Hot Work Tool Steels

YSS Hot Work Tool Steels

Chemical compositions of YSS hot work tool steels

Grade Chemical composition (%)

JIS equivalent C Si Mn Ni Cr W Mo V Others

DAC SKD61 0.4 1.0 0.4 － 5.2 － 1.3 0.9

DAC-MAGIC SKD61 modified Original steel

DAC10 SKD61 modified 0.3 0.3 0.6 － 5.2 － 2.7 0.9

DAC55 SKD61 modified 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.6 5.2 － 2.2 0.8
Other special
elements added

DAC3 SKD61 modified 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.6 5.1 － 1.6 0.7

DAC40 SKD7 modified 0.4 0.5 0.5 － 4.3 0.7 2.1 0.9
Other special
YEM-K SKD7 modified 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.9 3.4 － 2.5 0.6 elements added

MDC-K SKD8 modified 0.4 0.3 0.5 － 4.4 2.0 1.6 1.7 Other special
elements added

FDAC SKD61 free cutting 0.3 1.0 0.7 － 5.2 － 1.3 0.4 S：0.1

DM SKT4 0.5 0.3 0.9 1.8 1.3 － 0.4 0.2

YXR33 Matrix HSS 0.5 0.2 0.5 － 4.2 1.6 2.0 1.2

※Impurities such as P and S are controlled below the levels specified in JIS by using Hitachi Metals' own high-qualtity raw materials.

　 ●Toughness of Isoropy DAC

Isotropy tool steels are so named becase the

difference in mechanical properties between its
L
lo ngitu din al (fo r ging o r rolling dire c tio n) and
Index of 2mm U-notch Charpy I-Value

transverse directions is reduced, thus overcoming a T

1
weak point of ordinarily processed steels. This L
technological concept, which is highly evaluated by
users of tool steels, is applied for the production of
all ou r steels and cont ributes sig nifi cantly to
stabilizing their characteristics and enhance their T
0.5
service life.

Hardness：47HRC
　
L：Longitudinal direction
　
T：Transverse direction
Isotropy DAC SKD61

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it does not guarantee the quality of the product. This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice. 2
 YSS Hot Work Tool Steels

Applications of YSS hot work tool steels

Recommended YSS steel
Application Standard
hardness for general use for mass production use
ｆor Aluminium alloys DAC DAC-MAGIC, DAC10
41- 51HRC
ｆor Magnesium alloys （38 - 42HRC）
FDAC DAC55
ｆor die casting

ｆor Zinc alloys 41- 49HRC （38 - 42HRC）

DAC, FDAC
ｆor Copper alloys 41- 49HRC MDC-K
40 - 50HRC DAC −
Core pin for die casting
52 - 58HRC − YXR33
Sleeve Nitriding ＞64HRC DAC
Goose neck for Magnesium 35 - 45HRC AHD32
for Aluminium 45 - 49HRC DAC DAC3, DAC40
Dies
for Copper 45 - 49HRC DAC, MDC-K （56 - 60HS）
HRD10
for Aluminium 44 - 50HS DM DAC, DAC3
Container tyre
for Copper 44 - 50HS DM DAC
for Aluminium 60 - 65HS DAC DAC3
Outer sleeve
for Copper 60 - 65HS DAC YEM-K
for Aluminium 60 - 69HS DAC, DAC3 YEM-K
Inner sleeve (Liner) for pure Copper 46 - 60HS （46 - 51HS）
HRD20 （56 - 60HS）
HRD10
ｆor extrusion tool

for Brass 46 - 51HS HRD20

for Aluminium 60 - 65HS DAC （69 - 75HS）
DAC3、YAG300
Stem
for Copper 60 - 69HS DAC DAC3
for Aluminium 60 - 65HS DAC DAC3
Die holder
for Copper 60 - 65HS DAC, DAC3 （56 - 60HS）
HRD10
Die backer for Aluminium or copper 60 - 65HS DM, DAC DAC3
for Aluminium 60 - 65HS DAC DAC3
Mandrel
for Copper 60 - 65HS DAC YEM-K
for Aluminium 60 - 65HS DAC DAC3
Dummy block
for Copper 60 - 65HS DAC, DAC3 （56 - 60HS）
HRD10
Mandrel holder for Aluminium or copper 60 - 65HS DM, DAC DAC3
Bolster for Aluminium or copper 55 - 60HS DM, DAC DAC3
for small size dies 55 - 65HS
DAC, DAC3 YEM-K, MDC-K
ｆor press forging for middle size dies 52 - 62HS
for large size dies 46 - 56HS DAC DAC3
ｆor forging die

for small size dies 55 - 59HS

ｆor hammer forging for middle size dies 53 - 57HS DM
for large size dies 50 - 55HS
Warm forging dies 50 - 59HRC MDC-K YXR3, YXR33
Header dies* 1
45 - 49HRC YEM-K MDC-K
Upset tool 46 - 50HRC DAC YEM-K
Shear blade* 2
37 - 45HRC DAC, DM ─
Glass molds 28 - 45HS HI-PM38 ZHD11, SUS310S
Glass shear ＞80HS YXM1 ─
*1 Use for bolt hot forming
*2 Use for thick billet shearing

