a helicopter for which the marking
is intended is positioned, with the main
undercarriage inside the marking and the pilot
situated over the marking, all parts of the
helicopter will be clear of any obstacle by a safe
margin.

ICAO Annex 14 Heliport Leverton
Design Workshop
Associates International
Undercarriage
S-76
„Pilot‟ Position
TLOF 1.5 UC
0.5D Touchdown Circle
1 D FATO

Undercarriage
S-76
TLOF 1.5 UC
1 D FATO

EC 155

MD 500/520N
Undercarriage
TLOF 1.5 UC
1 D FATO

Bell 427
Pilot Position
Undercarriage
TLOF 1.5 UC
1 D FATO

Undercarriage EC 155
TLOF 1.5 UC
1 D FATO

Sikorsky S-92
Undercarriage
Pilot Position
TLOF 1.5 UC
1 D FATO

S-61N
Undercarriage
1 D FATO

Center of AS 360 Dauphin
1D FATO
Rotor Disc
1D FATO 0.5D Touchdown Circle

UH-70 / Blackhawk
Undercarriage

1 D FATO

EC 155

S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)

S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)

S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)

S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)

ICAO Annex 14 Heliport Leverton
Design Workshop
Associates International
S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)

S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)
TLOF =
Approx 1 RD
i.e 0.83 D

TOUCHDOWN MARKING
• Analysis established that a ‗Touchdown

marking‘ consisting of a circle of
diameter of 0.5D centered on the FATO
or Stand, will satisfy the requirements for
unidirectional positioning to an
acceptable level of accuracy/safety.

Undercarriage
S-76
TLOF 1.5 UC
1 D FATO

Undercarriage
„Pilot‟ Position S-76
Proposed TLOF 0.83D (1RD)
1 D FATO

GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT
Performance Class 2 & 3
2004 Annex 14
Dynamic Major Study of TLOF
Load-1D size requirements and
use of Touchdown
Marking by IFHA for
the Onshore Heliport
Sub-group: increase in
size agreed and
included in ‗tranche 1‘.
FATO 1D
TLOF 1.5 U/C
Safety Area 0.5 D
TLOF / FATO
‗Tranche 1‘ Annex 14
‗TLOF‘ INCREASED FROM 1.5 UC TO 0.83D (1RD)
‗FATO‘ DECREASED FROM 1.5D TO 1D
Note: NAME OF ‗TOUCHDOWN MARKING‘ CHANGED TO

‗TOUCHDOWN/POSITIONING MARKING’

Touchdown/Positioning Marking
‗Tranche 2‘ Proposal: minor change
‘Tranche 1‘ (2009) Annex 14
5.2.9.2 A Touchdown/Positioning Marking should be

provided when it is necessary for a helicopter to touch down
or be accurately placed by the pilot in a specific position
Proposed ‗tranche 2‘ Annex 14 [minor change]

5.2.10.23 A Touchdown/Positioning Marking shall be so
located so that when the pilot‘s seat is over the marking,
the whole of the undercarriage will be within the load
bearing area TLOF or FATO/TLOF and all parts of the
helicopter will be clear of any obstacle by a safe margin.

Perimeter markings and the ‗H‘ (heliport designation

marking) provides the pilot with visual cues on the
location of the heliport and information on the rate-of-
closure on approach etc., but does not provide
information on where to touchdown on the TLOF or
position the helicopter during maneuvers on the TLOF
or parking area. A Touchdown/Positioning (circle)
marking – TDPC marking – provides such information.
TPM markings are widely used by the offshore (oil)

industry on helidecks and on heliports in many nations.
It is being included in AC 150-5390-2B by the FAA

Bell 427: Landing/Parked Forward of ‗H‘
Helicopter parked
forward of center
Arc of Tail 1D TLOF

Rotor turning
about the rotor
hub
S-76: Landing/Parked Forward of ‗H‘
‗Hover turning‘ about the rotor hub
Arc of Tail Rotor

turning about the
rotor hub

S-76: Landing/Parked Forward of ‗H‘
‗Hover turning‘
about the pilot
1D TLOF
Arc of Tail
Rotor Turning
about the Pilot

S-76:Arc of Tail Rotor
Turning about the Pilot
Arc of Tail
Rotor Turning
about the Pilot

