Indonesian Petroleum Association 2016 Technical Symposium

Indonesia Exploration: “Where From – Where To”

8-10 November 2016

Exploring Indonesia’s Mature Basins:

North Sumatra Carbonates

Lawrence D. Meckel, III (Pluspetrol International)

Mulyono Banukarso (East Continent Energy)

With contributions from

Donald Sim Amalia Setoputri

Michael Gidding Michael Sompie
Ferry Hakim Mayesta Gunarto
Novri Citajaya

Zaratex N.V.
ZARATEX N.V.

10 November 2016
 North Sumatra Basin
SE Asia & NW Australia
Ü

Pattani
Cuu Baram
5 6 Long
19 14
North 17
6 Malay
Sumatra Sarawak/E Natuna
Central
13
Sumatra Kutei 12
South 6
Sumatra Papuan
5
Bonaparte
8
One of 13 basins with UR >5 BBOE. North
3rd largest province in Indonesia. Carnarvon 9
Browse
• >25 trillion cubic feet of gas (= 4.5 BBOE)
• ~1.5 billion barrels of oil + condensate 28
1000 km
• Total discovered resource: ~6.0 billion barrels
0 100 200 400 600 800 1,000
Kilometers

oil equivalent (BBOE)

 NSB : Exploration & Production History
8000 40

7000 35

6000 30

Number of Wells Drilled

5000 $15/MMft3 25
UR (MMBOE)

4000 20

# Wells Drilled $10/MMft3 = $353/MMm3

3000 15
Cum Oil

Cum O&G

2000 Projected Oil 10

$5/MMft3
Projected Oil + Gas

1000 5

0 0
1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

5 wildcat wells in last decade

Year
 Why?
A combination of factors has resulted in relatively
few exploration wells:
• Volatile geopolitical conditions in Aceh over much of the past 3
decades
• Early offshore exploration failure (1970s, 1980s)
• Lack of modern 3D seismic data to define prospects
• Perception that the basin is gas-prone
• Low historical gas prices (ironically, driven by Arun)
 Well Distribution by Area
% of well
Onshore
Lhokseumawe 3D
(2009) Shallow
Water

Floaters

Onshore: 373 (75%)

< 100 m: 91 (18%)
100-300 m: 26 (5%)
> 300 m: 8 (2%)
 Exploration: Where To?
• Offshore, as continuation of prolific, proven, hyper-mature onshore trend
• Only 8 exploration wells total drilled in WD > 300 m (2% of all exploration
wells)
• Key prospects 15-50 km from existing infrastructure
• Robust domestic and regional gas markets with strong sales prices & high
demand
• Reserves potential more than billion BOEs
Tampur Parapat Peutu Keutapang

Baong
PEU C-1

200 m
Basement Structures
 Composite Sections
Plays in the Offshore : NSB
W E

Seurula-Recent Marine Shales Keutapang Marine Shales

Seurula

U Keutapang
Detachment

Baong L Keutapang
Bampo
Syn-Rift
Pre-tertiary
Tampur
r
Baong Shales Bampo Marine Shales Continental Parapat sands/Shales
TWT (ms)

~10km
 Geological Sketch Section
Carbonate Plays in the Shallow Water
Offshore : NSB
 Carbonate Play
• Clearly mappable on 3D seismic datasets
– Multiple episodes of carbonate reef-building on the Bireun High (Tampur,
Cunda, Peutu)
• Good quality carbonate reservoirs are the rule, in the
NSB
– Reefs and buildups occur on all basement highs
– Secondary porosity enhances the likelihood of effective reservoir
• Most prolific play in North Sumatran Basin
− 21 fields > 5 MMBOE UR
− UR ~4600 MMBOE
− P50 field size distribution (@ 5 MMBOE cutoff) ~20 MMBOE
− Significant upside if minimum field size > P50 (large fields are very large)
 Offset Wells: Peusangan B Reef
Peu B-2 Peu B-1 ONS L1-BX

-Peu-B1
Collapse zone
-Peu-B2

- 150m of Peutu reefal facies

- Peutu DST (B-1): 10.3 MMcfd of gas
NW SE
- 877 bpd of condensate
 Offset Wells on Bireun Horst
Facies Diversity

-Peu-C1 -Peu-D1 -Peu-E1

Note : the wells were

drilled before 3D seismic

-Peu-C1

-200m of reefal facies

-Peu-E1
-DST: 2.7 MMcfd of gas -Peu-D1
-20m of wackstone
-Average porosity 16% -Lagoonal facies facies
 Peu-E1
B Subsidence
2 km A B
6 Top Seal (Baong)

5
1 2 3 4 5 6

Patch Reef Shelf-Margin Reef Pinnacle Reef Talus

3
Generic Model in SE Asia (After Sun & Esteban, 1994) Sun & Esteban (1994)

BIREUN HIGH
Bireun High
North Sumatran
Basin Analogues
Same Scale
Arun Field NSO-A Field
UR ~ 4 BBOE UR ~ 350 MMBOE

5 km
 Cucur Carbonate (Jayarani-1)

Hard ground?
Top Peutu

Lagoon

Early stage

Mounded features  older reefs?

Mounded features with chaotic/blank reflectivity interpreted as carbonate reefs.

Parallel and sub parallel reflections interpreted as lagoon and apron facies.
The bright blue indicates hard ground
 SW-NE Section
SW NE

Seal

500 ms
2 km
 Dip Oriented Section
S N

500 ms
2 km
Structure and Thickness
Top Peutu Reef
C.I. = 5m
Max Closure ~ 125m
>200m

Isopach of Early Stage

>200m
Build-Up

>200m

2 km Isopach of Late stage

Build-Up
Source Rock and Migration A A’

Top Bampo
Horizon
Bireun
Deep
Samalanga Bireun
Deep Deep
Bireun Lhok Sukon Deep
High

Thermal Model
Present Day Maturity

NSO A
gas field
Samalanga

Lhoksukon
Deep (Proven)
Deep

Bireun
A Deep A’

Depth Structure
Top Basement

Bireun High
: Proven migration path
: Interpreted migration path Arun gas field
 Evidence for Active Petroleum Systems

Lhok Sukon Deep

Bireun High

Kitchen

Bireun Deep
Kitchen
 CO2 Distribution, North Sumatra
<10
• Risk of CO2>20% is low in NSB and
11-20
lower in Offshore
1
21-30 • Dashed blue circle has a 100-km
8.5
29
31
19 radius, centered on the Bireun High;
31-40

LS average CO2 content is

B 41-50
approximately 17.5%.
20 18 8

• Solid blue circle has a 250-km

0.5
26
15 >50
11
radius; average CO2 content is 19%.
0.5
24 45
33 22 10
11 45
20 14

18
82
64 7

50

4
4

Mean CO2 within 100 km ~ 17.5%

Mean CO2 within 250 km ~ 19%
 Carbonates in the North Sumatran Basin
World class petroleum province, with big fields on
(almost) every horst block

• Reservoir: Reef buildups > 150m proven to exist on every high

– Established in onshore NSB; proven in Shallow water-offshore (Peu B, C; NSO)

• Source: Prolific source rocks known generate hydrocarbons

– Multiple kitchens

• Seal: Thick regional shales are present

• Trap: Mapped clearly on modern 3D seismic

 Conclusions
1. Significant fields have been discovered on every syn-rift horst block in the
NSB but not for offshore area yet
2. The under-explored offshore continuation of the Miocene carbonate build-up
play can be mapped on 3D seismic data
3. Reef buildups > 150m thick are proven to exist on every high , proved by
numerous wells in the onshore and shallow water areas
4. Seeing the potential:
– The basin has a relatively simple petroleum systems story: Build ups with thick top seal;
– Trap, seal, charge, and migration are relatively low risk
– CO2 is a manageable, if not fully predictable, risk.

5. There is lots of space to explore in the offshore, there is possibility of

finding significant reserves of this area is exciting.
Acknowledgements
Zaratex N.V.

Niko Resources Ltd.

BPMIGAS

AAPG

ZARATEX N.V.
THANKS
 Arun Field
1. SE Asia…
• 2nd largest petroleum discovery (2nd largest gas field) through 1971
• 4th largest discovery (4th largest gas field) ever
2. Globally…
• 35th largest gas field through 1971
• 73rd largest gas field ever

3. Excl. Middle East & Former Soviet Union…

• 31st largest discovery (10th largest gas field) through 1971
• 60th largest discovery (21st largest gas field) ever

4. Asia/Oceania…
• 7th largest petroleum discovery (3rd largest gas field) through 1971
• 13th largest discovery (9th largest gas field) ever
 Creaming Curve
SE Asia Carbonate Play
20000

18000 2000-2001
1995-1997
16000

1990-1992 Malampaya
14000
Jintan
1980-1981 >500 MMBOE
12000 250-500 MMBOE
100-250 MMBOE
10000 F23 N SUMATRA
1973
S SUMATRA
1965: Use of modern floating rigs opens Central Luconia province
8000 Arun 1967: Modern digital seismic W JAVA
1968-1975: Offshore drilling, esp. Central Luconia
1969: Central Luconia (F-06) E JAVA
1970-1971: Central Luconia (K-05); N Sumatra (Arun)
6000 1973: Central Luconia (F-23) C LUCONIA
1980-81: Central Luconia; many pinnacle reefs confirmed N Sumatra
1970-1971 1990s: standard 3D seismic acquisition (long cables, pre-stack) NW PALAWAN
K5 1990-1992: NW Palawan (Malampaya); Central Luconia
4000 (Jintan); North Sumatra (...)
1995-1997: South Sumatra (many small discoveries)
2000-2001: E. Java
2000

1969
0 F6