What is constructional Pollution?

Construction industry is a big industry in world

approximately half of the population depend upon
the construction industries directly or indirectly.
It is a backbone of all sectors or maximum
contribution in country economy. But negative
impact of construction site pollution and activities
is big challenging face for all counties like India.

Construction pollution increase the mortality rate

and increases the different types of critical
diseases patient numbers in the country. Different
type’s pollution like air, water, noise, landfill
pollution occurs through the construction process.
Pollutant commonly mix in human daily and
affect the human being also impact on
environment and ecosystem.
Types of pollution cause by construction?

SOIL POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION
 Its impact on Environment
: The accumulated amount of adverse
environmental impacts like waste, noise, dust, and hazardous
emissions still occur during the construction process which cause
serious damages to humans and ecosystems.

: Various natural resources namely

‘‘energy’’, ‘‘land”, ‘‘materials’’ and ‘‘water’’ are used during
the typical construction process. Moreover, several
construction equipment operations involve consumption of
natural resources, such as electricity and/or diesel fuel. The
building industry is responsible for using a high volume of natural
resources and generation a great amount of pollution as a
result of energy consumption during extraction and
transportation of raw materials

: Most construction projects are located in a

densely populated area. Thus, people who live at or close to
construction sites are prone to harmful effects on their health
because of dust, vibration and noise due to certain
construction activities such as excavation
 Survey result

Do you know about What do you think Do you think eco-friendly

construction pollution ? causes construction houses reduce construction
pollution ? pollution ?

13.2
16.7 15
22

24
86.8
37.3 85

Flats Building Small houses None Yes No

yes no
METHODOLOGY
A structured survey with group of people which were connected to the construction industry
was conducted to investigate the frequency and severity of environmental impacts across
construction of residential buildings in Chaheru, Punjab. The interview included two main
sections, section A covered the background and general information of the respondents,
and Section B invited respondents to rate the frequency and severity of the environmental
impacts using the five-point Likert Scale (Table 1).
RISK ANALYSYS

Risk can be assessed and presented, using matrices, by estimating probabilities and consequences in
a qualitative manner or with quantitative values. A risk matrix has been used to rank various risks in
order of importance. A risk matrix is a table that includes several categories of probability, frequency,
or likelihood for its rows (or columns) and several categories of severity, consequences, or impact for its
columns (or rows) as shown in Table 2. Table 2 demonstrates that risk will increase if either probability or
severity rise, or both rise concurrently.
Environmental Risk Assessment Table 3: The Average of Common Environmental impacts Assessments of Construction Processes
SD
SDb
Environmental Impacts FOCa SEVc ILd Priority
(FOC)
(SEV)
Table 3 shows the average of Likert Scales
of respondents’ opinion regarding the frequency Transportation
3.79 0.89 3.36 0.93 12.71
Priority
and severity of the environmental impacts across Resources 1
construction processes of residential buildings as Energy
Priority
well as their associated risk in order of priority, Consumption on 3.24 1.06 3.36 0.87 10.89
4
based on results of interview with the expert Natural Site
panel group. The methodology required ranking Raw Materials
3.25 0.97 3.23 1.01 10.5
Priority
of the environmental impacts, so the score for Resources Consumption 7
each environmental impact could be compared Impact Resource
3.08 0.79 3.1 0.88 9.56
Priority
with each other. Higher scores indicate impacts Deterioration 16
on the environment are worst compared to Electricity
2.86 1.17 3 1.04 8.57
Priority
others. Consumption
Total Impact Level 52.23
19

Priority
Noise pollution 3.67 1.05 3.23 1.09 11.85
2
Dust Generation
Priority
with Construction 3.46 1.2 3.31 1.03 11.45
3
Machinery
Priority
Ecosystem Land pollution 3.36 1.21 3.18 1.17 10.7
6
Impact Waterborne
Suspended Priority
3.11 1.27 3.27 1.1 10.18
Substances such as 8
lead and arsenic
Priority
Air pollution 3.29 1.14 3.08 1.26 10.11
9
 SD
a SDb c
Environmental Impacts FOC SEV ILd Priority
(FOC)
(SEV)
Operations with
Priority
Vegetation 3.23 1.3 3.08 1.16 9.96
10
Removal Site Hygiene Priority
3.25 1.14 3.31 1.03 10.75
Emission of Volatile Condition 5
Organic Compounds Priority
3.3 1.06 3 0.94 9.9 Public
(VOC) and CFC 11 Public Health Priority
Impact 3.14 1.29 3.07 1.14 9.65
Generation of Inert Priority Effects 12
3.3 0.67 2.92 1.08 9.63
Waste 13
Operation with High Priority
Priority Social Disruption 2.77 1.17 2.77 1.09 7.67
Potential Soil 3.2 0.92 3 0.82 9.6 22
14
Erosion
Priority Total Impact Level 28.07
Water pollution 3.27 0.8 2.93 0.96 9.58
15 a
FOC, Frequency of Occurring
Priority b
Waste generation 3.27 1.1 2.83 1.11 9.26 SD., StandardDeviation
17 c
SEV, Severity of the impacts of on the environment or consequences
Priority d
Dust Generation 2.91 0.83 3.17 1.03 9.21 Impact Level
18
Priority
Inert water 3.17 1.19 2.64 1.21 8.35
20
Priority
Chemical Pollution 2.75 1.14 3 1.04 8.25
21
Landscape Priority
2.79 0.89 2.69 0.95 7.5
Alteration 23
Priority
Toxic generation 3.08 1 2.36 1.36 7.29
24
Waterborne Priority
2.64 1.03 2.58 1.08 6.81
Toxicities 25
Green House Gas Priority
2.73 1.19 2.22 1.09 6.06
Emission 26
Total Impact Level 165.69
Methods to Minimise the pollution from construction.

Table 3 reveals that ‘Transportation Resources’ as a subcategory of natural resource has a much greater environment
impact compared with any other subcategories (IL=12.71). This indicates that choosing appropriate and local products and
materials may result in a significant reduction in environmental impact, because the lower rate of fuel will be required to
transport materials.
The second important impact which was identified based on interview’s results is ‘Noise Pollution. Noise control can be
performed at noise source, noise path, or noise receiver. Noise control at source is to select less noisy equipment (e.g. Using
bored piles instead of driven piles). To control the noise along the path, the noise source should be moved far from the
receiver. It also can be performed by construction of a barrier (e.g. wall) between noise source and receiver. The noise
control at receiver could be performed using protective tools such as ear plug or canal cap.
The third important impact which was defined based on the interview’s results is ‘Dust Generation with Construction
Machinery’ (IL=11.45). Some construction activities expose dust which is dangerous for workers’ health. For instance,
sandblasting, grinding, cutting concrete and bricks produce silica, which can result in silicosis and lung cancer in workers
exposed to these. Exhaust ventilation systems, wet dust suppression, use of personal protective equipment are common
ways to reduce dust exposure in the construction industry
It can be seen that ‘Green House Gas Emission’ contributes the smallest portion of total impact (IL=6.06) compared
with any other subcategories and it is followed by ‘Waterborne Toxicities’ (IL=6.81). Even though their shares are small, it
is important to decrease their environmental impacts. There is a potential to decrease their impacts by applying advanced
technologies or changing construction equipment.
CONCLUSION
This study investigated the environmental impacts due to construction
processes in residential building in chaheru in order of their impact levels.
The survey was conducted to determine the frequency and severity of the
environmental impacts in the chaheru, Punjab region. The results
demonstrate that ‘Transportation Resources’, ‘Noise Pollution’, and ‘Dust
Generation with Construction Machinery’ are the most risky environmental
impacts on construction sites in the area.
Among the three environmental impacts, ‘Ecosystem Impacts’ has the
greatest impact on the environment (67.5% of total impacts). ‘Natural
Resources Impact’ accounts for 21%, while ‘Public Impact’ consists of only
11.5%.