S-76 Parked over TDP ‗circle‘ marking
1D/OL FATO

Arc of Tail Rotor 1D/OL FATO

using TDP ‗circle‘
marking

S-76: Arc of Tail Rotor using TDP ‗cicle‘
marking
1D/OL FATO

Arc of Tail
Rotor turning
about the rotor
hub

Bell 427: Parked over TDP
‗circle‘ marking
Arc of Tail Rotor

using TDP
‗circle‘ marking
1D TLOF
Diameter 1D

UH-60: Turning using the ‘TD/P circle’
Tail Wheel
Location
Tail Wheel
Position (arc): 1D
[64.80 ft/19.75 m]
turning using
the ‘TD/P
circle’
TD/P (Circle) marking

0.5OL (0.5D) inner diameter
Main Rotor ‘Tip
[32.40 ft/9.88 m] Path’
UH-60: Turning about the rotor hub
Tail Wheel Location

Tail Wheel
Position (arc):
turning around 1D
the rotor axis [64.80 ft/19.75m]
Main Rotor ‘Tip Path’

A TDP marking provides the pilot with information on where

to position the helicopter and ensures:
(i) the rotor system, and in particular the tail rotor, is clear of
obstacles in the vicinity of the heliport/helideck or parking
area (helicopter stand),
(ii) the undercarriage is positioned within the load bearing
area (TLOF) or helicopter parking area by an adequate safe
margin, and
(iii) the rotor system and undercarriage are stay well with the
safety and load bearing area (TLOF) during air (hover)
turning maneuvers.


margin, and
turning maneuvers.


It system,
(i) the rotor is of major
and in importance when
particular the tail theis clear of
rotor,
obstacleshelicopter
in the vicinity of thethe
using heliport/helideck
heliport is of or parking
the
maximum size for which the heliport
was designed.
margin, and
turning maneuvers.


margin, and
turning maneuvers.

HELIDECK MARKING
Helideck prohibited landing sector markings
Prohibited landing sector markings, where deemed necessary, are applied to indicate a range of
helicopter headings that are not to be used by a helicopter when landing. This is to ensure that the
nose of the helicopter is kept clear of the hatched markings during the maneouvre to land.

SUMMARY
TLOF-FATO-Safety Area Sizes

PC2 and PC3 Surface Level Heliport
Annex 14
FATO – SLB -1D
TLOF
Dynamic Load
Bearing (DLB)
0.83D (1RD)
Safety Area – 0.5 D

SURFACE (GROUND) LEVEL HELIPORT
Performance 2 & 3
ICAO Annex 14
2004 Annex 14
Static
Dynamic
Load
Load 1D
FATO Dynamic
Static Load
Loading
0.83 D
FATO 1D
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 0.83 D
TLOF 1.5 U/C
Safety Area 0.5 D
Safety Area 0.25 D
SURFACE (GROUND) LEVEL HELIPORT
Performance 2 & 3
Current ICAO of
Also FATO Annex 14
0.83 D ICAO Annex 14
allowed for
Helicopters with MTOM of
Dynamic
3175 kg or less ** Load
(i.e. FATO and TLOF same
size) FATO
Static Dynamic
Loading Load
** Part 27 Helicopters 0.83 D
FATO 1.5D FATO 1D
(3175 kg/7000 lbs or less)
TLOF 1.5 U/C TLOF 0.83 D
Safety Area 0.25 D Safety Area 0.585 D
Annex 14 – PC2 / PC 3
‗Tranche 1‘ (2009) Annex 14 Par 3.1.3
3.1.3 The dimensions of a FATO shall be
b) where intended to be used by helicopters operated in
performance Class 2 and 3, of sufficient size and shape to
contain an area within which can be drawn a circle of
diameter not less than:
1) 1D of the largest helicopter when the MTOW of
helicopters the FATO is intended to serve is more than 3175
kg,
2) 0.83 D of the largest helicopter when the MTOM of
helicopters the FATO is intended to serve is 3175 kg or
less.
FAR/JAR Part 27 mass (weight) limit: 3175 kg = 7000 lbs / 0.83 D = 1 RD

PC2/PC3 Surface Level Heliport
Annex 14 – 1D FATO + 0.83D TLOF Annex 14 – 0.83D FATO / TLOF

(Helicopter less than 3175 kg/7000lbs)
Touchdown/Position Marking – 0.5D
2D
Safety
Area
FATO – SLB – 1D
TLOF – DLB – 0.83D FATO/TLOF – DLB – 0.83D
SLB = Static Load Bearing: DLB = Dynamic Load Bearing

