Computerized Grading

System for Metropolitan

Academy of Manila

Christelle Joy Barreno, Amanda Arevalo, Anderson Emmanuel

Abundo, and Chriselle Laput
1.0 Introduction

People nowadays are living in an information age dependent upon digital

information. Digital information is electronic information, the result of computer
processing. Every type of job relies upon getting information, using it, managing it,
and relaying information to others. Computers enable the efficient processing and
storage of information.

A grading system plays a key role in the management system of any school.
But, such systems do not often relate expectations, outcomes, and performance. As
each student desires to achieve a good score for each assignment, exam, project
and/or report, the whole process adds heavy workload for teachers in order to make
their evaluation fair, comprehensive, and accurate. From the
faculty perspective, these are necessary to avoid disagreement from students and
parents. A computerized grading system is a highly desirable addition to the
educational tool-kit, particularly when it can provide less effort and a more effective
and timely outcome.

Grading systems are designed to provide incentives for achievement and

assist in identifying problem areas of a student. It is the most commonly used means
of analyzing student performance, talents and skills. Students’ grades are vital
information needed in advancing to the next grade/year level and its accuracy is very
important.

Many teachers feel that the time they take in recording and computing for the
grades of their students is time that could be better spent elsewhere, like preparing
lessons, researching or meeting with their students. With the advent of computer
technology, more and more schools are taking advantage of a variety of grading
systems available both off-line and online that can help save time on administrative
tasks and give teachers more time to attend to other important functions. However, a
greater majority, especially small schools, government schools, and schools in

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remote areas, still utilize the manual method of recording and computing for the
grades of the students.

The proponents of this study wish to reduce the workload of teachers by

eliminating the need for manual computation and recording of each grade. The
common problems encountered in manual recording and computations are error-
and file-handling, and redundancy. As the workload gradually increases with growing
amounts of grades and student lists that need to be attended, it becomes tedious on
the part of the teacher to proficiently manage them in time for documentation and file
submission to higher education authorities. As such, this paper aims to produce a
workable computerized grading system that will address these issues.

1.1 Background of the Study

Metropolitan Academy of Manila School is a small private school in

Santa Ana, Manila. It was established four years ago and is utilizing the manual
system in almost all phases of their school work.

The school maintains a small staff of teachers and personnel as

compared to its growing population. There are teachers handling as much as
four different subjects, aside from being a class adviser and area coordinator.
Majority of the teachers handle three different grade levels.

Metropolitan Academy of Manila- School uses the manual way of

computing grades and adding information or records of both students and
professors. The process entails a lot of effort and by computing and storing of
data manually the process is prone to error especially for the professors who
handle two or more classes. By using the manual way of computing and storing
data, being prone to error is possible and just by a single mistake, repeating the
process may be required.

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 Developing a computerized grading system for Metropolitan Academy of
Manila would make the task of recording and computing grades easier for the
teachers. This will not only benefit the teachers of the school but will also
benefit the students because of the improvement in the accuracy of calculations
and in the proficiency and productivity of the teachers.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.2.1 General Problem

How to create a Computerized Grading System for

Metropolitan Academy of Manila.

1.2.2 Specific Problem

 To create a module that will display the student’s record.
 To promote automation awareness by reducing (if not
eliminating) manual tasks.
 To avoid miscomputation of student’s grades.
 To create a module that will automatically compute the
student’s grade.

1.3 Statement of the Objectives

1.3.1 General Objectives

The general objective of this study is to develop a Computerized

Grading System for Metropolitan Academy of Manila.

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 1.3.2 Specific Objectives

 To create a module that will record the student’s name, grade level and
section.

 To create a module that will record the student’s grade for quizzes,
recitation, project, and quarterly exam.

 To create a module that will compute the student’s quarterly grade based
on inputted data.

 To create a module that will secure and maintain the integrity of data.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The computers provide convenience to its user through the easier and
faster way of recording information. Population of students in almost all-
educational institution is rapidly increasing so great demand in teaching force is
also becoming higher.

Grading System is a very important aspect of a school’s operations and

goals. The students are graded to measure their performance and knowledge in
every grading period. Teachers spend massive time to accurately compute the
grades of the students using their calculators, and, in earlier times, teachers
manually solve grades using paper and pen.

The basic objective of a grading system is to communicate to parents a

periodic evaluation summarizing significant factors of the student’s adjustment

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in the total education program. The cumulative purpose of the grading system is
to supply the parent a composite statement of educational process in a
specified period of time for the student in selected areas of learning.