<Attention> The characteristics, photos, charts, rankings and evaluations of this catalog are representative value by our test data,
it does not guarantee the quality of the product. This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice. 3
 YSS Hot Work Tool Steels

Types and features of YSS hot work tool steels

Grade
Features
JIS equivalent

Standard grade for general use with good balance of toughness, strength at
DAC SKD61
elevated temperature and with excellent hardenability.

High performance die steel for die casting with well balanced strength and
DAC-MAGIC SKD61 modified toughness and strength at elevated temperature. Excellent heat crack and stress
corrosion crack resistance.

Excellent heat crack and wear resistance at elevated temperature. Steel for
DAC10 SKD61 modified precision die casting and hot press die.

DAC55 SKD61 modified Die casting die steel with excellent heat crack resistance and toughness.

Hot work tool steel with higher toughness than DAC for Al extrusion dies with high
DAC3 SKD61 modified hardness or hot forging press dies with good crack resistance.

Al extrusion die steel with higher strength and better softening resistance at
DAC40 SKD7 modified
elevated temperature than DAC.

Hot work tool steel with higher toughness and strength at elevated temperature
YEM-K SKD7 modified
than SKD7 for forging die of mass production use such as hot former.

High strength hot work tool steel with higher toughness than SKD8 for high heat
MDC-K SKD8 modified
load applications such as Cu extrusion and Cu alloy die casting dies.

Free cutting hot work tool steel (supplied in prehardened condition) for dies of
FDAC SKD61free cutting
small production use or dies associated parts requiring good machinability.

Hot work tool steel with excellent toughness, used for hammer forging dies,
DM SKT4 Aluminium forge dies, forging bolsters and extrusion die backers, etc.

Matrix-type high speed steel with high toughness. Excellent strength and wear
YXR33 Matrix HSS resistance at elevated temperature and excellent erosion resistance. Steel for
warm and hot precision forging dies and insert pins for die casting.

<Attention> The characteristics, photos, charts, rankings and evaluations of this catalog are representative value by our test data,
it does not guarantee the quality of the product. This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice. 4
 YSS Hot Work Tool Steels

Characteristics of YSS hot work tool steels

Characteristics of hot work tool steels

YXR33 Warm forging ： Standard steel (JIS equivalent)

： Original steel

MDC-K Precision hot forging

SKD8
high

SKD5
SKD4
YEM-K
Hot former
SKD7
DAC40
Strength at high temperature

DAC10 DAC-MAGIC

DAC55 Aluminium extrusion

Hot press/forging dies
Die casting DAC3
DAC
FDAC (SKD61)
Prehardened steel

DM Hammer forging,
(SKT4) Extrusion auxiliary tool

Toughness high

Comparison of properties

Strength at elevated
Grade Softening resistance Toughness Wear resistance Hardenability
temperature

DAC C C A C A
DAC-MAGIC B B A＋ B A
DAC10 B B A B A
－ － －
DAC55 B B A ＋
B A
DAC3 C＋ C＋ A＋ C＋ A+
DAC40 B＋ B＋ B＋ B＋ B+
－ － － －
YEM-K A A B A A
MDC-K A A C A B
FDAC C C C C ─
DM D D A＋＋ D B
YXR33 A＋ A＋ C A＋ B
Ratings: AーBest CーOrdinary DーPoor
(Remarks) Please use above ratings only for general reference.