GENERAL AVIATION/CLASS 2 & 3
Annex 14 FAA AC-2C

Static
Load-1D
Dynamic
Load-1RD
Dynamic
Load
0.83 D
Static
FATO 1D Load FATO 1.5D
1.5 D
TLOF 0.83 D TLOF 1RD
Safety Area 0.5 D Safety Area 1/3RD
Annex 14 FAA AC-2C

Static
Load-1D
Dynamic
Load-1RD
Dynamic
Load
0.83 D
FATO 1D Static FATO 1.5D

Load
TLOF―More
FAA AC-2B 0.83 D Demanding
1.5 D FATO TLOF
size requirement‖
1RD
ICAO Annex 14
3175 kg (7000 lb) or less FAA AC-2C
Dynamic
Load-1RD
Dynamic
Load
0.83 D
FATO 0.83D Static FATO 1.5D

Load
TLOF 0.83 D 1.5 D TLOF 1RD
0.83D=1RD
FAA PPR + Hospital Heliports/CLASS 2 & 3
ICAO Tranche 1 Annex 14

3175 kg (7000 lb) or less FAA AC-2B
Dynamic
Load-1RD
Dynamic
Load
0.83 D
FATO 0.83D FATO 1.5D

TLOF 0.83 D TLOF 1RD
ELEVATED HELIPORTS

ELEVATED HELIPORTS - TURBULENCE
High level of turbulence

over TLOF ‗Clean‘ air flow
over TLOF
TLOF
NO Airgap Airgap
TLOF on top of building TLOF above top of building
ELEVATED HELIPORTS - TURBULENCE
Elevated Heliport
3.2.11 Recommendation.— The FATO/TLOF should be located so as to minimize the
influence of the surrounding environment, including turbulence, which could have an
adverse impact on helicopter operations.
Note.— Specific guidance to determine if an air-gap under the heliport and/or

some other turbulence mitigating design measure is necessary is given in the Heliport
Manual (Doc 9261). If turbulence mitigating design measures are warranted but not
practical, operational limitations may need to be considered under certain wind
conditions.
Helideck
3.3.5 A helideck shall be arranged to ensure that a sufficient and unobstructed air-gap is
provided which encompasses the full dimensions of the FATO/TLOF.
Note.- Specific guidance on the characteristics of an air-gap is given in the Heliport

Manual (Doc 9261). As a general rule, except for shallow superstructures of three
stories or less, a sufficient air-gap will be at-least 3m.

ELEVATED HELIPORTS
New Term introduced in ‗tranche 2‘ .... FATO/TLOF
FATO/TLOF. A FATO and a TLOF which occupy the same

space and have the same load bearing characteristics, on an
elevated heliport, a helideck or a shipboard heliport.
Note: In this presentation some charts which refer to ‗elevated

heliports/helidecks‘ and hence the FATO/TLOF have been changed
…but not all.
.....
ICAO FATO/TLOF
ELEVATED FACILITIES
•ELEVATED HELIPORTS - PC 1:
• SIZE PRESCRIBED IN FLIGHT MANUAL *
• MINIMUM WIDTH 1D
[TYPICALLY VALUES FOR LENGTH: 1.1 D TO 2.6 D]
* Problem with R/HFM ‗Cat A Issue‘
[ HELIDECKS: 1 D]

ICAO FATO/TLOF
ELEVATED FACILITIES
•ELEVATED HELIPORTS - PC 1:
• SIZE PRESCRIBED IN FLIGHT MANUAL *
• MINIMUM WIDTH 1D
[TYPICALLY VALUES FOR LENGTH: 1.1 D TO 2.6 D]
• ELEVATED HELIPORT - PC 2/3 ** - 1D

- 0.83D less than 3175 kg (7000 lbs)
AC-2C: Major Change
* Problem with R/HFM ‗Cat A Issue‘
1D for Elevated GA and Hospital Heliports.

