DESIGNING A BASIC DC POWER

SUPPLY CIRCUIT
BASIC ELECTRONICS MINI PROJECT

SUBMITTED BY:
OSSAMA ALI (17ME66)
SUNIL (17ME64)
MALIK SHAHZAIB (17ME65)
MUHAMMAD ASWAD (17ME102)
ZARRAR (17ME80)

Under Supervision of:

Engr. SHOAIB KHASKHELI
FEBRUARY 2019

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLGY,
JAMSHORO
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ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS:

We are pleased to acknowledge Mr. Engr. Shoaib Khaskheli for his invaluable guidance during the course of
this project work who continuously helped us throughout the project and without his guidance, this project
would have been an uphill task. We are also grateful to other faculty of Electronics Engineering Department
who co-operated with us regarding some issues. It is all because of the combined efforts that helped us
smoothly develop our project.

Group Leader: Ossama Ali (17ME66)

Sunil (17ME64)
Malik Shahzaib (17ME65)
Muhammad Aswad (17ME102)
Zarrar Jan Nasir (17ME80)
FEBRUARY 2019
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................1

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................2

INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND ........................................................................3

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT ...............................................................................4

SIMULATION ON MULTISIM.................................................................................5

APPLICATIONS & CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 6

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INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND:

Power is used in everyday life. Ever since the basic ideas of power were thought up by Nikola Tesla and
others, then implemented in today's power system, people have been craving power. People need power to
run their homes, cars, computers, etc. To be able to manipulate power is vital to today's society. Power is
defined as (Voltage)*(Current), the current within this equation comes in two flavors AC and DC. Every
circuit designed today needs power to be applied for the circuit to function. DC is the basis for most circuit
designs that goes into everyday products. The power that comes into the house travels, sometimes, hundreds
of miles to get there. Through this processes AC current is used. AC or alternating current has different
phases depending on the application. These phases are created by the physical offset of the original power
generator. In contrast to AC there is DC or direct current; DC doesn't alternate the current, it outputs a
steady current to be applied to circuits. DC is useful in circuit design because many of the components do
not function well if an AC is applied. AC is the current that is brought to a normal house wall socket.
Through the wall socket many different devices are plugged in and used every day but most of these devices
need DC to operate correctly. When a plug is inserted into a wall socket there is an AC to DC conversion
that takes place. This is commonly done by using a full-wave rectifier. The full wave rectifier in figure 1
allows an input of AC and creates a small ripple current, seen in figure 2, which is close enough to a DC
representation.

This is a result from the orientation of the diodes. As the voltage changes polarity different diodes are turned
off and on creating the ripple affect seen across the load which can be seen in figure 2. The concept of AC is
very important to build a power supply because the main source of power in a home is AC. The conversion
method shown in figure 1, is the method that will be applied to the cost effective power supply.
Once a ripple output is established from the Full wave rectifier a stable voltage needs to be created. A stable
voltage is needed for consistent operation from the connected circuit. The cheapest and most cost effective
way is to use a linear regulator. A regulator does exactly what the name says, it regulates the voltage. Using
the voltage input a regulator generates an internal voltage for the regulator to compare the output to be able
to hold the output constant. There are two types of regulators fixed and variable. A fixed regulator is set
internally to output a specific voltage, +5V, -12V etc. A variable regulator can be set to a wide range of
voltages. This is done by constructing a resistance divider at the output and varying one resister to obtain the
desired DC output. Therefore a variable regulator is very useful if the voltage need to be varied.
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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT:

A basic power supply circuit is a combination of Transformer, Rectifier, Filter and Regulator. For designing
this basic power supply circuit the necessary components used in the project are:
 Step Down Transformer
 Full Wave Rectifier
 Resistors (300 Ω and 75 Ω)
 Capacitor (2200 microfarads)
 Voltage Regulator (Zener Diode)
 Light Emitting Diode
The transformer involved in this project is step down transformer that transforms 220 Vac to 36 Vac. The
turn ratio for this transformer was taken to be 55:9 (N1:N2). Formula (13-4) that refers to the following
figure was used to calculate the turn ratio:

Bridge of four diodes is used that rectifies the incoming AC signal to DC signal with some ripples. The full
wave rectifier has a ripple factor of 0.48 which is the ratio of root mean square value of ac component to the
root mean square value of dc component. Ripples are minimized by using a Capacitor as a filter and Zener
Diode maintains a constant stable voltage at the output. The expression for output voltage at the LED is:

𝑉z = Vdc

After the theoretical approach, practical approach is applied and all of these components are solded on the
top of veroboard carefully. Wiring is done with great care so that there is no short circuit. Grounds are used
generally for safety purposes. Once the circuit is complete we can check the output voltage Vdc by using
multimeter and oscilloscope can be used to see the regulated DC supply voltage at the output.
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SIMULATION ON MULTISIM:

Following results are obtained when Multisim Software is used to draw and simulate the above discussed
circuit.
Output Voltage:

Since Vz rating of the zener diode used is 15 V. The output voltage will be regulated accordingly with
respect to the relation already discussed in the design and development section.

Output Current:

The output current can be calculated theoretically by Ohm’s Law.

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APPLICATIONS:
DC Power Supplies are a fundamental component of many electronic devices and therefore used in a diverse
range of applications. It is used in computers and in their repairing. Its applications are also present in
Electric vehicles a power supply unit is part of the necessary design to convert high voltage vehicle battery
power. Arc welding uses electricity to join metals by melting them. The electricity is provided by a welding
power supply, and can be either AC or DC. Both commercial and military avionic systems require either a
DC-DC or AC/DC power supply to convert energy into usable voltage. Besides these applications there are
many other applications are present in our daily life.

CONCLUSION:
The project generates a reliable source of voltage for the electronic devices and gadgets that work on the
regulated DC supply. The power supply that has been designed provides a good alternative to a more
expensive power supply. The power supply has few components, covers a small area, and is very simple in
design.
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