Scheme & Solution of FEM (16 ME 64) TEST- 1 FEBRUARY 2019

Q M
1 Steps involved in FEM
 Discretization of the structure
 Selection of a proper interpolation or displacement model
 Derivation of element stiffness matrices and load vectors 4
 Assemblage of element equations to obtain the overall equilibrium equations
 Solution for the unknown nodal displacements
 Computation of element strains and stresses
Types of elements: 1 D, 2 D, 3 D Axisymmetric elements & applications 6
2 To derive for plane stress condition
 1 
 x    0  x 
  E   
 y   1 0   y 

 xy  (1   2
)  
1   xy 
   0 0   6
 2 
Though for plane stress case, the stress in the z - direction is zero, (  z = 0)

strain  z is non zero and is equal to 
E
 x  y 
2

Applications/examples: Thin plate with a hole, Cantilever plate , ring press fitted to a shaft 2
3
2
EI  d 2 y 
L

2 0  dx 2 
PE functional     dx  Pymax 2

Assume y  a0  a1 x  a2 x 2 , The boundary conditions are;

@ x  0, y  0,  0  a0  a1 (0)  a2 (0),  a0  0
dy 2
Also @ x  0,  0,  0  a1  2a2 (0),  a1  0  Displacement function y = a2 x 2
dx
L
d2y EI
 a2 L Also  2a2      2a2  dx  Pa2 L2
2 2
Hnece ymax 2
dx 2 0
6
 PL3
Minimising the PE w.r.t a2 ,  0 & to prove ymax =
a2 4EI

4 Convergence implies results obtained by FEA solution reaches the exact solution. It depends on the proper
selection of displacement field variable & order of the interpolation polynomials. The essential conditions of
convergence are;
Continuity: The polynomials chosen must be inherently continuous.
Compatibility: The structure must behave as a single unit when loaded and there should not be any gap
between the finite elements. This ensures that the displacement fields defined at the inter element boundaries
is continuous.
Completeness: The displacement model selected should satisfy rigid body displacement condition. Also it 4
should satisfy constant strain rate of an element.

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4 Shape functions are defined as the interpolation functions used to interpolate the value of the field variable (ex:
.. displacement) at any point within the element in terms of nodal values.
 1    1    
To derive shape functions at nodes 1 & 2 as  N    , 
 2 2 

5 Steel Stiffness matrices :

Aluminium E=210 GPa
E=70 GPa A=0.01 m 2  1 1  1 1
k  1.87 109  ,  k   8.4 109 
(1) (2)
A=0.02 m2
 
12 KN
 1 1   1 1 
0.75 m 0.25 m
Global stiffness matrix :
 1.87 1.87 0  4
 K   10 1.87 10.27 8.4 
9 

 0 8.4 8.4 
Element load vactors & global load vector :
 0 1
 F1   0  1  F2  12000  2
F    F   12000 2 , F    F    0  3 F   12000 2
(1) (2)

 2    3    0 3
 
Equilibrium Equation :  K U    F  Using fixed bc's at nodes 1 & 3,
 1.87 1.87 0 0   0 
   
 10  1.87 10.27 8.4  u2   12000  u2 = 1.17 × 10 -6 m
 9

4
 0 8.4 8.4   0   0 
Stresses & strains :
u2  u1 1.17 106  0
 (1)    1.56 × 10 -6 ,  (1)  E (1)  70  109  1.56  10 -6  109200 N / m 2
L1 0.75
2
u3  u2 0  1.17 106
 (2)
   4.68 × 10 -6 ,  (2)  E (2)  210  109  (4.68  10 -6 )  982800 N / m 2
L2 0.25
*******

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