** In 2004 Annex 14 – NO PC 3 ALLOWED: Annex 6 (2007) allowed PC 3
Heliports and ‗tranche 1‘ Annex 14 was updated to allow this.
[ HELIDECKS: 1 D]

ELEVATED HELIPORTS
Annex 14 - PC2/PC3
FAA AC-2C – General Aviation (GA)

ELEVATED HELIPORT
GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 & PC3
ICAO Annex 14 FAA AC-2C
Dynamic
Load
Static
1D Load
FATO/TLOF 1D FATO 1.5D 1RD

TLOF 1RD
ELEVATED HELIPORT
Dynamic
Load-1D
FATO/TLOF 1D FATO 1.5D

TLOF 1D
ELEVATED HELIPORT
Dynamic FATO of 0.83 D

Load-1D
allowed for
Helicopters with
MTOW of 3175 kg
(7000 lbs) or less

TLOF 1D
ELEVATED HELIPORT
PPR
ICAO Annex 14 FAA AC-2 C
for Helicopters with MTOW of 3175 kg (7000 lbs) or less PPR
Dynamic
Load
FATO/TLOF 0.83D FATO 1.5D
Safety Area 0.585 D TLOF 1RD

Safety Area 1/3RD
ELEVATED HELIPORT
FAA AC-2C
ICAO Annex 14
HOSPITAL HELIPORT
Dynamic
Load-1D

TLOF 1D
AC-2C: Major
Safety Change
Area 0.5 D - 1D ElevatedSafety
Hospital Heliports
Area 1/3RD
PC2/PC3 Elevated Heliport
Annex 14 – 1D FATO / TLOF Annex 14 – 0.83D FATO / TLOF

Touchdown/Position Marking – 0.5D
2D
Safety
Area
FATO /TLOF– DLB – 1D FATO/TLOF – DLB – 0.83D

DLB = Dynamic Load Bearing
HELIDECKS
Annex 14 0.05D
1D FATO / TLOF
0.62D 1:2
Touchdown/Positioning
Marking (circle) 0.83D 150° Sector
0.5D Centerline
‘obstacle
Annex 14 - 0.83D FATO / TLOF
(Helicopter less than 3175 kg/7000lbs) limitation
surfaces’
Safety Net 0.5D

(or Safety Shelf) 0.62D
0.83D
LONDON BATTERSEA HELIPORT
‗FAILS‘
‗2004 ICAO ANNEX 14
HELICOPTER TOO LARGE.
MEETS US/FAA AC-2B

REQUIREMENTS
W30: RD= 44 ft (13 m)
D=53ft (16 m)
Helipad: Width 53 ft (16 m)
Length 125 ft (38 m)
Based on 2004 Annex 14, R22
(RD - 26 ft/ 7.9 m: D – 29ft/ 8.8
m) would NOT be acceptable!
Just OK if safety area assume
not load bearing.

LONDON BATTERSEA HELIPORT
MEETS
‗Tranche 1‘ ANNEX 14
PC2 / PC3
REQUIREMENTS .
W30: RD= 44 ft (13 m)

D=53ft (16 m)
Helipad: Width 53 ft (16 m)
Length 125 ft (38 m)
.

Tranche 2
MAJOR Proposed Changes

ELEVATED HELIPORTS/HELIDECKS
Tranche 1 (2009) Annex 14
Final approach and take-off areas and

touchdown and lift-off areas
Note.— On elevated heliports it is presumed that the FATO and one TLOF will be coincidental.
3.2.2 An elevated heliport shall be provided with one FATO.

Touchdown and lift-off areas
3.2.14 One TLOF shall be coincidental with the FATO.
Note.— Additional TLOFs may be collocated with helicopter stands.
Proposed Tranche 2
Final approach and take-off areas and

touchdown and lift-off areas
Note.— On elevated heliports it is presumed that the FATO and one TLOF will be coincidental.
3.2.2 An elevated heliport shall be provided with at least one FATO/TLOF.
i.e. no separate TLOF requirements.
. ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

Surface (Ground) Level Heliport
Tranche 1

3.1.13 At least one TLOF shall be provided at a heliport.
Note 1.— The TLOF may or may not be located within the FATO
.
Note 2.— Additional TLOFs may be collocated with helicopter stands
Tranche 2
3.1.15 One TLOF shall be located within the FATO or one or more TLOFs shall be
collocated with helicopter stands. For runway-type FATOs, additional TLOFs located
in the FATO are acceptable. For further guidance see Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

HELIPORT TERMINLOGY
OR

Area Protection Area


HELIPORT TERMINLOGY
‗Tranche 2‘:Touchdown and lift-off areas

OR
3.1.15 One TLOF shall be located within the FATO or one or
more TLOFs shall be collocated with helicopter stands. For runway-type
FATOs, additional TLOFs located in the FATO are acceptable. For further
guidance see Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

Note each ‗remote
Protection Area
AreaTLOF‘ must collocated in a separate ‗HELICOPTER
STANDS‘ .