<Attention> The characteristics, photos, charts, rankings and evaluations of this catalog are representative value by our test data,
it does not guarantee the quality of the product. This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice. 5
 YSS Hot Work Tool Steels

Properties of YSS hot work steels

Work material flow direction
Hot forging die wear mechanism
Surface oxide film Loss by plastic flow
"microstructure" and influencing
White layer Crack opening Spalling off from
factors. re-hardened boundry layer

Re-hardend layer

（　　　 ）
Heat affected
Heated up above A1 layer
transformation point

Black layer

Lower hardness
layer
Progress of crack
into the inside Progress and confluence of cracks

Extent of impact on die damage

Properties Influencing factors
Sliding wear Softening to abration Minor crack → Catastrophic crack

Area ratio of carbides Slinding property of die surface (Friction property) ○

A1 point Anti-rehardenability ○ △

Strength at elevated temperature Deformation resistance ○ ○

Toughness Catastrophic crack resistance　 ○

DAC DAC3
48HRC Area ratio of carbides (%) 51HRC Area ratio of carbides (%)

4 4

High -temperature strength

High -temperature strength

3 3

2 2

1 1
A1 point 840 800 A1 point 840 800
（℃） 300 400 500 600
（℃） 300 400 500 600
20 20
40 Tensile strength 40 Tensile strength
60 at 700℃ (N/mm2) 60 at 700℃ (N/mm2)
80 80
100 100
(Index of charpy impact value) (Index of charpy impact value)

Toughness Toughness

YEM-K YXR33
50HRC Area ratio of carbides (%) 57HRC Area ratio of carbides (%)

4 4
High -temperature strength
High -temperature strength

3 3

2 2

1 1
A1 point 840 800 A1 point 840 800
（℃） （℃）
20 300 400 500 600 20 300 400 500 600
40 40
Tensile strength Tensile strength
60 at 700℃ (N/mm2) 60 at 700℃ (N/mm2)
80 80
100 100
(Index of charpy impact value) (Index of charpy impact value)

Toughness Toughness

<Attention> The characteristics, photos, charts, rankings and evaluations of this catalog are representative value by our test data,
it does not guarantee the quality of the product. This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice. 6
 YSS Hot Work Tool Steels

Properties of YSS hot work steels

Tensile strength at elevated temperature Tempering parameter

2,400

2,200 YXR33
600 MDC-K
2,000 YEM-K
DAC（50HRC） DAC
1,800
DM
Tensile strength（N/mm2）

1,600 YXR33 500

（58HRC）

Hardness（HV）
1,400
YXR33
1,200 （55HRC）
DAC（44HRC） 400
1,000
DAC（40HRC） YEM-K
（44HRC）
800

600
300
400
P=T (20+log t) /103
200 T : Temperature（K）　
t : Time（h）　
0 200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 17 18 19 20 21 22
Testing temperature（℃） Tempering parameter

Charpy impact value at room temperature Quenching speed vs charpy I-value

J/cm2
kgf・m/cm2
80
70 8

DAC-MAGIC
70 7
2mm U-notch Charpy impact value（J/cm2）

60 Oil quench Half temperature time

60
2mm U-notch Charpy impact value

6
15min
50
DAC3 30min
50 5
40 45min
60min
DAC 40 4

30
YEM-K 30 3

20
20 2
Quenching temperature： YXR33
10 1,020℃（YXR33；1,080℃）
Oil quench 10 1 Material：DAC
Quenching temperature：1,020℃

0 0 0
40 45 50 55 60 40 44 48 52

Hardness（HRC） Hardness（HRC）

Half temperature time :Time required for cooling from quenching temperature
to (Quenching temperature + Room temperature)/2

Fatigue strength (Rotating bending fatigue test by

Transition property of charpy impact value Ono method)
N/mm2
J/cm2 kgf-m/cm2 800 kgf/mm2
80
80 Quenching temperature：1,020℃×30min
8
750
70 7 75
Oil quench

Room temperature
2mm V-notch Charpy impact value

Hardness：44HRC 700
60 6 70 400℃
HTT(Half temperature time) 30min
50 5 650
65
Stress

40 4
600
60 500℃
30 3 HTT 60min
550
55
20 2
500 Heat treatment
10 50 Quenching : 1,030℃ Air cool
1
Tempering : 580℃×1H×2
Material：DAC Hardness : 50HRC Material：DAC
0 0 450
45
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
105 106 107 108
Testing temperature（℃） Number of rotations till fracture (times)

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it does not guarantee the quality of the product. This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice. 7
 YSS Hot Work Tool Steels

Standard heat treatment conditions for

YSS hot work tool steels

Quenching and
Heat treatment condition（℃）
Annealed Hardness tempering hardness
Grade Annealing condition（℃）
HBW
Quenching Tempering HRC

1,000 - 1,050 550 - 650

DAC 229 MAX 50 MIN 820 - 870 Slow cooling
Air cool (Oil quench) Air cool

1,010 - 1,030 550 - 640

DAC-MAGIC 229 MAX 50 MIN 820 - 870 Slow cooling
Air cool (Oil quench) Air cool

1,010 - 1,030 550 - 650

DAC10 229 MAX 50 MIN 820 - 870 Slow cooling
Oil quench (Air cool) Air cool

1,010 - 1,030 550 - 650

DAC55 241 MAX 50 MIN 820 - 870 Slow cooling
Oil quench (Air cool) Air cool

1,000 - 1,050 550 - 650

DAC3 229 MAX 50 MIN 820 - 870 Slow cooling
Air cool (Oil quench) Air cool

1,000 - 1,050 550 - 650

DAC40 229 MAX 50 MIN 820 - 870 Slow cooling
Oil quench Air cool

1,000 - 1,050 550 - 650

YEM-K 229 MAX 46 MIN 820 - 870 Slow cooling
Oil quench (Air cool) Air cool

1,050 - 1,140 600 - 700

MDC-K 241 MAX 48 MIN 820 - 870 Slow cooling
Oil quench Air cool

FDAC Prehardened steel (Delivery in hardened condition) 38 - 42 －

830 - 880 400 - 650

DM 248 MAX 42 MIN 740 - 800 Slow cooling
Oil quench Air cool

1,080 - 1,140 550 - 600

YXR33 241 MAX
Oil quench Air cool
54 MIN 800 - 880 Slow cooling

Quenching and tempering time of YSS die steels

1. Holding time at quenching
(1) Preheating time
First stage: 500-550℃×quenching holding time×2
Second stage: 750-800℃×same length of quenching holding time

(2) Holding time at quenching

Furnace Thickness (mm) ≦15 25 50 75 100 125 150 200 300

Vacuum furnace, Salt bath Holding time (min) 15 25 40 50 60 65 70 80 100

Notice : If you take preheating time, dipping time can be regarded as holding time.

2. Holding time at tempering

Thickness (mm) ≦25 26 - 35 36 - 64 65 - 84 85 - 124 125 - 174 175 - 249 250 - 349 350 - 499

Holding time (h) 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Notice : Tempering is needed more than 2 times.

<Attention> The characteristics, photos, charts, rankings and evaluations of this catalog are representative value by our test data,
it does not guarantee the quality of the product. This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice. 8
 YSS Hot Work Tool Steels

Quenched and tempered hardness curve

DAC DAC-MAGIC DAC10 DAC55
60 60 60 60

50 50 50 50
Hardness（HRC）

Hardness（HRC）

Hardness（HRC）

Hardness（HRC）
Quenching temp.：1,020℃ Quenching temp.：1,030℃ Quenching temp.：1,020℃ Quenching temp.：1,020℃
40 40 40 40

30 30 30 30

20 20 20 20
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Tempering temperature（℃） Tempering temperature（℃） Tempering temperature（℃） Tempering temperature（℃）

DAC3 DAC40 YEM-K MDC-K

60 60 60 60

50 50 50 50
Hardness（HRC）

Hardness（HRC）

Hardness（HRC）

Hardness（HRC）
Quenching temp.：1,020℃ Quenching temp.：1,020℃ Quenching temp.：1,020℃ Quenching temp.：1,070℃
40 40 40 40

30 30 30 30

20 20 20 20
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Tempering temperature（℃） Tempering temperature（℃） Tempering temperature（℃） Tempering temperature（℃）

DM YXR33 Continuous cooling transformation curves of DAC

60 60

1,100
Quenching temp.：1,030℃
58
1,000

1,140℃ 900
50 56
Ps
800
Temperature（℃）

1,120℃
Hardness（HRC）

Hardness（HRC）

54 700
Quenching temp.：850℃
□300mm 1,080℃
600
40 52
500
Quenching temp.：
1,080℃, 1,120℃, 1,140℃ 400 Bs
50
Ms
300

30 48 200

100
46
0 －60 －20 －10 －5 －3℃/min
1 10 100 1,000
20 44
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 500 550 600 650
Time（min）
Tempering temperature（℃） Tempering temperature（℃）

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it does not guarantee the quality of the product. This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice. 9
 YSS Hot Work Tool Steels

Guide for selecting YSS die materials (Example)

Hot forging dies

Temperature rising; DAC MDC-K YXR33

600 degrees or less
（48 - 52） （50 - 53） （56 - 58）
Countermeasures
against wear
Significant
temperature rising; YEM-K MDC-K YXR33
around about
（45 - 52） （45 - 53） （56 - 58）
DAC 700 degrees

（45 - 50）

General use Countermeasures against crack

DAC (Lower hardness and rapid quenching)
Countermeasures
against heat cracks
（48 - 52）

Extrusion dies

Anti softening after repeated nitriding DAC40

（45 - 49）

DAC
（45 - 49）

General use DAC3

Deflection, Large die
（45 - 52）

Remark 1 : HRC hardness

Remark 2 : By surface treatment such as nitriding, the wear resistance is improvable.

Comparison of various nitrided layers

TYPE A TYPE B TYPE C TYPE D Nitriding property
Nitriding depth and form ε phase Grain boundaries in Sulfide, oxide layer No compound layer 1,200
（In the case of nitrided （Compound layer） the nitride layer YEM-K
DAC
DAC3
SKD61） YXR33
1,000
YEM-K

YXR33
800
　
Hardness（HV）

0.1mm 0.2mm 0.2mm 0.05～0.1mm 600

DAC
＞1000HV ＞1000HV ＞1000HV 600～800HV

Heat crack resistance 2 3 3 1 400

DAC3
Flaking resistance 2 3 3 1 200

　Nitriding in salt bath 570℃×90min

Wear resisitance 2 2 1 3 0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

Erosion resistance 2 2 1 3 Distance from surface（mm）

Excellent“1”
→ Good“2”
→ Ordinary“3”

<Attention> The characteristics, photos, charts, rankings and evaluations of this catalog are representative value by our test data,
it does not guarantee the quality of the product. This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice. 10
 YSS Hot Work Tool Steels

Sulfuration nitriding for hot work die

： Hitachi Improved Nitriding Treatment S-type

The Hint-S is a surface treatment technique

Sulfide layer (Mainly FeS)
developed by Hitachi Metals which improves For improved galling and erosion resistance
significantly wear and erosion resistance of a
die by forming both sulfides and nitrides on
its surface. Nitride layer (Mainly Fe2－3N)
For improved erosion resistance

Nitrogen diffused layer

For improved strength of base metal

Simulation test of hot galling resistance Simulation test of erosion resistance

(On forging die) (On casting die)
Load
250 1.5
Specimen No treatment Gas nitriding
with (Nitriding depth 0.30mm)
Surface pressure（MPa）

200 surface Test pieces：

treatment φ10×90L
Base metal：
1.0
Erosion ratio (%)

Friction DAC55
150 Hardness： Gas soft nitriding
45HRC (Nitriding depth 0.15mm) Molten metal:
AC4C
100 Salt bath sulfuration nitriding Bobbing motion： Temperature:
90 cycle/min. 750℃
0.5
Stroke: 30mm
Work material
50 Gas soft nitriding SNCM439
（Temperature 600℃） Hint-S
No treatment (Nitriding depth 0.30mm)
0 Evaluation method Evaluation method
0 10 20 30 40 0 200 400 600
Time till test piece galled (S) Testing time (min.)

Data sheet
1. Coefficient of thermal expansion Average value from 20℃ to each temperature.（×10-6/℃）
Grade HRC 200℃ 400℃ 600℃
DAC 45 11.3 12.2 12.8
DAC-MAGIC 45 11.3 12.3 13.1
DAC10 45 11.2 12.0 12.7
DAC55 45 11.3 12.1 12.8
DAC3 45 11.4 12.3 12.9
DM 42 12.2 13.1 13.4
YXR33 57 11.3 12.2 12.9

2. Thermal conductivity （W/

（m・K）
）
Grade HRC 20℃ 200℃ 400℃ 600℃
DAC 45 24.6 29.1 31.0 32.6
DAC-MAGIC 45 25.7 30.9 34.8 35.8
DAC10 45 26.1 31.1 33.0 34.5
DAC55 45 26.2 29.8 32.7 34.1
DAC3 45 25.2 30.2 31.8 33.7
DM 42 36.0 39.3 37.7 36.0
YXR33 57 25.0 32.4 34.8 35.5

3. Modulus of elasticity （GPa）

Grade HRC 20℃ 200℃ 400℃ 600℃
DAC 45 210 200 190 170
DAC-MAGIC 45 210 200 190 ─
DAC10 45 210 200 190 170
DAC55 45 210 200 190 ─
DAC3 45 210 200 190 150
DM 42 210 200 190 140
YXR33 57 210 200 190 170

<Attention> The characteristics, photos, charts, rankings and evaluations of this catalog are representative value by our test data,
it does not guarantee the quality of the product. This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice. 11
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・The characteristics listed on this catalog are representative values

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・This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
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・Please contact a representative of our Specialty Steel Division if
there are any questions or problems.

Our address and contact indicated in this catalog are those as of January 2015.
If you cannot put a call through, please contact our Corporate Communications
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January 2015 (PDF)