9. Reforming of Petroleum: The process of upgrading of low octane number petroleum into high octane number petroleum is known as reforming of petroleum. 10.Saponification: Saponification is a process by which triglycerides are reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide to produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt, called “soap.” 11, Rancidification: Fat and oil when @xposed to warm and moist air for long time, they become Off taste and having offensiVélodour, this process is called rancidification. 12.2witter lon: px Amolecule having a net formal charge of zerop but negative and positive formal charges on individual atoms withinjts structure. 13.Carbohydrate: These are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones or compounds which gives polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketones on hydrolysis. 14.Glycosidic Linkage: - A glycosidic linkage is a covalent bond that joins a carbohydrat@}to another functional group or molecule. 15.Peptide Linkage: A peptide linkage isa chemical-bond formed between two aminoacid when the carboxyl group of one amino/acid réacts with the amine groupiof the other amino acid. é