SAFETY AREA

SAFETY ZONE/AREAS
• ICAO CURRENT ANNEX 14 – 0.25 D (1/4 OL) OR 3m (10ft)
• FAA AC-2B: These depend to some extent on the Heliport type and whether
or not the 1 RD ‗TLOF is marked‘.
i.e.. TLOF Marked: Private Use/PPR 1/3 RD or 10 ft. (3 m)
Hospital 1/3 RD or 10 ft. (3 m)
General Aviation 1/3 RD or 20 ft. (6 m)
Transport Min 30 ft. ( 9 m)
TLOF NOT Marked: ALL 1/2 OL (1/2D) or

20 ft /30 ft (6 m/9m)
(NOTE: TLOF must be marked on Transport Heliport)
NOTE: 1/3 RD is approximately the same dimension as 0.25 D. Thus ‗safety

area‘ is effectively the same for both current Annex 14 and ‗FAA‘ when the
TLOF is marked. The ICAO requirements assume that the helicopter does
not land/park near the edge of the FATO. The FAA requirements assume
the helicopter lands in the TLOF if it is marked.

SAFETY AREAS
ICAO ‗Tranche 1‘ Annex 14 2004 Annex 14
FATO 1D FATO 1.5D

Safety Area 0.5 D Safety Area 0.25D
OVERALL AREA – 2D [UNCHANGED]
SAFETY AREAS
ICAO ‗Tranche 1‘ Annex 14] FAA AC-2C
FATO 1D TLOF 1D (or 1RD)

Safety Area 0.5 D Safety Area (1/3RD +
Area Provided by FATO)
SAFETY AREA
2004 Annex 14
TLOF – 1.5 UC
Safety
Area
0.25 D
(approx
1/3 RD)
FATO – 1.5 D

SAFETY AREA
TLOF –0.83 D (1RD)
Total Area – Min 2D Safety

Area
0.5 D
FATO – 1D

Safety Area –– ‗Tranche 1‘
PC 1: Safety Area at least 3 m or 0.25 D, and:-
PC2/PC3: Safety Area at least 3 m or 0.5 D, and:-
a) each external side of the safety area shall be at least 2 D

where the FATO is quadrilateral; or
b) the outer diameter of the safety area shall be at least 2 D

where the FATO is circular.
Safety Area increased if FATO is less than 1 D

so minimum total area is 2 D

PC2/PC3 Surface Level Heliport
Touchdown/Position Marking – 0.5D Annex 14 – 0.83D FATO / TLOF

3.1.20 [Surface-level Heliport]
a) each external side of the safety

area shall be at least 2 D where
the FATO is quadrilateral; or
b) the outer diameter of the safety

2D
area shall be at least 2 D where
the FATO is circular.
Same for Elevated Heliport – 3.2.20

Safety
Safety Area increased if FATO Area
is less than 1 D so total area
is a minimum of 2 D FATO/TLOF – DLB – 0.83D
DLB = Dynamic Load Bearing

Safety Areas – ‗Tranche 1
PC2/PC3 Heliport
PC1 Heliport
Safety
Safety FATO – LBA – 2D Area -
FATO – LBA – 2D Area - 0.5D
0.25D
Safety Areas – ‗Tranche 2‘ Proposal
PC1 Heliport PC2/PC3 Heliport
Tranche 2: Text changed to make PC1 Heliport
requirements to apply to PC2/PC3 Heliports
Safety
Safety Area -
FATO – LBA – 2D Area - 0.25D
0.25D FATO – LBA – 2D
SAFETY AREAS
Safety areas
3.1.21 A FATO shall be surrounded by a safety area which need not be solid.
3.1.22 A safety area surrounding a FATO intended to be used by helicopters operated in
performance class 1 in visual meteorological conditions (VMC) shall extend outwards from the periphery of the
FATO for a distance of at least 3 m or 0.25 D, whichever is greater, of the largest helicopter the FATO is
intended to serve and:
a) each external side of the safety area shall be at least 2 D where the FATO is quadrilateral; or
b) the outer diameter of the safety area shall be at least 2 D where the FATO is circular.
(See Figure 3-1.)
3.1.21 A safety area surrounding a FATO intended to be used by helicopters operated in performance
class 2 or 3 in visual meteorological conditions (VMC) shall extend outwards from the periphery of the FATO for a
distance of at least 3 m or 0.5 D, whichever is greater, of the largest helicopter the FATO is intended to serve and:
a) each external side of the safety area shall be at least 2 D where the FATO is quadrilateral;
or b) the outer diameter of the safety area shall be at least 2 D where the FATO is circular.