A computerized grading system for Ministry Catholic School will provide

a marked improvement in the way teachers record and compute for the grades
of students. The study will be a great help to the following:

 Faculty Teachers
Teachers would be able to record and compute for the
grades of their students faster thereby lessening their
workload and providing them with added time to attend to
other functions. This in turn would improve their efficiency
as teachers.

 School Administrators
School Administrators no longer have to re-compute the
grades of each student to check on their accuracy. Reports
such as grading sheets and class records can be submitted
on time.

 Students
Students can now look forward to better lessons since their
teachers would have added time to prepare for them their
lesson plans.

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 1.5 Scope and Limitation
Scope:
 Can view the students records
 Can compute the students grades
 The system is password protected

Limitations:
 The system cannot print the student’s grades.
 The system is cannot be viewed online.
 The system has no password recovery.

2.0 Methodology of the Study

The Fourth Generation Technique (4GT) is based on NPL that is the

Non-Procedural Language techniques. Depending upon the specifications
made, the 4GT approaches uses various tools for the automatic generation of
source codes. It is the vital tool which uses the non-procedural language for
Report generation, Database query, Manipulation of data, Interaction of screen,
Definition, Generation of code, Spread Sheet capabilities, High level graphical
capacity etc.
Like any other models used, the 4GT approach requires the requirement
analysis step. Once the requirement analysis is done upto the expectations, its
translation into the operational prototype begins. The most important phase in
the 4GT approach is the customer developer approach, all the major decisions
regarding the implementations, costs and functioning of the system is taken in
this phase.

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 The Fourth Generation Technique (4GT) is usually successful in
implementing smaller applications as we can easily switch from the requirement
analysis phase to the implementation phase. Prototypes of any applications can
be easily developed with the help of the 4GT approach. This prototype helps
the clients to give a rough idea of how the system will look when it is done. The
4GT model is very useful approach in small projects but it is not a dominant
approach for large software development.
Requirement Gathering
Requirement gathering is usually the first part of any software product.
This stage starts when you are thinking about developing software. In this
phase, you meet customers or prospective customers, analyzing market
requirements and features that are in demand. You also find out
if there is a real need in the market for the software product you are trying
to develop.
In this stage, marketing and sales people or people who have direct
contact with the customers do most of the work. These people talk to these
customers and try to understand what they need. A comprehensive
understanding of the customers’ needs and writing down features of the
proposed software product are the keys to success in this phase. This phase is
actually a base for the whole development effort. If the base is not laid
correctly, the product will not find a place in the market. If you develop a very
good software product which is not required in the market, it does not matter
how well you build it. You can find many stories about software products that
failed in the market because the customers did not require them.

Design strategy
Is a discipline which helps firms determine what to make and do, why do
it and how to innovate contextually, both immediately and over the long term.
This process involves the interplay between design and business strategy,
forming a systematic approach integrating holistic-thinking, research methods

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used to inform business strategy and strategic planning which provides a
context for design. While not always required, design strategy often uses social
research methods to help ground the results and mitigate the risk of any course
of action. The approach has proved useful for companies in a variety of
strategic scenarios.

Implementation
Is the realization of an application, or execution of a plan, idea, model,
design, specification, standard, algorithm, or policy. An implementation is a
realization of a technical specification or algorithm as a program, software
component, or other computer system through programming and deployment.
Many implementations may exist for a given specification or standard. For
example, web browsers contain implementations of World Wide Web
Consortium-recommended specifications, and software development tools
contain implementations of programming languages.

Testing
Testing can never completely identify all the defects within software.
Instead, it furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and
behavior of the product against oracles—principles or mechanisms by which
someone might recognize a problem. These oracles may include (but are not
limited to) specifications, contracts, comparable products, past versions of the
same product, inferences about intended or expected purpose, user or
customer expectations, relevant standards, applicable laws, or other criteria.
A primary purpose of testing is to detect software failures so that defects
may be discovered and corrected. Testing cannot establish that a product
functions properly under all conditions but can only establish that it does not
function properly under specific conditions. The scope of software testing often
includes examination of code as well as execution of that code in various
environments and conditions as well as examining the aspects of code: does it
do what it is supposed to do and do what it needs to do. In the current culture of

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software development, a testing organization may be separate from the

development team. There are various roles for testing team members.
Information derived from software testing may be used to correct the process .

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