Spark Maths Workbook: Class

CLASS
SPARK MATHS
WORKBOOK 7
LEARN PLAY PRACTICE
2 2
Copyright © 2017-18 Winspark Innovations Learning Pvt. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
MATHS
INTEGERS
CLASS
7
Recommended time: 7 to 9 hours
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CONTENTS
1. REVISION OF INTEGERS 7
2. MULTIPLICATION OF INTEGERS 18
3. DIVISION OF INTEGERS 39
4. PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLICATION AND

65
DIVISION OF INTEGERS
1 REVISION OF INTEGERS
SCAN HERE TO ENTER APP ZONE
7
PRACTIC
E
Master what you have learnt
easy
1. Write the corresponding opposite numbers of the integers

mentioned below.
a) The opposite of -4 is ______________.

b) The opposite of 8 is _______________.
c) Mark the opposite of the numbers on the number line below.
-7 0 3
d) Mark the number 3 and its opposite on the number line below.
2. Each of the boxes below has two quantities. Classify them as

positive (+) or negative (-) by using a + or – sign.
a) 20℃ above 0 ℃ b) 1800 meters above sea

level
1800 meters below sea

20 ℃ below 0 ℃ level
Move 10 km north of
c) Loss Rs. 50,000 d)
starting point
Move 10 km south of
Profit Rs. 50,000
starting point
Decrease in stock price
e) f) 80 cm to the left
by 10%
Increase in stock price

by 10% 80 cm to the right
8 8
3. Compare the two quantities by using >, < or = signs.
a) -2 ℃ 3℃ b) -2 ℃ -1 ℃
c) 0% -10% d) 10% -10%
e) 1 -100 f) -8 -8
4. Arrange the following quantities as per instructions provided.
a) 20 ℃, 43 ℃, -16 ℃, 0 ℃, -21 ℃
Ascending order
b) -15, -23, 18, -11, 27, -999

Descending order
9 9
normal
5. Adding a negative number is same as subtracting a positive number.

Find out the equivalents.
a) 7 + (-4) is same as ____________
b) 6 + (-3) is same as ____________
6. Add the following negative numbers to the number 5 using a number line.
a) 5 + (-3) = 2
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b) 5 + (-4) =
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
c) 5 + (-6) =
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
7. Add the given numbers to the number -5 on the number line below.
a) -5 + 2 = -3
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b) -5 + 4 =
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10
8. Add the following integers.
a) 4 + (-7) c) (-11) + (-3)
8 8
b) 3 + (-8) d) (-5) + 8
8 8
11 11
super
9. Fill in the blanks
a) (-5) + (_______) = -8
b) (-11) + (_______) = -3
c) (_______) + (-10) = 1
d) (_______) + (5) = -6
10. Solve the following -
a) -35 - 87 b) -254 - 196
8 8
c) 75 - 150 d) -18 - 18
8 8
e) (-53) + (-183) f) 1 - 100
8 8
12 12
11. The distance to the north from a given point is considered positive and to the
south is considered negative. A man begins his journey from a particular
point and walks 30 meters towards the north. He, then, turns around and
walks 60 meters to the south. He again turns around and walks 20 meters to
the north and 120 meters to the south again.
a. Find the total distance traveled by the man.
b. Find the distance from the starting point.
12. If a freezer is open for 15 minutes, its inner temperature rises to -15° C. Fifteen
minutes after closing the door, the temperature reduces by 12° C.
a. What is the inner temperature of the freezer 15 minutes after closing

the door?
b. In the next 30 minutes, its inner temperature reduces by 10° C. What is

the inner temperature 45 minutes after closing the door?
c. Two hours after closing the door, the inner temperature reduces by
3° C and then it becomes stable. What is the stable temperature of
the freezer?
13 13
olympiad
13. Temperature rises approximately 10° C with the rise in altitude of 1020 m.
a. If the temperature of a given place is 25° C, then find the

temperature of the midpoint of a mountain which is 1020 m in height.
b. Find the temperature at the top of the mountain.
14. At the start of third day's play of a test cricket match, Team A was lagging
behind by 122 runs. At lunchtime of the third day, they were lagging behind by
25 runs.
a. How many runs were scored by Team A during the time of play?
b. At the close of the third day, Team A was 120 runs ahead of Team B.
How many runs did Team A score during the day?
14 14
15. The climate of Mount Everest is naturally extreme. In January, the coldest
month, the average summit temperature is -36° C and can drop up to -60°
C. In July, the warmest month, the average summit temperature is -19° C.
a. Find the difference between the lowest and the average

temperature.
b. Find the difference between the highest and the lowest

temperature.
16. Arun is 150 meters east from Geetha, and Warun is 150 meters west from
Geetha.
a. If the distance to the east is considered positive, find the distance

between Warun and Arun.
b. If the Prakash is 100 meters west from Arun, find the distance
between Warun and Prakash.
15 15
17. A company has a debt of 2 million rupees in 2016 and 4 million rupees in 2017.
a. Find the debt of the company in both years.
8
b. However, the company gets 3 million rupees credit in 2018. Find the debt
of the company during that year.
16 16
SHARE
SHARE YOUR ACHIEVEMENTS!
I was supposed to learn:
What I actually learnt:
I am still confused about:
I rate myself:
17
2 MULTIPLICATION OF
INTEGERS
18
SPARK
Every great legend begins with a spark
Have you ever

wondered ?
If you make a loss of

₹ 100 and you triple
the loss, how will you
represent this?
Loss of ₹ 100
Money = ₹ 100 Money = ₹ - 100

Money after Triple Loss = ₹ 300 Money after Triple Loss = ₹ - 300
What happens when you multiply two negative numbers?
(-2) x (-3) = (-6) OR 6 ?
19 19
EXPLAIN
Observation is one of the greatest powers in the
universe
Hi kids, today we will learn about the multiplication

of integers. It is a simple set of rules that you have
to follow.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to do

multiplication without any confusion.
1. Multiplication of two positive integers
2X3
The answer is 6.
Multiplication two positive integers always gives positive integer.
EXAMPLE
4 X 3 = 12
5 X 2 X 3 = (5 X 2) X 3 = 10 X 3 = 30
2. Multiplication of positive integer with negative integer
2 X (-3)
20 20
The answer is -6.
EXAMPLE
3 X (-3) = -9
4 X 2 X (-2) = (4 X 2) X (-2) = 8 X (-2) = 16
3. Multiplication of negative integer with positive integer
(-2) X 3
The answer is -6.
EXAMPLE
(-3) X 3 = (-9)
(-4) X 2 = (-8)
(-3) X 2 X 3 = {(-3) X 2} X 3 = (-6) X 3 = -18
4. Multiplication of negative integer with negative integer

(-2) X (-3)
The answer is 6.
EXAMPLE
(-3) X (-1) = 3
(-2) X 2 X (-3) = {(-2) X 2} X (-3) = (-4) X (-3) = 12
21 21
So we can simply say,
1st number 2nd number Product
Positive Positive Negative
Positive Negative Negative
Negative Positive Negative
Negative Negative Positive
• Multiplication is repeated addition.

• Multiplication of positive integer with positive integer and
SUMMARY
negative integer with negative integer results in a positive
answer.
• Multiplication of either one integer is positive and the other
integer is negative always results in a negative answer.
• Multiplication any integer with zero results in a zero (0) as
the answer.
22 22
PRACTIC
E
easy
1. Let us try multiplication for negative numbers.
a) (-3) + (-3)
2 x (-3) = ________________
( 2 Times)
= -6
b) 3 x (-3) = ________________
( Times)
=
c) 4 x (-5) = ________________
( Times)
=
d) 7 x (-6) = ________________
( Times)
=
2. Let us try this on a number line. Recall that 2 x 3 was same as 2 jumps of 3
units.
a) 2
2 x (-3) = _______ -3
jumps of _______ units each.
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b) 3 x (-3) = _______ jumps of _______ units each.
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
23 23
c) 2 x (-5) = _______ jumps of _______ units each.
-13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
d) 4 x (-3) = _______ jumps of _______ units each.
-13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
3. Let us interpret multiplication of a positive number and a

negative number in words.
a) 2 x (-3) = __________ times _________
= __________ groups of __________ each
b) 4 x (-5) = __________ times _________
= __________ groups of __________ each
c) 8 x (-6) = __________ times _________
= __________ groups of __________ each
d) 7 x (-9) = __________ times _________
= __________ groups of __________ each
e) 3 x (-12)= __________ times _________
= __________ groups of __________ each
24 24
normal
4. Togo wants to summarize multiplication of a positive number by a

negative number. Help him complete the summary.
MULTIPLICATION OF A +VE INTEGER BY A -VE INTEGER
a) a x (-b) = ___________ ___________

(Sign) (Value)
b) Product of a positive integer and a negative integer is
_____________ (positive / negative).
c) a x (-b) is the same as adding __________ repeatedly for
__________ times.
d) a x (-b) = ____________ times ____________
e) a x (-b) means __________ groups of ___________ unit coins
of ___________ sign.
f) a x (-b) is the same as __________ jumps of __________
units on the number line.
5. Multiply the following integers -
a) 12 x (-3) = b) 23 x (-12) =
c) 31 x (-23) = d) 16 x (-53) =
25 25
e) 19 x (-17) = f) 27 x (-43) =
6. Let us now look at multiplication of a negative number by a positive

number on a number line.
2 x (-3) = 2 jumps of -3 units

∴ (-2) x 3 = 2 reverse jumps of 3 units.
Can you apply the same?
a) (-2) x 3 = _______ jumps of _______ units each.
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b) (-3) x 3 = _______ jumps of _______ units each.
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
c) (-2) x 5 = _______ jumps of _______ units each.
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
d) (-4) x 3 = _______ jumps of _______ units each.
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
26 26
7. Multiply the following integers using what you have just learnt!
a) (-12) x 3 = b) (-3) x 12 =
c) (-3) x 13 = d) (-8) x 9 =
e) (-31) x 5 = f) (-6) x 11 =
27 27
8. Did you observe any similarity between a x (-b) and (-a) x b? Are
they same or different? Let us find out!
a) a x (-b) means _____ jumps of _____ units each.

(-a) x b means _____reverse jumps of _____ units each.
Is a jump of negative length the same as a reverse jump of positive

length?
Will a x (-b) be same as (-a) x b ?
c) Verify if (-9) x 7 will be the same as 9 x (-7).
(-9) x 7 9 x (-7)
= =
= =
28 28
9. What about two negatives? Let us first try to look at the number
line for answers.
a) a x (-b) = ‘a’ jumps of ‘-b’ units each.

(-a) x b = ‘a’ reverse jumps of ‘b’ units each.
∴ If the second number (multiplicand) is negative, it means jumps of

________ (positive / negative) lengths.
If the first number (multiplier) is negative, it means ___________

(normal / reverse) jumps.
∴ If both the numbers (multiplier and multiplicand) are negative, it

would mean ___________ (normal / reverse) jumps of __________
(positive / negative) lengths.
b) On the number line given below, mark a reverse jump of length -2

units.
i. First, make a jump of length -2 units.
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ii. But this is a reverse jump! So, reverse the direction of the jump
to get the final answer.
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
29 29
c) On the number line given below, mark 3 reverse jumps of
length -2 units.
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
d) ‘a’ reverse jumps of length ‘-b’ units is same as ______

forward jumps of length _________ units each.
e) (-3) x (-2) = _______ reverse jumps of length ______ units

= __________ forward jumps of length _______units
Mark on the number line:
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
∴ (-3) x (-2) = _______
f) (-2) x (-4) = _______ reverse jumps of length ______ units

-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
∴ (-2) x (-4) = _______
30 30
g) (-5) x (-2) = _______ reverse jumps of length ______ units
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
∴ (-5) x (-2) = _______
h) (-3) x (-3) = _______ reverse jumps of length ______ units

-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
∴ (-3) x (-3) = _______
i) Multiplication of two negative numbers on a number line is the

same as the multiplication of :
a) +ve number and a –ve number
b) -ve number and a +ve number
c) +ve number and a +ve number
31 31
super
10. Togo wants to summarize multiplication of a negative number by a

negative number. Help him complete the summary.
MULTIPLICATION OF A -VE INTEGER BY A -VE INTEGER
a) (-a) x (-b) = ______ ___________

(Sign) (Value)
b) Product of a negative integer and a negative integer is
_____________ (positive / negative).
c) (-a) x (-b) is the same as taking ‘a’ ___________ (forward / reverse)
jumps of _________ (b / (-b) ) units on the number line.
d) (-a) x (-b) means ‘a’ __________ (positive / negative) groups of ‘b’
unit coins of ___________ (positive / negative) sign.
e) Multiplication of two negative numbers is the same as multiplication
of the two numbers with a positive sign. _______ (True/ False)
11. Multiply the following integers -
a) (-2) x (-3) = b) (-3) x (-7) =
c) (-7) x (-4) = d) (-6) x (-8) =
32 32
12. Complete the following sign table of multiplication of integers!
First Number Second Number Product
+ve +ve
+ve -ve
-ve +ve
-ve -ve
13. Multiply the following integers using the method mentioned.
a) 2 X (-5) X 8 =
b) (-3) X (-5) X (-4) =
c) 2 X 0 X (-8) X 21 =
d) (-2) X (-2) X (-2) X (-2) =
e) (-25) X 15 X (-12) =
f) (-8) X (-1) X (-1) X (-1) X (-1) =
33 33
14. Product of 2 integers is -35. What could be the various combinations of
integers possible?
15. Product of 2 integers is 77. What could be the various combinations of

integers possible?
34 34
olympiad
16. Arun manufactures spoons for sale. The production cost of 1 spoon is 20
rupees and the selling price is 35 rupees. He has produced 50 spoons and
is ready to sell them in the market.
a. If he sold 20 spoons on the first day, find the profit at the close of the
first day.
b. On the second day, he sold 16 spoons. Find the profit on the second day.
35 35
17. In a dancing competition which examines 10 steps, (+5) marks are awarded
for every correct step, (-3) marks are awarded for every incorrect step and 0
marks are awarded for not attempting a step.
a. Geetha took 7 correct steps and 3 incorrect steps. What is her total score?
b. Arun took 7 correct steps and 2 incorrect steps out of 9 steps he

attempted. What is his total score?
c. Prakash took 2 correct steps and 5 incorrect steps out of 7 steps he

attempted. What is his final score?
18. Temperature rises by 10° C for every 1 Km rise in altitude. The altitude is
measured as the distance from the ground or any other chosen base.
a. If the temperature of ground surface is 25° C, find the temperature of

the space station which is 10 km high in altitude.
36 36
b. Find the surface temperature of the shuttle which is 25 km high in
altitude taking the space station as base.
19. A company had a debt of 8 million rupees in the year 2004. It increased by 2
million rupees every year for the next 7 years.
a. Find the debt of the company at the end of Year 2011.
b. The company obtains credit worth 4 million rupees per year for the next 5
years. Find the debt of the company at the end of Year 2016.
37 37
SHARE
I rate myself:
38
3 DIVISION OF INTEGERS
39
SPARK
Every great legend begins with a spark
Have you ever

wondered ?
If Mount Everest is the
highest point on Earth,
what is the lowest or
the deepest point?
Mariana Trench
at a level of -11,035 m.
Can you find out a point that is half the depth or

one-third the depth?
Can you find -11035 ÷ 2, just like normal

division?
If you have 10 companies that are

Can you divide a loss-making and you divide 5 loss-
number by a negative making companies each to
quantity? businessmen, will that mean dividing
a negative by a negative?
40 40
EXPLAIN
universe
Hi kids, today we will learn about the division of

integers.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to
understand the properties of division and it‘s
applications.
1. What is Division?
In the earlier module, we learnt about multiplication of integers and it’s properties. Now
we are going to learn it’s inverse operation which is known as division.
DEFINITION
Division is the inverse operation of multiplication.
2. Division of Integers
We know product of two positive integers results in positive integer. Therefore positive
integer divided by another positive integer results in positive integer.
Positive Positive Positive

Integer 1 Integer 2 Integer 3
Therefore positive integer divide by another positive integer resulted in

positive rational number.
Positive Positive Positive Integer

Integer 3 Integer 1 Quotient
41 41
We know 5 X 2 = 10
Therefore 10 ÷ 5 = 2
Likewise
 16 ÷ 2 = 8
 10 ÷ 4 = 2 R2
Division of negative integer by positive integer

We know product of a positive integer with a negative integer results in negative integer.
Therefore negative integer divided by positive integer results in negative integer as quotient.

Therefore negative integer divide by positive integer resulted in negative integer as quotient.
Negative Positive Negative Integer

We know 4 X (-4) = -16

Therefore -16 ÷ 4 = -4
Likewise
 -20 ÷ 4 = -5
 -30 ÷ 8 = -3.75
Division of negative integer by negative integer
We know product of a negative integer with a negative integer results in positive integer.
Therefore negative integer divided by negative integer results in positive integer.
Negative Positive Negative

Therefore negative integer divide by negative integer resulted in positive rational

number.
Negative Negative Positive Integer

We know (-5) X 4 = -20

Therefore -20 ÷ (-5) = 4
Likewise
-60 ÷ (-10) = 5
-50 ÷ (-4) = 12.5
42 42
Division positive integer by negative integer
We know product of a positive integer with a negative integer results in negative integer.
Therefore positive integer divided by negative integer results in negative integer as
quotient.

Therefore positive integer divided by negative integer results in a negative integer as

quotient.
Positive Negative Negative integer
Integer 1 Integer 1 quotient
We know -3 X (-4) = 12
Therefore 12 ÷ (-3) = -4
Likewise
100 ÷ (-10) = -10
70 ÷ (-20) = -3.5
3. Properties of division of integers

10 ÷ 10 = 1
(-10) ÷ (-10) = 1
In above examples, integer divided by same integer always results in 1.
Let’s say a is an integer and a ≠ 0,
Then a ÷ a = 1
Division of any number by zero (0) is not meaningful. Therefore, we

REMEMBER cannot divide by 0.
• Division is the inverse operation of multiplication.
• Dividing an integer by another integer does not always gives an

SUMMARY integer.
• Dividing positive integer by positive integer or negative integer by

negative integer results in positive integer.
• Dividing positive integer by negative integer or negative integer by

positive integer results in negative integer.
• Dividing integer by same integer always results in 1.
• Dividing integer by 1 always results in same integer.
43 43
PRACTIC
E
easy
1. Togo wants to use the concept of division as inverse of multiplication to

find the result of division of negative number by a positive number. Help
him!
a) -96 ÷ 12
Represent as multiplication:
-96 = -6 x 12
-96 ÷ 12 = -6
i) What is the sign of (-ve) ÷ (+ve)?
Positive Negative
ii) Is the sign the same as sign of (-ve) x (+ve)?
Yes No
44 44
b) -198 ÷ 11
-198 = x 11
-198 ÷ 11 =
Positive Negative
ii) Is the sign the same as the sign of (-ve) x (+ve)?
Yes No
c) -56 ÷ 14
-56 = x 14
-56 ÷ 14 =
Positive Negative
Yes No
45 45
d) -84 ÷ 12
-84 = x 12
-84 ÷ 12 =
i) What is the sign when (-ve) ÷ (+ve)?
Positive Negative
Yes No
e) -96 ÷ 16
-96 = x 16
-96 ÷ 16 =
Positive Negative
Yes No
46 46
2. It is time for using the concept of fractions to divide a negative
number by a positive number. Let us do it!
a) (-25) ÷ 5
i) Express as a fraction.
-25
(- 25 ) ÷ 5 = _____
ii) Express as a product of two fractions.
-25 -25 1
_____ = _____ x _____
5 1 5
= (-) 25 x 1
_____
= -5
b) (-144) ÷ 12
_____
(-144)÷ 12 =
47 47
1
_____ = _____ x _____
= _______ x 1
_____
c) (-48) ÷ 8
_____
(-48)÷ 8 =
1
_____ = _____ x _____
48 48
d) (-225) ÷ 15
e) (-1232) ÷ 11
49 49
3. Togo wants to summarize different ways of looking at division of a
negative number by a positive number. Help him do so!
a) To find (-a) ÷ b = (-c), we use the concept of inverse by representing

(-a) as a product of ________ and _____________.
- a = _____ x ______
b) Division of a negative number by a positive number can be represented

as a product of two fractions.
1
(-a) ÷ b = _______ _______ _______
=
1
c) When a negative integer is divided by a positive integer, the

result is -
Positive Negative
d) The sign of the result of division of a negative number by a positive

number is the same as sign of the product of a negative number by a
positive number.
True False
50 50
normal
4. Solve the following!
a) -420 ÷ 20 =
b) -66 ÷ 0 =
c) - 88 ÷ 11 =
d) - 63 ÷ 7 =
5. Togo now wants to use the concept of division as inverse of multiplication

to find the result of division of positive number by a negative number. Help
him!
a) 96 ÷ (-12)
96 = x ( - 12)
96 ÷ (- 12) =
i) What is the sign of (+ve) ÷ (-ve)?
Positive Negative
ii) Is the sign the same as sign for (+ve) x (-ve)?
Yes No
51 51
b) 198 ÷ ( - 11 )
198 = x ( - 11 )
198 ÷ ( -11) =
Positive Negative
Yes No
c) 76 ÷ (-4)
76 = x ( - 4)
76 ÷ ( - 4) =
Positive Negative
Yes No
52 52
6. It is time for using the concept of fractions to divide a positive number by a
negative number. Let us do it!
a) Find 25 ÷ ( - 5 ) by expressing it as a product of two fractions
b) Find 48 ÷ ( - 16) by expressing it as a product of two fractions
c) Find 48 ÷ ( - 3) by expressing it as a product of two fractions
d) Find 40 ÷ ( - 8) by expressing it as a product of two fractions
53 53
7. Togo wants to summarize different ways of looking at division of a
positive number by a negative number. Help him in doing so!
a) To find a ÷ (-b) = (-c), we use the concept of inverse by representing

a as a product of ________ and _____________.
a = _____ x ______
b) Division of a positive number by a negative number can be represented

1
a ÷ ( - b )= _______ _______ x _______
=
1
c) When a positive integer is divided by a negative integer, the

result is -
Positive Negative
d) The sign of the result of division of a positive number by a

negative number is the same as sign of the product of a positive
number by a negative number.
True False
8. Solve the following:
a) 840 ÷ ( - 20 ) =
b) 72 ÷ (- 6 ) =
c) 44 ÷ ( - 4) =
d) 70 ÷ ( - 10 ) =
54 54
9. Try dividing two negative numbers using inverse multiplication.
a) ( - 128 ) ÷ ( - 16 )
( - 128) = x ( - 16)
( - 128 ) ÷ ( - 16 ) =
i) What is the sign of (-ve) ÷ (-ve)?
Positive Negative
ii) Is the sign the same as sign for (-ve) x (-ve)?
Yes No
b) ( - 48 ) ÷ ( - 8 )
( - 48) = x ( - 8)
- 48 ÷ (-8) =
Positive Negative
Yes No
55 55
c) ( - 81 ) ÷ ( - 9 )
( - 81) = x ( - 9)
(- 81) ÷ ( - 9) =
Positive Negative
Yes No
10. Use the concept of fractions to divide a negative number by a negative

number.
a) Find (- 4500 ) ÷ ( - 50 ) by expressing it as a product of two fractions
56 56
b) Find (- 48 ) ÷ ( - 4 ) by expressing it as a product of two
fractions
c) Find (- 74 ) ÷ ( - 2 ) by expressing it as a product of two fractions
d) Find (- 49 ) ÷ ( - 7 ) by expressing it as a product of two fractions
57 57
super
11. Togo FINALLY wants to summarize different ways of looking at

division of a negative number by a negative number. Help him in
doing so!
a) To find (-a) ÷ (-b) = c, we use the concept of inverse by representing

(-a) as a product of ________ and _____________.
(-a) = _____ x ______
b) Division of a negative number by a negative number can be represented

1
(-a) ÷ ( - b ) = _______ _______ x _______
=
1
c) When a negative integer is divided by a negative integer, the

result is -
Positive Negative
d) The sign of the result of division of a negative number by a

negative number is the same as sign of the product of a negative
number by a negative number.
True False
58 58
12. Let us summarize the rules of division of integers!
a) Positive ÷ Positive = ________________
b) Positive ÷ Negative = ________________
c) Negative ÷ Positive = ________________
d) Negative ÷ Negative = ________________
e) If we divide integers with like signs (same sign), the result is:
Positive Negative
f) If we divide integers with unlike signs (different sign), the result is:
Positive Negative
13. Captain Spark suffered a loss of 54,000 Gems in a deal. The

loss was shared by 8 of his friends, with each person, including
Captain Spark bearing an equal part. How much loss did each
person bear?
59 59
14. The exchange rate of the American dollar is INR 60 in 2010. It
increases by 2 rupees each year.
a. Find the exchange rate of the American dollar in INR in the

year 2018.
b. Find the exchange rate of the American dollar in INR in the

year 2000.
60 60
15. Due to global warming, the average temperature of Mount Everest increases
by 2° C every 100 years.
a. If the average temperature was -20 ° C in the year 2000, find the
year in which the average temperature was -32° C.
b. Find the year in which the average temperature will be 0° C.
16. Arun started to save a certain amount of money every day. Ten days earlier,
his total saving amount was 2,000 rupees. Today, the total saving is 2,500
rupees.
a. Find the amount Arun saves daily.
b. Find the number of days on which Arun saved (Assume Day 1 is the day
on which he started saving).
61 61
olympiad
17. The battery of a machine discharges at a constant rate per hour. A new
battery has a capacity of 30,000 mAH.
a. If the capacity is 24,000 mAH after 5 hours, find the discharging rate
of the battery.
b. Find the time needed for the battery to fully discharge.
18. Warun borrowed a loan of 20,000 rupees from a friend. He has agreed to
repay the total amount in 10 equal monthly installments.
a. Find the monthly installment.
b. Due to other expenses, Warun could settle only 12,000 rupees in 8 months.
Find Arun’s average monthly installment for the last 8 months.
c. If he wishes to settle the full amount in the said period, find the new monthly
installment for the rest of the period.
62 62
19. Evaluate the following expressions :
a) (- 48 ) ÷ ( - 12 ) x 3 c) (- 18 ) ÷ 9 x 6 ÷ (-2)
b) (- 8 ) x (-7) ÷ ( - 2 ) d) 10 x (- 19) ÷ ( - 19 ) x 3
63 63
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4 PROPERTIES OF
MULTIPLICATION AND
DIVISION OF INTEGERS
65
EXPLAIN
universe
Hi kids, today we will learn about properties of

multiplication and division of integers.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to

identify and apply some of the properties to make
your calculations easier.
1. Multiplication and Division of Integers.
We already know that the multiplication is repeated addition and division is the
inverse operation of multiplication.
In last two modules we learnt that:
1st number 2nd number Multiplication Division

Positive Positive Positive Positive
Negative Negative Positive Positive
Positive Negative Negative Negative
Negative Positive Negative Negative
2. Closure property
3 × 4 = 12 12 ÷ 4 = 12
3×0=0 (-6) ÷ 3 = -2
3 × (-4) = -12 6 ÷ 4 = 1.5
The product of two integers The division of two integers

is always is an integer. is not always is an integer.
66 66
3. Commutative law
5 × (-7) = (-7) × 5 4 ÷ (-4) = (-4) ÷ 4
0 × (-5) = (-5) × 0 5 ÷ (-7) ≠ (-7) ÷ 5
3×4=4×3 6÷3≠3÷6
For any integers a and b, we have: For any integers a and b, we have:
(a × b) = (b × a) (a ÷ b) ≠ (b ≠ a)
Therefore, multiplication of integers Therefore, division of integers is

is commutative. NOT commutative.
4. Associative law
(2 × 3) × 4 = 2 × (3 × 4) (2 ÷ 3) ÷ 4 ≠ 2 ÷ (3 ÷ 4)
{(-2) × 3} × 4 = (-2) × (3 × 4) {(-2) ÷ 3} ÷ 4 ≠ (-2) ÷ (3 ÷ 4)
(0 × 3) × 4 = 0 × (3 × 4) (0 ÷ 3) ÷ 4 = 0 ÷ (3 ÷ 4)
For any integers a and b, we (2 ÷ 3) ÷ 1 = 2 ÷ (3 ÷ 1)
have:
If a, b, c are integers with a ≠ 0 and c ≠ 1 then,
(a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
(a ÷ b) ÷ c ≠ a ÷ (b ÷ c)
Therefore multiplication of
integers is associative. Therefore division of integers is NOT associative
67 67
5. Distributive law of multiplication over addition.
2 × (3 + 4) = (2 × 3) + (2 × 4)
{2 × (3 + (- 4)} = (2 × 3) + {2 × (- 4)}
{(-2) × (3 + 4)} = {(-2) × 3) + {(-2) × - 4
For any integers a and b, we have:
(a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
6. Relationship with 1
6×1=6
6 ÷ 1 = 12
(-4) × 1 = -4
(-4) ÷ 1 = -4
0×1=0
0÷1=0
For every integer a, we have
For every integer a, we have
(a ×1) = (1 × a) = a
(a ÷1) = a
1 is called the multiplicative identity
for integers.
7. Relationship with inverse
6÷6=1
(-5) ÷ (-5) = 1
0 ÷ 0 = not meaningful
This is same as multiplicative

inverse.
If a is an integer and a ≠ 0, then
a ÷ a = 1.
68 68
8. Property of zero
8×0=0×8=0 0÷6=0
(-6) × 0 = 0 × (-6) = 0 6 ÷ 0 = not meaningful
0×0=0 0 ÷ 0 = not meaning
For every integer a, we have: If a is an integer then,
(a × 0) = (0 × a) = 0 (a ÷ 0) is meaningless.
• The product of two integers is always an integer while

division of integers is not always an integer.
SUMMARY • Multiplication of integers is commutative and division of
integers is not commutative.
• Multiplication of integers is associative and division of
integers is not associative.
• Multiplication complies with distributive law of
multiplication over addition.
• 1 is called the multiplicative identity for integers.
• Multiplication of any integer with zero equals zero and
division of any integer by zero is meaningless.
69 69
PRACTIC
E
easy
1. Togo wants to start this adventure by writing down the rules of

multiplication. Help him fill the missing boxes.
a) Positive x Positive =
b) Negative x Positive =
c ) Positive x Negative =
d ) Negative x Negative =
e ) If the two numbers have the same sign (both positive or

both negative), the product is -
Positive Negative
f ) If the two numbers have different signs (one positive and

the other negative), the product is -
Positive Negative
g) axb=
h ) (-a) x b =
i) a x (-b) =
j) (-a) x (-b) =
70 70
2. Togo wants to start this adventure by writing down
the rules of division. Help him fill the missing boxes.
a) Positive ÷ Positive =
b) Negative ÷ Positive =
c ) Positive ÷ Negative =
d ) Negative ÷ Negative =
e ) If the two numbers ‘a’ and ‘b’ have the same sign (both
positive or both negative), the sign of a ÷ b will be-
Positive Negative
f ) If the two numbers ‘a’ and ‘b’ have different signs (one
positive and the other negative), the sign of a ÷ b will be-
Positive Negative
g) a÷b=
h ) (-a) ÷ b =
i) a ÷ (-b) =
j) (-a) ÷ (-b) =
71 71
3. Multiply the number (-1) multiple times and find out the
sign of the product.
a) Two times
(-1) x (-1) = +1
Repetition for 2 times Product sign = Positive
b) Three times
= (-1) x (-1) x (-1)

= 1 x (-1)
= (-1)
Repetition for 3 times Product sign = Negative
c) Four times
= (-1) x (-1) x (-1) x (-1)
Repetition for times Product sign =
d) Five times
= (-1) x (-1) x (-1) x (-1) x (-1)
72 72
e) Six times
= (-1) x (-1) x (-1) x (-1) x (-1) x (-1)
f ) If the number of negative integers in a product is even (2,

4, 6 etc), the product will be -
Positive Negative
g ) If the number of negative integers in a product is odd (1, 3,

5, 7 etc), the product will be -
Positive Negative
73 73
4. Find out the sign of the product of the following integers -
a) (-842) x 28 x 143 x (-291) x 18 x (-63)
Number of negative integers = 3
Number of negative integers is-
Even Odd
The product will be-
Positive Negative
b) (-6947) x (-2354) x (-993) x 63 x (-111) x 273
Number of negative integers =
Even Odd
Positive Negative
c) (-5) x (-5) x 5 x 5 x (-5) x (-5) x 5 x 5 x (-5)
Even Odd
Positive Negative
74 74
d) 99 x 99 x 101 x 101 x (-99) x (-99)
Even Odd
Positive Negative
e) 2048 x (-2048) x 1024 x (-1024) x 512 x (-512) x 256 x (-256)

x 128 x (-128) x 64 x (-64)
Even Odd
Positive Negative
5. Let us recall the properties of addition of integers before we

begin our journey with properties of multiplication. Match the
following!
Property Explanation
a) Associative i) If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are
integers, then a+b is
also an integer.
b) Closure
ii) a+b = b+a
c) Commutative iii) a+0 = a
a) Identity iv) a+ (b+c) =

(a+b) + c
75 75
Based on what you have learnt in addition of integers, can you
6.
predict what could be those properties for multiplication of
integers?
a) Closure property
Addition
If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are two integers, then the sum of two
integers (a+b) will also be an integer.
Multiplication
b) Commutative Property
Addition
If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are two integers, then a+b = b+a
Multiplication
76 76
c) Associative Property
Addition
If ‘a’ and ‘b’ and ‘c’ are integers, then a + (b+c) = (a+b)
+ c.
Multiplication
d) Identity Property
Additive Identity
If zero is added to an integer, the integer remains the

same.
Additive Identity = 0
Multiplicative Identity
77 77
normal
7. Let us now explore the closure property for Multiplication.
a) 3 and 4 b) (-3) and 4
3x4= (-3) x 4 =
Are the two numbers integers? Are the two numbers integers?
Yes No Yes No
Is the product also an integer? Is the product also an integer?
Yes No Yes No
c) 3 and (-4) d) (-3) and (-4)

3 x (-4) = (-3) x (-4) =
Are the two numbers integers? Are the two numbers integers?
Yes No Yes No
Is the product also an integer? Is the product also an integer?
Yes No Yes No
e) In all the above examples, is the f) Can you think of an example in which
product of an integer also an the product of two integers is not an
integer? integer?
Yes No Yes No
g) Do integers follow the closure property?
Yes No
78 78
8. Now let us look at the commutative property for multiplication!
a) 3 and 4
3x4= 4x3=
Does the product of the integers change when we change

the order of multiplication?
Yes No
b) (-3) and 4
(-3) x 4 = 4 x (-3) =

Yes No
c) 3 and (-4)
3 x (-)4 = (-4) x 3 =

Yes No
d) (-3) and (-4)
(-3) x (-)4 = (-4) x (-3) =

Yes No
79 79
e) Can you think of examples in which the product of integers
changes on changing the order of integers?
Yes No
If yes, Please write down the example.
f) Are integers commutative on multiplication?
Yes No
9. Perform the following operations.
Zero One
a) 5 x 0 = e) 5 x 1 =
b) (-5) x 0 = f) (-5) x 1 =
c) 100 x 0 = g) 100 x 1 =
d) (-100) x 0 = h) (-100) x 1 =
80 80
80
i) When an integer is multiplied by 0, the product is-
0 1 Number itself
j) When an integer is multiplied by 1, the product is-
0 1 Number itself
k) What is the multiplicative identity?
10. Togo wants to summarize which properties are true for multiplication of
integers. For the ones that are true, write down the properties.
Property name True / False Property details
Closure True
False
Commutative True
False
Associative True
False
Multiplication True
Identity
False
81 81
11. If you are multiplying many integers, simply count the number
of negative integers. If the number of negative integers is –
Odd Product is negative
Even Product is positive
Solve the following-
a) (-2) x (-9) x 8 x (-3) x 5
Odd Even
Product will be-
Positive Negative
Value of the Product
=2x9x8x3x5
= 2160
Final answer with sign-
- 2160
b) (-5) x 5 x (-4) x (-3) x (-1)
Odd Even
Product will be-
Positive Negative
82 82
c) (-1) x (-2) x (-3) x 4 x 5 x 6
Odd Even
Product will be-
Positive Negative
d) (-1) x 2 x (-3) x 4 x(-5) x 6
Odd Even
Product will be-
Positive Negative
83 83
e) 1 x 2 x 3 x (-4) x(-5) x (-6)
Odd Even
Product will be-
Positive Negative
84 84
f) Why is the answer in parts c, d, and e the same despite
having different numbers?
85 85
super
12. Shown below is the diagram of Captain Spark’s secret observatory. It has
2 parts- Observation room and Experiment room.
10 m 5m
Experiment room
8m
Observation
room
a) What is the area of the Experiment room?
Area = breadth x length
b) What is the area of the Observation room?
Area = breadth x length
86 86
c) What is the total length? Express it as a sum of the lengths
of the two rooms.
Total length = +
d) What is the total area of the Observatory?
Area = breadth x (length 1 + length 2)
e) Compare the sum of area of Experiment room and the

Observation room with the total area.
Area 1 + Area 2 = +
Total Area =
87 87
Are the two equal?
Yes No
f) Write the above relation as an equation using numbers-
Area 1 + Area 2 = Total Area
= x + x = x +
g) What is this property known as?
Distributive Distributive property of

property of addition over
multiplication over multiplication.
addition
13. The distributive property of multiplication over addition can be

represented as:
a x b + a x c = a x (b + c)
Use the property to solve the problem for the following whole
numbers-
a) 12 X (-25) + 25
88 88
b. (-25) X 12 + (-25) X (-13)
c. (-25 X 12)-(-25 X 99)
d. (-12 X -6)+(-12 X -5)
e. 22 X (-84) + (-22) X (-84)
f. (11 X -98)+(11 X -22)
89 89
14. Ever wondered whether the properties that are valid for
multiplication of integers will be valid for division? Let us find
out.
a) Before we start, what is your gut feeling?
All properties will Some will be valid

be valid
Only one will be None will be valid

valid
b) Closure property
(-2) and 4
Is (-2) ÷ 4 an integer?
Yes No
Is closure property valid for all integers?
Yes No
c) Commutative property
(-2) and 4
What is (-2) ÷ 4 ?
What is 4 ÷ (-2) ?
Is closure property valid for division of integers?
Yes No
90 90
d) Associative property
(-2) , 4 and (-8)
[4 ÷ (-2)] ÷ 8 =
4 ÷ [(-2)] ÷ 8] =
Are the two results the same?
Yes No
Is the Associative property true for the integers?
Yes No
e) Identity
(-2) ÷ 1 =
2÷ 1 =
Will the integer remain the same after division by 1?
Yes No
Is 1 the identity for division?
Yes No
91 91
olympiad
15. The two negatives make a positive when multiplying and

dividing integers. Simplify the following by cancelling negatives
in the numerator and denominator, and coming up with an
overall positive or negative sign.
a) (-20) x (-5) x 2
(-4) x (-2)
Cancel negatives in the numerator and denominator.
= (+20) x (+5) x 2
(+4) x (+2)
= 20 x 5 x 2
4x2
b) (-8) x (-5) x 2 x (-3)
6 x (-1) x (-2)
92 92
c) (-4) x 8 x 5 x (-9)
2 x (-3) x 4 x (-5)
d) (-5) x 3 x 8 x 5 x (-1) x (-6)
5 x (-4) x 25
93 93
16. Captain Spark has a simple rule for a combination of
multiplication and division of integers. If the number of
the negative integers is :
a) Odd Final sign is negative

b) Even Final sign is positive
Find out the sign of the following-
a) (-6) x (-3) 1 x 5 x 6 x (-5)
(-3) x (-8) x 3 x 5 x (-8)
Odd Even
Sign of the final value-
Positive Negative
b) (-4) x 6 x 3 x (-2) x8 x (-8)
9 x (-3) x 2 x (-4) x (-1)
Odd Even
Positive Negative
94 94
c) (-4) x 11 x 2 x (-3)
(-4) x (-2) x 3 x 9
Odd Even
Positive Negative
d) 10 x (-5) x 3 x (-9) x 5
2 x (-3) x 41 x (-5)
Odd Even
Positive Negative
e) 5 x 3 x 71 x (-8) x (-5) x (-10)
(-4) x (-5) x (-6) x 7 x 8 x 9
Odd Even
Positive Negative
95 95
17. Let us learn about the distributive property for integers too.
a) (-5) x 2 + (-5) x (-4)
= (-10) + 20
= 20 – 10
= 10
(-5) x [2 + (-4) ]
= (-5) x [ 2 – 4]
= (-5) x (-2)
= 10
Is the distributive property true in this case?
Yes No
b) (-10) x (-2) + (-10) x (-5)
(-10) x [ (-2) + (-5) ]
Yes No
96 96
c) (-5) x (-2) + (-5) x 8
(-5) x [ (-2) + 8 ]
Yes No
d) 8 x (-9) + 8 x (-5)
8 x [ (-9) + (-5) ]
Yes No
97 97
e) 8 x (-9) + 8 x 7
8 x [ (-9) + 7 ]
Yes No
f) 6 x 9 + 6 x (-5)
6 x [ 9 + (-5)]
Yes No
98 98
g) Can you think of an example in which the Distributive
Property of multiplication over addition is not valid for
integers?
Yes No
If yes, please provide an example?
18. Evaluate the following using the Distributive Property of

multiplication over addition.
a) 234 x (-5) + 234 x 105 c) 178 x (-51) + 178 x 11
b) 199 x 201 + 199 x (-101) d) 533 x 43 + 533 x (-13)
e) 434 x (-447) + 434 x 147
99 99
19. Can we use the Distributive Property to make split-up numbers
and make multiplication simpler? Try the following:
a) 72 x (-102)
Which of these numbers can be split up into sum containing a

convenient number for multiplication?
- 102
- 102 (- 100 ) + (-2)

= ______________________
Using Distributive Property –
72 x [(-100) + (-2)]
= 72 x (-100) + 72 x (-2)
= -7200 -144
=-7344
b) 65 x (-99)

= ______________________
100 100
c) 68 x 48

= ______________________
d) 132 x 99

= ______________________
101 101
e) 233 x (-103)

= ______________________
f) 83 x 198

= ______________________
102 102
20. Look at the number counters below, and find out the result in each case.
The ones inside the box have to be calculated first!
a)
5 x -3 x 4
= x
5 x -3 x 4
= x
Is the product same for both the arrangements?

Yes No
b)
-10 x -20 x 7
= x
-10 x -20 x 7
= x

Yes No
103 103
c)
-25 x 15 x -12
= x
-25 x 15 x -12
= x
Yes No
d)
18 x 10 x 100
= x
18 x 10 x -100
= x

Yes No
104 104
e) Can you find an example in which the product of 3 integers
changes with the type of groups formed?
Yes No
If yes, Please write down the example.
f) Will the product of 3 integers remain the same with different

ways of grouping them?
Yes No
105 105
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FIRST PRINTING EDITION 2018

Winspark Innovations Learning Pvt Ltd.

Search for the Planet Spark app

Point your camera at Enter the 4-digit

4. PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLICATION AND

SCAN HERE TO ENTER APP ZONE

1. Write the corresponding opposite numbers of the integers

a) The opposite of -4 is ______________.

2. Each of the boxes below has two quantities. Classify them as

a) 20℃ above 0 ℃ b) 1800 meters above sea

1800 meters below sea

Increase in stock price

c) 0% -10% d) 10% -10%

4. Arrange the following quantities as per instructions provided.

b) -15, -23, 18, -11, 27, -999

5. Adding a negative number is same as subtracting a positive number.

a) 7 + (-4) is same as ____________

b) 6 + (-3) is same as ____________

a) 4 + (-7) c) (-11) + (-3)

9. Fill in the blanks

10. Solve the following -

a) -35 - 87 b) -254 - 196

e) (-53) + (-183) f) 1 - 100

b. Find the distance from the starting point.

a. What is the inner temperature of the freezer 15 minutes after closing

b. In the next 30 minutes, its inner temperature reduces by 10° C. What is

a. If the temperature of a given place is 25° C, then find the

b. Find the temperature at the top of the mountain.

a. Find the difference between the lowest and the average

b. Find the difference between the highest and the lowest

a. If the distance to the east is considered positive, find the distance

a. Find the debt of the company in both years.

SHARE YOUR ACHIEVEMENTS!

I was supposed to learn:

What I actually learnt:

I am still confused about:

SCAN HERE TO ENTER APP ZONE

Have you ever

If you make a loss of

Money = ₹ 100 Money = ₹ - 100

What happens when you multiply two negative numbers?

(-2) x (-3) = (-6) OR 6 ?

Hi kids, today we will learn about the multiplication

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to do

1. Multiplication of two positive integers

2. Multiplication of positive integer with negative integer

4 X 2 X (-2) = (4 X 2) X (-2) = 8 X (-2) = 16

3. Multiplication of negative integer with positive integer

The answer is -6.

(-3) X 2 X 3 = {(-3) X 2} X 3 = (-6) X 3 = -18

4. Multiplication of negative integer with negative integer

(-2) X 2 X (-3) = {(-2) X 2} X (-3) = (-4) X (-3) = 12

• Multiplication is repeated addition.

1. Let us try multiplication for negative numbers.

b) 3 x (-3) = _______ jumps of _______ units each.

-13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

d) 4 x (-3) = _______ jumps of _______ units each.

-13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

3. Let us interpret multiplication of a positive number and a

a) 2 x (-3) = __________ times _________

= __________ groups of __________ each

b) 4 x (-5) = __________ times _________

b) 3 x (-3) = _ jumps of _ units each.

d) 4 x (-3) = _ jumps of _ units each.

a) 2 x (-3) = __ times _

= groups of each

b) 4 x (-5) = __ times _

= groups of each

c) 8 x (-6) = __ times _

= groups of each

d) 7 x (-9) = __ times _

= groups of each

e) 3 x (-12)= __ times _

= groups of each

a) a x (-b) = _ _

d) a x (-b) = times

e) a x (-b) means groups of _ unit coins

f) a x (-b) is the same as jumps of

a) (-2) x 3 = _ jumps of _ units each.

b) (-3) x 3 = _ jumps of _ units each.

c) (-2) x 5 = _ jumps of _ units each.

d) (-4) x 3 = _ jumps of _ units each.

a) a x (-b) means _ jumps of _ units each.

e) (-3) x (-2) = _ reverse jumps of length units

f) (-2) x (-4) = _ reverse jumps of length units

h) (-3) x (-3) = _ reverse jumps of length units

a) (-a) x (-b) = _____