ISSUES STILL TO BE ADDRESSED
…. WILL BE STUDIED WHEN DEVELOPING

HELIPORT MANUAL???

PC2/PC3 – ―ISSUE‖
SUGGESTION by one HDWG member:
Helicopter clearway. A defined area on the
ground or water, selected and/or prepared as a
suitable area over which a helicopter may
accelerate and achieve a specific height.
[i.e. proposal that reference to PC1 in definition in
‗tranche 1Annex 14‘ is removed so it applies to all Takeoff
operations.] Profile
35 ft / 10.7 m **
Area required in order of 200 m / 670 ft

** NOT defined in Annex 14 or ‘New’ Annex 14

PC2/PC3 – ―ACCELERATION DISTANCE‖
TOPIC CURRENTLY ADDRESSED IN ICAO HELIPORT

MANUAL NOT ANNEX 14 - ISSUE RELATED TO TAKEOFF
PERFORMANCE, APPLICATION OF H-V CURVES ETC.
ICAO HELIPORT MANUAL STATES –
•1.2.1.7 …. , a FATO of greater size than the statutory minimum dimensions

should be provided, over which the helicopter can accelerate safely to its climbing
speed before leaving the ground effect.
•1.2.1.9 Helicopter flight manuals contain performance graphs which indicate

combinations of forward speed and height above ground in which flight should be
avoided since, in the event of engine failure, … Therefore, to provide the
helicopter with an area over which it can safely accelerate to avoid these unsafe
combinations, it may be prudent to provide the sizes of FATO suggested in
Table 1-1 ….

PC2 / PC3 – FATO Length?
• Required most nations in Europe for PC2 and PC3 ‗public transport‘ heliports.
• Not required in US (FAA) but 280 ft/85 m ‗protection zone‘ is applied
• Not required in Canada (Transport Canada)
• Technically requirement has some merit but there is a need to find way for States to
be flexible in addressing such a requirement!
• Not supported by HAI for PC2 or PC3 heliports Takeoff

Profile
• Supported by EHA
35 ft / 10.7 m
AC-2B Protection Zone

Area required in order of 200 m / 670 ft

ANNEX 6 ISSUE
Annex 6 - Attachment A
2.3.2 Operations in Performance Class 2 should only be
conducted with a safe-force-landing capability during
take-off and landing.
This recommendation, in the new Attachment to Annex 6,
is considered by some HDWG members to be a
requirement that means that a safe-force-landing area
must be provided within the vicinity of the heliport !! This
would require in the order of 300 m/1000 ft ‗protection
zone‘ i.e. distance to the DPATO.
No agreed IFHA position – concept not supported by HAI

End of this section ….
…… MORE TO COME


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ICAO ‘ANNEX 14 UPDATE’

(ICAO Annex 14 Volume II –Heliports)

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

“Arc of Tail Rotor”

• ICAO ANNEX 14:

UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH AND/OR LENGTH [UC]- 2004 Annex 14

•FATO = 1.5 D [1.5 X OVERALL LENGTH (OL)]

Approx 1/3 RD = 0.25 D – Approx 2 x 1/3 RD = 0.5 D

** Used in ‗tranche 1‘ for TLOF size etc.

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

PARKING AREA = HELICOPTER STAND

HOVER TAXI = AIR TAXI

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

SAME TERMINOLOGY – BUT DIFFERENT MEANING

New ANNEX 14 - TLOF MAIN LOAD BEARING AREA

The ‗diagrams‘, although illustrating the approximate relative sizes,

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

Surface Level Heliports

In ‘tranche 1’ text changed to make

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

EACH TLOF MUST BE LOCATED AC 150/5390-2B

HELICOPTERS CAN HOVER-TAXI OR

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

Safety TLOF/Central Zone

FATO: Final Approach and Takeoff Area

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

FATO + TLOF+ SAFETY AREA

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

France proposed during

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

FATO TLOF collocated with STAND

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

FATO + SAFETY AREA

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs

FATO + SAFETY AREA

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

FATO + SAFETY AREA

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

‗Overlapping‘ TLOFs collocated with STANDs

FATO + SAFETY AREA

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

‗Overlapping‘ TLOFs collocated with STANDs

FATO + SAFETY AREA

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs

FATO + SAFETY AREA

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs

FATO + SAFETY AREA

3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs

FATO + SAFETY AREA

TLOFs + Stands can be

3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs

FATO + SAFETY AREA

ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012

2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs