M7.7 BK v4.0 20190110 The Triangle and Its Properties

CLASS
SPARK MATHS
WORKBOOK 7
LEARN PLAY PRACTICE
2
Copyright © 2017-18 Winspark Innovations Learning Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
MATHS
THE TRIANGLE & ITS
PROPERTIES
CLASS
7
Recommended time: 7 to 9 hours
Winspark Innovations Learning Pvt. Ltd.

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CONTENTS
1. TRIANGLES: TYPES AND SUM OF ANGLES 7
2. MEDIAN, ALTITUDE, EXTERIOR ANGLES

21
OF TRIANGLE
3. EQUILATERAL, ISOSCELES TRIANGLES AND

39
SUM OF LENGTHS
4. RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE – PYTHAGORAS

66
THEOREM
TRIANGLES TYPES AND
1 SUM OF ANGLES
SCAN HERE TO ENTER APP ZONE
7
EXPLAIN
Observation is one of the greatest powers in
the universe
Hi kids, today we will learn the basics of a triangle.

We already learned about polygons. It is time for
us to learn more about a very common kind of
polygon – triangles.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to name
different triangles and find the measure of the
missing angle of a triangle.
Polygon and triangle
A polygon is a closed figure that start and ends at the same point.
Polygons have a different number of sides and vertices.
Vertex is where two sides intersect.
A triangle is a polygon with 3 sides, 3 vertices and 3 angles inside it.
side
vertex vertex
angles
side
The properties of a triangle

This is ΔABC. The symbol Δ means ABC are the vertices of a
triangle.
B
This is how we name the sides - AB, BC,and AC.
All three angles sum up to 180°.
∠ BAC is opposite to the side BC and
∠ ABC
∠ ACB is opposite to the side AB.
AC is opposite to ∠ABC. A ∠ BAC
∠ ACB
C
8
Different kinds of triangles
Name Properties Example
No equal sides
Scalene
No equal angles
Equal sides
Two equal sides
Isosceles Equal
Two equal angles
angles
Three equal
sides
Equilateral Three equal
angles
(60°)
One angle is a
Right angled
right angle (90°)
All three angles

Acute
are acute angles
angled
(less than 90°)
Obtuse angle
One angle is an
Obtuse
obtuse angle
angled
(more than 90°)
An equilateral triangle is a regular polygon.

A triangle with a right angle and two equal angles is called right
TIP isosceles triangle.
The sum of all three angles of any triangle is 180°.
TIP
Find the missing angle in the figure.

METHO
D
Find the measure of the three angles. They are 115°, 35° and ?.
1
2 ?
115° 35°
3
EXAMPLES
?
80° 57°
80°
70°
60° ? 33° ?
This is a scalene (also This is an isosceles (also This is a right-angled

acute-angled) triangle acute-angled) triangle triangle and the
and the missing angle is and the missing angle is missing angle is 90°
50° 20°
• Triangle is a type of polygon with 3 sides.

• Triangle has 3 vertices and 3 angles inside it.
• The sum of all three angles of any triangle is 180°.
SUMMARY • Different types of triangles have different properties of
equal sides and equal angles.
• The regular triangle is called equilateral triangle.
• The triangle with two equal sides is called isosceles
triangle.
10
PRACTIC
PRACTICE
E Master what you have learned
easy
1 Identify which of the figures below is a triangle and give the reason why it is
or it is not a triangle:
Type of Figure Reason
A triangle Points lie on a line

Not a triangle Has three sides




2 What is your name? - Just like your name, sides of a triangle also have
names! Circle the sides whose names have been mentioned below the
triangle.
a) B b) N c) Y
M
C K X Z
A NM ZY
AB
d) N e) R f)
B B C
M S A
F
NB and BF RS and RM BA and AC
11
3 Match the property of a triangle to the name of the type of a triangle having
that property:
All angles are less than 90o.

Scalene Triangle
Two of the sides are equal.
Right-angled Triangle
One of the angles is more than
Equilateral Triangle
90o.
Obtuse Angled Triangle
All the sides are equal.
Acute Triangle
One of the angles is 90o.
Isosceles Triangle
None of the sides is equal.
4 Identify whether the figure below is a valid triangle or not based on the sum
of the interior angles:
a) b) c)
64o 76o
30o 78o
50o
58o 52o
84o 66o
A Valid Triangle A Valid Triangle A Valid Triangle

Not A Valid Triangle Not A Valid Triangle Not A Valid Triangle
d) 55o 106o e)
58o
21o
54o 74o
A Valid Triangle A Valid Triangle

Not A Valid Triangle Not A Valid Triangle
12
normal
5 WELCOME TO THE TRIANGLE HIDE AND SEEK! - Find as many

triangles as you can in the figures below and mention the number in the
space provided:
4 _____triangles
_____triangles _____triangles
_____triangles _____triangles _____triangles
6 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate names of the vertices, angles or
sides:
C M
1 2
1 N
A B
CA L
The vertex A is an intersection of ____
AB
and ____. The side LN is opposite to the angle
_____.
The angle 1 is opposite to the side The angle _____ is opposite to the side
_____. MN.
F F
2 P 3
K O R
The side ______ is opposite to the The side OF is opposite to the vertex
vertex P. ______.
The vertex _____ is an intersection of The side FO is opposite to the angle
KF and PK. _______.
13
7 You have to draw a triangle ABC. But there is a catch! These points have to
be from a particular area on the given triangle. Draw the triangle by
following the instructions:
a) B b) c)
A C
A – interior point A – boundary point A – exterior point

B – exterior point B – boundary point B – exterior point
C – boundary point C – boundary point C – boundary point
d) e) f)
A – interior point A – exterior point A – exterior point

B – boundary point B – exterior point B – exterior point
C – interior point C – exterior point C – interior point
8 Identify each triangle based on the lengths of the sides (equilateral,

isosceles, or scalene):
a
m p
a
n
______
isosceles ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
_ _ _ _ _ _
a a
5 mm
a
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
_ _ _ _ _ _
14
9 Identify each triangle based on angles (acute, obtuse, or right-angled
triangle):
_______
acute _______ _______ _______
_ _ _ _
_______ _______ _______ _______

_ _ _ _
_______ _______ _______ _______

_ _ _ _
10 Find the missing angle for each triangle below:
? 60o
108o
25o
?
47o 38o
?
15o
45o 33o
? 120o
68o
23o
85o
150o ?
?
15
super
11 What kind of triangle is hidden? - Fill in the blanks and sketch it!
It has an obtuse angle and two It has no obtuse angle and sides
a angles equal to each other. d are of different length.
obtuse
It is ____________, isosceles
____________triangle It is ____________, ____________triangle
It has a right angle and sides of It has all angles acute and of the
b different length.
e different measurements.
It is ____________, ____________triangle It is ____________, ____________triangle
The sum of two its equal angles It has all angles acute and of the
c is 90 degrees. f same measure.
It is ____________, ____________triangle It is ____________, ____________triangle
12 Welcome to Mystery Triangles! One of the values is missing and has been
represented as x. Find x and solve the mystery:
30° 7
90°
60° 45°
x
x 4 5
x 40° 40° 60°

x
x= x= x= x=
________ ________ ________ ________
16
15°
x
5
5
x
60° 5
x= x=
________ ________
13 Roxy found out the angles of some triangles. Sketch these triangles in the
space below. Cross out a box, in case a triangle cannot be drawn using the
given data:
30°, 60°, 90° 10°, 110°, 60° 90°, 45°, 45°
20°, 140°, 20° 55°, 55°, 110° 60°, 60°, 60°
14 Identify a triangle if its angles are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 15. Find these angles in
degrees and write in the ascending order:
Sketch
Type of triangle:___________, _________
Angles: _______, __________, __________
17
Olympia
d
15 An architect is designing a bridge that is supported by pillars. At any point of

support, there are two pillars learning against each other to form a triangle
with the floor.
The two pillars are equal in length and make an angle of 50 degrees at the
point where they meet. Draw a diagram of the pillars and find out the angle
that the pillars make with the floor:
16 A ladder is leaning against a vertical wall. The ladder makes an angle of 24

degrees with the wall. What angle does the ladder make with a floor?
17 For each triangle, find the value of x.
a)
Sum of angles = 180 degrees
 (4x - 4) + (2x + 4) + 90 = 180
 4x – 4 + 2x + 4 + 90 = 180
 6x = 90
 x = 15
18
b)
c)
19
SHARE
SHARE YOUR ACHIEVEMENTS!
I was supposed to learn:
What I actually learnt:
I am still confused about:
I rate myself:
20
MEDIAN, ALTITUDE,
2 EXTERIOR ANGLES OF
TRIANGLE
21
EXPLAIN
Observation is one of the greatest powers in the
universe
Hi kids, today we will learn what are the altitude

and median of a triangle. Also, we will learn about
the relationship between exterior and interior
angles.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to identify
and construct altitude and median. Also, given the
exterior or interior angles of a triangle, you will be
able to find the unknown angles.
1. Basics of Triangles
Every triangle has three sides and three angles.
Sum of all three angles is 180°.
Based on the sides, there are 3 types of triangles:
1. An equilateral triangle (3 sides equal)
2. Isosceles triangle (2 sides equal)
Side opposite from
3. Scalene (no equal sides)
the marked angle
Based on the angles, there are 3 types of triangles: vertex
1. Right angled (with a right angle)
2. Acute angled (all angles are less than 90°)
3. Obtuse-angled (one angle is more than 90°)
DEFINITION
Median: a line is drawn from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side.
Altitude: the height of a triangle.
Exterior angle: an angle between the extended side of a triangle and a side
of a triangle.
22
2. Median
Median is the line drawn from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side
from the vertex.
AB is the sides opposite from C. Point D is the midpoint of AB. So CD is the
median of the triangle ABC.
A
C B
A triangle can have 3 medians (drawn from each of the vertices).
TIP
3. Altitude
Altitude is the “height” of a triangle. It is the line drawn from a vertex
and form a right angle with the opposite side.
YZ is the opposite side from vertex X. XW is perpendicular to YZ.
Y W Z
EXAMPLES
M P
E F
D Q R S
MD is the altitude because MD is
Extend QR to S to find the altitude PS.
perpendicular to EF. MD is also the median
because M is the midpoint of EF
Some medians are also the altitudes of the triangles

but not all medians are also the altitudes.
REMEMBE
R 23
4. Exterior angle and interior angles
An exterior angle is the angle between an extended side of a triangle and another side.
The other two angles that are at the other two vertices are its corresponding interior
angles.
The measure of an exterior angle is the sum of the two interior angles.
z is the angle between an extended side (AD) of a triangle and the other side (BC) of a
triangle. z is the exterior angles and x and y are the corresponding interior angles. So,
z=x+y C
x z
A B D
Finding unknown angles with exterior

angles and interior angles
METHO
D
Find the unknown angle shown in the figure.
Identify which is the interior angle and an exterior angle.

1
x and angle with the angle with measure 22° are interior angles.
The angle with the measure 87° is an exterior angle. P
Form a number sentence using the relationship

2
between the exterior angle and interior angles. Since 22°
the measure of an exterior angle is the sum of two
interior angles, we know that x + 22° = 87°
Solve x + 22° = 87° 87° x
3 S R
x = 87° – 22° Q
x = 65°
• Median is the line drawn from vertex to the midpoint of the

opposite side.
SUMMARY • Altitude is the height of the triangle and it is the line that is
drawn from vertex and perpendicular to the opposite side.
• An exterior angle is the angle between an extended side of a
triangle and another side.
• The measure of an exterior angle is the sum of the two interior
angles.
24
PRACTIC
PRACTICE
easy
1 After becoming an expert in lines and angles, Togo now wants to learn
about closed shapes. In order to draw a closed shape, what is the minimum
number of lines required?
a) What is such a shape called?
b) Mention the names of different triangles on the following basis of

classification:
Based on the length of sides:
Based on its angles:
2 Classify the following triangles on the basis of sides and angles.
For e.g.: Based on the length of sides:
Equilateral
Acute
25
a) Based on length of sides:
5
4
b) Based on the length of sides:
100° Based on its angles:
c) Based on the length of sides:
d) One side of a pyramid:

Based on length of sides:
e) Non-symmetric mountain:
Based on length of sides:
26
3 Captain Spark: Togo, let me see how good are your geometric skills! In
the following diagram, draw the bisector of BC:
A Now connect the midpoint of BC with A. What

is such a line called?
Name the midpoint as D. What are the lengths

of BD and DC?
B C
4 In the following figures, find the midpoint of side BC using a ruler and draw
the median AD:
B
A
a) b)
A
C
B
c) A d) B C
130°
C C
B A
e) A f)
C A
B C
27
5 Togo: Captain Spark, how do people find the height of the mountain?
Captain Spark: The height of the mountain is the smallest vertical line from
the peak to the base. In the following figure, highlight the smallest line from
A to the base BC.
a) What is the angle this line makes

A
with BC
b) What is the geometric name for this

‘height’ of a triangle?
B C
6 In the given figures, draw the altitude from A to the base BC using a ruler so
that it roughly makes an angle of 90°.
[Note: You may extend the base BC outside the triangle if necessary.]
a) b) c)
A
C B
A C
B B C
f)
d) e) A
C
B A
B
A
B C C
28
normal
7 Based on the diagram, answer the questions below:

A a) Which are the interior angles
opposite to the exterior angle?
B C D
Now we draw a line l‖AB:
A
l
x
y
B D
C
b) Using properties of parallel lines, measure ∠A and ∠B (through
protractor) and then find x and y.
c) What is the measure of ∠A + ∠B?
d) Is this sum same as the measure of ∠ACD?
Yes
No
29
8 In the following figures, state whether the angle marked, is an exterior
angle to ΔABC:
a) A b) c) A
A
C
B B B C
C D
Yes No Yes No Yes No
d) e) f)
A B
A
B C D
B D C
C A E
Yes No Yes No Yes No
9 Now that we know how to find an exterior angle, find the measures
of the exterior angle:
a)
35°
80°
20°
b)
70°
30
c)
20°
40°
d)
50°
e)
90°
10 In the figure drawn below, find ∠B.

A
27°
B C
D
11 For the figure shown below, answer the questions:

A
a) Which is the exterior angle if the interior opposite
30° 40° angles are ∠DAB and ∠ABC?
50° 60°
B C
D
31
b) Which is the exterior angle if interior opposite angles are ∠ACB and
∠DAC?
c) What is the sum of 2 exterior angles in a) and b)?
d) Now, ∠DAB and ∠DAC together give ∠BAC. Thus, what is the total sum of
the 3 angles of ΔABC?
12 What is the sum of interior opposite angles marked in the figure if AD is the
altitude to BC?
B
D
A
C
32
13 Can the altitude of a triangle be outside the triangle? Demonstrate with a
rough figure.
a) In which type of triangles will there be at least 1 altitude outside the triangle?
Acute
Right
Obtuse
b) In which type of triangles will an altitude exactly coincide with one side of
the triangle?
Acute
Right
Obtuse
33
super
14 Based on the diagram, answer the questions below:
a)
35°
85°
x
b)
y x
130°
35°
c)
70°
y x
50°
50°
15 State whether the following statements are true or false and give
justification:
a) A scalene triangle must be acute.
True False
b) An equilateral triangle can be obtuse.
True False
34
c) An exterior angle can never be acute.
True False
d) If the exterior angle is a right angle, the triangle will also be a right triangle.
True False
Now, if the 2 opposite interior angles are in the ratio 1:2, find the value of
both angles.
16 In the given figure, the lines AB and CD are parallel to each other:
a) What is the measure of ∠ABC?
60°
130° b) What is the measure of ∠BCD?
B C
E
D c) What is the measure of ∠CDA?
35
Olympiad
17 In the given figure, the ratio of ∠BAC and ∠ACD is 1:2. Find all the 3 angles
of ΔABC:
80°
B D
C
What type of triangle is ΔABC?
Based on side
Scalene Isosceles Equilateral
Based on angle
Acute Right Obtuse
18 In the following figure, EG ‖ AC and FG ‖ AB.

Find the value of x and y:
A
E F
x
76° y 130°
B
G C D
36
19 In the given figure, the ratio of ∠BAC and ∠ACE is 1:3. Find ∠CBD:
120°
B E
C
D
20 ΔABC is isosceles. AD is the median to BC. This median again splits

ΔABC into 2 isosceles triangles. In ΔADC, AD = DC. In ΔABD,
AD = DB. If the median and AB have lengths in ratio 5:7, find the length of
BC.
21cm
B C
D
37
SHARE
I rate myself:
38
EQUILATERAL, ISOSCELES
3 TRIANGLES AND SUM OF
LENGTHS
39
EXPLAIN
universe
Hi kids, you already know what a triangle is and what is its

median, altitude and exterior angles. Today, we will learn about
two types of triangles in detail – the equilateral triangle and
the isosceles triangle. We will also look at the property of the
sides of a triangle.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to apply the special
properties of the two types of triangles and also find if the
triangle is valid by looking at the lengths of its sides.
1. An equilateral triangle and isosceles triangle

Isosceles triangles are triangles
with two equal sides and another Equal Sides
side called base. The angles
opposite from the two equal sides
are base angles.
Base
base
angles
Equilateral triangles are triangles

with three equal sides and three
equal angles (60° each).
The sum of all interior angles of a triangle is 180 °.

TIP
40
2. Three sides of a triangles
EXAMPLE
6, 9, 14 can form a triangle because 6 + 9 > 14, 9 + 14 > 6 and 6 + 14 > 9.
16, 8, 11 can form a triangle because 16 + 8 > 11, 8 + 11 > 16 and 16 + 11 > 8.
9, 4, 3 cannot form a triangle because 3 + 4 < 9.

7, 7, 16 cannot form a triangle because 7 + 7 < 16.
The sum of any two sides of a triangle is longer than (not

equal to) the third side.
For example, 7, 6 and 13 CANNOT be the 3 sides of a
REMEMBE
triangle because 7 + 6 is equal to 13 not larger than 13!
R
Find unknown angles in a triangle

METHO
D
Find the unknown angles in the figure.
Identify types of the triangles in the figure.

1
The triangle has two equal sides so it is an isosceles triangle.
Identify equal angles.
2 x
The angles opposite to the equal sides are equal. So y = 70°.
Recall sum of all angles of a triangle is 180° and put the
3
angles into the formula.
x + y + 70° = 180°
Solve the equation to find the answer. 70° y
4
x + y + 70° = 180°
x + 70° + 70° = 180°
x = 40°
41
The perimeter of a triangle can be found by summing up the
lengths of all three sides.
TIP
Find unknown sides of a triangle given

perimeter.
METHO
D
Find the length of the base of an isosceles triangle when the perimeter is 40 m
and the length of equal side is 14m.
Recall that the perimeter is the sum of all the sides and put the
1
information from the question into the formula.
14m + 14m + base length = 40m
Solve the equation to find the answer.

2
28m + Base length = 40 m
Base length = 40m – 28 m
Base length = 12m
• An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two equal sides and two

equal angles called base angles.
SUMMARY • An equilateral triangle is a triangle with three equal sides and
three equal angles (60° each).
• For any triangle, the sum of any two sides is longer than the
third side.
• The sum of all three angles in a triangle is 180°.
• The perimeter of a triangle is the sum of the length of all sides.
42
PRACTIC
PRACTICE
easy
1 Fill in the blanks:
a) An equilateral triangle has all sides ____________.

b) Two sides of an ____________ triangle are equal.
c) The angles of an equilateral triangle are ____________ (equal / not equal /
complementary).
d) Each angle of an equilateral triangle is an ____________ (acute / obtuse /
right) angle.
e) Each angle of an equilateral triangle measures _____°.
f) Side that is not equal to the other two sides of an isosceles triangle is called
the ____________.
g) Angles ____________ (adjacent to / contained in / opposite to) equal sides
of an isosceles triangle are called base angles.
h) Base angles of an isosceles triangle are ____________ (equal / not equal /
complementary).
i) Sum of any two sides of a triangle is ____________ (greater / less) than
the third side.
j) Difference between any two sides of a triangle is ____________ (greater /

less) than the other side.
2 Select “Yes” or “No”.

Yes No
a) Can an isosceles triangle have a right angle?
b) Can an equilateral triangle have a right angle?
c) Can an isosceles triangle have an obtuse angle?
d) Can an equilateral triangle have an obtuse angle?
43
3 Find x in each of the isosceles triangles below:
a) A b) B
x 37
B C
72 x
A C
 B =  C x= 37  =  x=
A
c) d)
45
x 25 x
C B B A
 =  x=  =  x=
4 Sides of a triangle are AB = 7 cm, BC = 8 m, AC = 12 cm:
a) Check if AB + BC > AC
7 cm + 8 cm = 15 cm 15 cm > 12 cm true
(true/false)
b) Check if BC + AC > AB
(true/false)
c) Check if AB + AC > BC
(true/false)
d) Can ABC exist?
Yes No
44
5 Sides of a triangle are PQ = 100 m, QR = 64 m, PR = 31 m:
a) Check PQ - QR < PR
(true/false)
b) Check QR - PR < PQ
(true/false)
c) Check PQ - PR < QR
(true/false)
d) Can PQR exist?
Yes No
45
normal
6 Using the property of the sum of all angles in a triangle find x:
a) Identify equal angles:

A
B = C
x
Simplify formula for the sum of
42
B C all angles:
A + 2 × B = 180°
Using the simplified formula calculate x:
x + 2 × 42° = 180°
x = 180° - 2 × 42°
x = 180° - 84°
x = 96°
b) B Identify equal angles:
x
all angles:
80
A C
46
c) A Identify equal angles:
45

all angles:
x
C B
d) A Identify equal angles:
x
all angles:
B C
47
7 Identify the type of each triangle below and find its perimeter P.
a) A
Identify a type of the triangle : ABC is:
4 cm
isosceles
B C (isosceles/equilateral)
6 cm
Circle the equal sides in the perimeter formula below:
P = AB + BC + AC
Simplify the perimeter formula.
P = 2 × AB +BC
Calculate the perimeter.
P = 2 × 4 cm + 6 cm
P = 8 cm + 6 cm
P = 12 cm
b) A
Identify a type of the triangle : ABC is:
(isosceles/equilateral)
B 11 cm C
48
P = AB + BC + AC
c)
A
Identify type of the triangle : ABC is:
12 cm
B 7 cm C
P = AB + BC + AC
49
d) A
Identify type of the triangle : ABC is:

25 cm
B C
P = AB + BC + AC
8 Find x and y in each of the triangles below:
a)
y
z = 140
x
Which of the following is the relation between x and z? (Check the box
next to the correct answer):
 Supplementary angles.
Base/equal angles of an isosceles triangle.
Different angles of an isosceles triangle.
Angles of an equilateral triangle.
50
Calculate x
x = 180 - z
x = 180° - 140° = 40°
Which of the following is the relation between x and y? (Check the box
Supplementary angles.
 Different angles of an isosceles triangle.

Calculate y
y = 180 - 2 × x
y = 180° - 2 × 40° = 180° - 80° = 100°
b) Which of the following is the relation between x and z? (Check the box
z = 85° Base/equal angles of an isosceles triangle.
x Different angles of an isosceles triangle.
y Angles of an equilateral triangle.
Calculate x
51
Supplementary angles
Base/equal angles of an isosceles triangle
Different angles of an isosceles triangle
Angles of an equilateral triangle
Calculate y
c) Which of the following is the relation between x and z? (Check the box
y Base/equal angles of an isosceles triangle.
x Different angles of an isosceles triangle.
z = 33° Angles of an equilateral triangle.
Calculate x
52
Calculate y
d) Which of the following is the relation between x and z? (Check the box
y
z x Angles of an equilateral triangle.
Calculate x
Calculate y
53
9 Find the length of the base of an isosceles triangle when:
a) The perimeter is 30 m and the length of one of the equal sides is 12 m.
b) The perimeter is 25 cm and the length of one of the equal sides is 7 cm.
c) The perimeter is 10 m and the length of one of the equal sides is 3 m.
d) The perimeter is 52 m and the length of one of the equal sides is 20 m.
10 Find the lengths of the equal sides of an isosceles triangle when:
a) The perimeter is 25 m and the length of the base is 9 m.
54
b) The perimeter is 130 cm and the length of the base is 52 m.
c) The perimeter is 17 m and the length of the base is 5 m.
d) The perimeter is 46 cm and the length of the base is 15 cm.
11 One of the angles of an isosceles triangle measures 132°. Answer the

following questions:
a) What type of angle is the known angle?
(acute/obtuse/right/straight)
b) Is the known angle a base angle? (Check “Yes” or “No”)

Yes No
12 Is it possible to have a triangle with the following sides?

a) 30 m, 12 m, 15 m
Yes No
55
b) 2.5 cm, 3.7 cm, 4.9 cm
Yes No
c) 6.4 m, 5 m, 1.4 m
Yes No
13 Togo wants to construct a triangle using three sticks of different lengths.

He takes a 9 cm long stick and attaches two other sticks with lengths 5 cm
and 3 cm to its ends so that they can rotate around the attachment points
but stay attached all the time. In the figure below segments, AB, AC and
BD represent the sticks. A and B are attachment points and the segments
AC and BD can rotate freely in the directions shown by the arrows. Answer
the questions.
D
5 cm
3 cm
A B
9 cm
a) What will be the distance between points C and D if the segments AC and
BD are rotated so that points C and D lie on the segment AB?
b) Can the distance between points C and D get smaller than the answer to
the previous question?
Yes No
56
c) Can Togo construct a triangle with these sticks?
Yes No
d) Could Togo construct a triangle if instead of 3 cm long stick he had a 6 cm

long stick?
Yes No
e) Fill in the blanks with “<” or “>” or “=” for ABC that can exist.
AB - BC AC AB + BC
57
super
14 The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 44.7 m. Draw corresponding

figures (indicating the equal sides) and find the lengths of the sides of the
triangle if:
a) Length of the base is 3 m less than the lengths of the equal sides.
b) Length of the base is 3 m more than the lengths of the equal sides.
c) Length of the base is 6 m less than the lengths of the equal sides.
d) Length of the base is 6 m more than the lengths of the equal sides.
58
15 Isosceles ABC and equilateral ACD triangles share side AC as shown
in the figure below. Find the base of the isosceles triangle if:
A
B C
a) The perimeter of ABC is 40 cm and the perimeter of ACD is 45
cm.
b) The perimeter of ABC is 3.5 m and Perimeter of ACD is 4.2 m.
16 In an isosceles triangle, ABC AD is a median as shown in the figure

below. Find lengths of all sides of the triangle if:
A C
59
a) AB + BD = 12 cm and AC + CD = 9 cm
b) AB + BD = 3 m and AC + CD = 1.2 m
17 Find the lengths of the sides of an isosceles triangle with the perimeter 56
cm if the ratio between the lengths of the base and one of the equal sides
is:
a) 2:3
b) 4:5
c) 3:2
60
18 Find the angles of an isosceles triangle if the ratio between one of the base
angles and the third angle is:
a) 1:2
b) 5:2
c) 7:4
19 Between what two measures should the length of a side of a triangle fall if
the lengths of the other two sides are:
a) 6 m and 8 m?
b) 15 cm and 13 cm?
c) 24 m and 5 m?
61
d) 1.6 m and 45 cm?
20 Lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle is known. Decide if it is

possible to identify which one of these sides is the base? If yes, identify
the base. The lengths are:
a) 2 cm and 6 cm?
b) 15 m and 16 m?
c) 1 cm and 5 mm?
d) 3 m and 80 cm?
62
Olympiad
21 ABC is an isosceles triangle. AB and BC are equal sides with the length
of 14 cm. Point D is placed on the side BC so that BD = AD. The perimeter
of the triangle ADC is 24 cm. Draw the corresponding figure and find the
length of the base:
22 Point D is placed on the BC side of the ABC so that AD = DC. The

perimeter of the triangle ABC is 4.5 cm and the perimeter of the triangle
ABD is 3.1 cm. Draw the corresponding figure and find the length of the
side AC:
63
23 In ABC A = 38° and B = 110°. Points D and E are placed on the side
AC so that BD = AD and BE = EC. Draw the corresponding figure and find
the measure of DBE:
24 If P is a point in the interior of ABC then prove that the sum of the
distances from P to the vertices of the triangle is greater than half the
perimeter of ABC:
64
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RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE
4 – PYTHAGORAS THEOREM
66
EXPLAIN
universe
Hi kids, today we will learn how to find the lengths

of the sides of a right-angled triangle. The
Pythagoras Theorem helps us to find the sides of a
right-angled triangle.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to
identify right-angled triangle and its hypotenuse.
Then, you will be able to find the unknown sides.
1. Right-angled triangles
A right-angled triangle has a right angle (90°) and two acute angles.
The side that is opposite from the right angle is the hypotenuse. The
hypotenuse is also the longest side of a right-angled triangle. The two
other shorter sides are called legs.
DEFINITION
Hypotenuse: the side opposite from the right angle in a triangle.
EXAMPLE A
X
49°
102°
41°
48° 30° B
C
Y Z
∠ACB = 180° - 49° - 41° = 90°
ΔXYZ is not a right-angled
So ΔABC is a right-angled
triangle as none of the angles is
triangle.
a right angle.
AB is opposite from ∠ACB and
it is the hypotenuse of the
triangle. 67
Identify hypotenuse before applying Pythagoras’ Theorem.
TI
P
2. Pythagoras’ Theorem
5
3
B
A 4
Finding unknown sides

using Pythagoras’ Theorem
METHO
D
Find the unknown in the figure.
Check if the triangle is a right-angled triangle. C

1
ΔABC is a right-angled triangle because ∠CAB is 90°. 7
Identify which side is the hypotenuse. x
2
Since ∠CAB is 90°, the side CB ( opposite from B
∠CAB) is the hypotenuse. 4 A
REMEMBE
R 68
Finding unknown sides
with more than one triangle in the figure
METHO
D
Find the unknown in the figure.
Check which triangles are right-angled triangles.

1
ΔXWY and ΔXWZ are right-angled triangles as XW is perpendicular
to YZ.
Identify which sides are the hypotenuse.
2
Hypotenuse for ΔXWY is XY and hypotenuse for ΔXWZ is XZ.
Check the relationship between the triangles and the unknown.
3 a = YW + WZ
YW is one of the sides of ΔXWY
WZ is one of the sides for ΔXWZ
4 X
11
7 6
5
Y W Z
a
SUMMARY
69
PRACTIC
PRACTICE
easy
Togo loves to play with geometric shapes. One day, he took a rectangle of
1
sides that had 6 cm and 8 cm. He cut it along the diagonal into 2 equal
triangles: A B
C D
To find the length of side BC, he takes ΔABC and draws 2 squares of
sides equal to length AB and AC.
How many mini

squares are there
in square 1 ?
1 8 cm
6 cm
How many mini
squares are there
in square 2 ?
2
Now he cuts these squares and tries to rearrange them. He observed that
he could exactly make 1 big square using both the squares.
How many mini

squares are there
3 in square 3 ?
70
This is when his teacher tells him that according to the Pythagoras’ theorem
for a right triangle, the area made by a square from AB + area made from
square AC is equal to an area made from square BC.
Thus, area BC = mini squares
Hence, length of side BC = [Hint: take square

root]
2 Now, Togo wishes to know which triangles follow the Pythagoras’ theorem.
Given below are some triangles. Find the missing angles and state
whether the triangle is Pythagoras or not. If yes, mention the side which is
hypotenuse:
i. A ii. A
30° 62°
28°
90° B C
B C
Is it Pythagoras? Is it Pythagoras?
What is the hypotenuse (if any) What is the hypotenuse (if any)
iii. A iv. A
40° 70°
120°
20°
B C
71
Is it Pythagoras? Is it Pythagoras?
What is the hypotenuse (if any) What is the hypotenuse (if any)
3 For the given triangles, take a ruler and measure the length of both legs:
i. A ii. B
8 15
8
C A
B 6 C
AB = AB =
BC = BC =
If AC is the hypotenuse of both triangles, using Pythagoras theorem, find

the length of AC.
For (i) AC = For (ii) AC =
72
Now, using ruler measure AC.
i. AC = ii. AC =
Is the theoretical value same as actual value?
4 For the following lengths of legs AB and AC, find the length of hypotenuse
AC:
i. AB = 5 ii. AB = 11 iii. AB = 15
BC = 12 BC = 60 BC = 8
AC = AC = AC =
iv. AB = 77 v. AB = 9
BC = 36 BC = (4 x AB) – 12
2
AC = AC =
73
normal
5 Roxy came to know that the side opposite to the largest angle has the
longest length in any given triangle. For the following pairs of triangles, help
Roxy in finding which triangle has the longer length for side AC. [Assume
AB and BC have the same length in both triangles]:
i. A A
40° 110°
B C B C
A B
AC is longer in
ii. A A
50°
30° 100°
B C C B
A B
AC is longer in
6 Togo has a pot full of coins with different numbers written on it. He picks 3
coins at random and wants to know if he can make a right triangle using
the triplet. For the given set of triplets, find out if he can make a right
triangle or not. [Hint: converse of Pythagoras’ theorem says that if a2 + b2 =
c2, a,b,c must always form a right triangle]:
74
i. 20, 21, 29 ii. 17, 8, 14 iii. 24, 10, 26
iv. 12, 35, 37 v. 8, 24, 26 vi. 13, 38, 39
7 In the real world, the right triangles often doesn’t have lengths which are
perfect integers. For the following pairs of legs of right triangles, find their
squares and hence the hypotenuse:
i. 4.5, 6 ii. 3.5, 12
Hypotenuse = Hypotenuse =
iii. 1.2, 1.6 iv. 0.8, 1.5

Hypotenuse = Hypotenuse =
75
8 In the following diagrams, find the length of AC:
i. A ii. B
7 A C
D B C
24 15
D
DAC is an isosceles triangle ABCD is a rhombus
BC = 24 cm BD = 24 cm
AC = AC =
iii. iv.
60° A
17
35
B C
30° 16
D C B
A
In triangle ABD, AB = AC
AC = AC =
9 The hour hand of a clock is 6 cm long and the minute hand is 8 cm

long:
i. What is the distance between the tips of both hands at 3 pm?
ii. What is the distance between tips at 6 pm?
76
iii. What is the distance between tips at 9 pm?
iv. What is the distance between tips at 12 am?
10 Captain Spark took 2 right triangles and placed them together as shown.
Find the length of side BD. [You might need a calculator]:
A
30° 30°
6
9
B C D
12
77
super
11 Captain Spark is standing in the middle of a large, flat ground. He walks 24

m North. Then he takes a right turn and walks 32 m East. Finally, he walks
back to his original position along the straight line joining his current
position and origin.
i. Draw his path as seen by someone of top:
ii. What is the total distance traveled by him?
78
12 The students of class 7 assemble in the ground to make a giant rectangle.
One side comprises of 10 students and the other side of 24 students. If
each student occupies 0.5 m of distance along the length, and 0.5m along
the breadth what is the distance between students at two diagonally
opposite ends?
Answer:
Now, instead of 10 students, there are 18 students along the length. What is
the new distance between diagonally opposite students?
Answer:
13 Following pairs represent ANY two sides of a right triangle. Find the 3rd side:
i. 15, 25 ii. 12, 35 iii. 34, 30

3rd side 3rd side 3rd side
79
iv. 26, 24 v. 4, 7.5 vi. 1.8, 5
3rd side 3rd side 3rd side
14 A man wants to climb a wall and uses a ladder for the same. If the height of
the wall is 15m and the base of the ladder is 20m away from the wall, what
is the required length of the ladder?
When the man climbs along the ladder, due to his weight, it slips. Now, it is
24m away from the wall at the base. At height is the ladder touching the
wall?
80
15 Togo builds a pyramid similar to those in Egypt. As seen from 1 side the
pyramid forms a triangle with base on the ground and both inclined sides
equal of length:
A single
face of the
pyramid
If the base of the pyramid is 40 m wide and it is 21 m high, what is the

length of the inclined edge?
Now, an earthquake strikes, and the tip of the pyramid gets destroyed,
leaving behind a ‘trapezoid’ structure (see fig.). If the new height is 12 m
and the width of the upper base is 8 m, find the new length of inclined
edge:
upper base
12m
lower base
81
Olympiad
16 Given the 2 sides of a right-angled triangle, find the 3rd side:
i. 17, 8 ii. 5, 14
3 3 10
3rd side 3rd side
iii. 11, 60 iv. 10, 6

7 7 4
3rd side 3rd side
17 A car travels along a straight road at a speed of 7 m/s for 9 seconds. Then,
it takes a right turn and travels at 8 m/s for 2 seconds. Find the net
displacement of the car from its origin:
82
18 In the cartesian plane, the coordinates of point A are (12, 0) and point B is
(0, 16). An ant is crawling from A to B at 2.5 cm/sec. Find how much time
ant took to reach B:
19 In the given figures, find the length of AC:
i.
A AC =
12
B C D
16
AD – 2 x = 2
83
ii.
B E
AC =
13
x
A C D
18cm
Area of ABED = 216 cm2
Find x and then AC.
iii.
A
AC =
x B C
13
30⁰
D E
x+2
= 15
2
Angle EAD = 30⁰
84
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M7.7 BK v4.0 20190110 The Triangle and Its Properties

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1. TRIANGLES: TYPES AND SUM OF ANGLES 7

2. MEDIAN, ALTITUDE, EXTERIOR ANGLES

3. EQUILATERAL, ISOSCELES TRIANGLES AND

4. RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE – PYTHAGORAS

SCAN HERE TO ENTER APP ZONE

Hi kids, today we will learn the basics of a triangle.

Polygon and triangle

The properties of a triangle

Name Properties Example

All three angles

An equilateral triangle is a regular polygon.

Find the missing angle in the figure.

This is a scalene (also This is an isosceles (also This is a right-angled

• Triangle is a type of polygon with 3 sides.

Type of Figure Reason

A triangle Points lie on a line

A triangle Points lie on a line

A triangle Points lie on a line

A triangle Points lie on a line

A triangle Points lie on a line

All angles are less than 90o.

A Valid Triangle A Valid Triangle A Valid Triangle

A Valid Triangle A Valid Triangle

5 WELCOME TO THE TRIANGLE HIDE AND SEEK! - Find as many

_____triangles _____triangles _____triangles

A – interior point A – boundary point A – exterior point

A – interior point A – exterior point A – exterior point

8 Identify each triangle based on the lengths of the sides (equilateral,

_______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______

It is ____________, ____________triangle It is ____________, ____________triangle

x 40° 40° 60°

30°, 60°, 90° 10°, 110°, 60° 90°, 45°, 45°

20°, 140°, 20° 55°, 55°, 110° 60°, 60°, 60°

Type of triangle:___________, _________

Angles: _______, __________, __________

15 An architect is designing a bridge that is supported by pillars. At any point of

16 A ladder is leaning against a vertical wall. The ladder makes an angle of 24

17 For each triangle, find the value of x.

SHARE YOUR ACHIEVEMENTS!

I was supposed to learn:

What I actually learnt:

I am still confused about:

SCAN HERE TO ENTER APP ZONE

Hi kids, today we will learn what are the altitude

A triangle can have 3 medians (drawn from each of the vertices).

Some medians are also the altitudes of the triangles

Finding unknown angles with exterior

Identify which is the interior angle and an exterior angle.

Form a number sentence using the relationship

• Median is the line drawn from vertex to the midpoint of the

a) What is such a shape called?

b) Mention the names of different triangles on the following basis of

Based on the length of sides:

Based on its angles:

2 Classify the following triangles on the basis of sides and angles.

For e.g.: Based on the length of sides:

Based on its angles:

___triangles _triangles ___triangles

___ _ _ ___

___ _ _ ___

It is , triangle It is , triangle

Type of triangle:___, _

Angles: _, , ______