KHOA HOC - CoNG NGHE
H*1 qua sif dung phu gia sieu deo tron
be tong xi mang dung hon hyp cat nghien va
w
cat min nhien tai khu vuc Bong Nam ba)
Tom tat: Cat nghien la mejt giai phap kha thi
de khic phyc ssr thi6u hyt cua cat tot nhien. Tuy
nhien, khi sa'dyng cat nghien da anh Wang xiu
din tinh cong tac va hoar; thin ctia be tong xi
mang (BTXM). Bai bao danh gia hi6u qua kinh
ti - kji thuOt cua BTXM dOng hon hqp cat nghien
va cat min AI nhien c6 so' dyng phy gia sieu deo.
Cac kit qua nghien cau due ra du'qc lqi ich cua
b6 tong clang lion hqp cat CO dyng phy gia
sieu deo la giam luqng nudc va luqng dung xi
mang, Bong thai giam gia thanh xay difng cong
trinh.
Tit khoa: Phy gia slat, deo, cat nghien, cat
min tv nhien.
Abstract: Manufactured sand is a viable
solution to overcome the shortage of natural
sand. However, when using the manufactured
sand, an adversely effect will occur during the
workability and finishing of cement concrete.
This paper evaluates economic - techniques
efficiency of cement concrete that contains
the mixture of manufactured sand and natural
fine sand using the superplasticizer. The
experimental research results show that the
benefits of concrete made of the sand mixture
and superplasticizer will reduce water content
and cement as well as the construction cost.
Keywords: Superplasticizer, manufactured
sand, natural fine sand.
1. Det van de
Cat nghien c6 tinh nharn be mat Ion, hinh
Bang hat goc canh va Idcing hat min cao (cd hat
< 0,075mm), nen khi sit dyng cat nghien lam cho
dO sut va tinh hoan thien be mat cua BTXM kern
[4]. Vdi nhung ly do nay, cat nghien co nhOng khO
khan nhgt dinh trong san xugt be tong.
Khi sit dyng cat nghi6n san xugt BTXM se
lam giam kha nang thi cong. Ngay Ca mau cat
nghien tot nhgt cOng cho tinh cong tac kem hcin
SO 6/2015
a
■TS. NGUYEN £01.1C TRQNG
Twang Dal hoc Giao th6ng van tai
so vdi sit dyng cat ty nhien [4],[5]. Cat nghi6n CO
be mat nharn va gOc canh hcin cat W nhien nen
anh huong den kha nang thi cong c6a be tong
nhiing di6u nay c6 the khgc phyc bang cach sif
dung them met ham Wong hop ly cat ty nhien va
phy gia sieu deo.
Mat khac, theo quy dinh hien hanh thi luting
xi mang sit dyng trong BTXM lam mat dt.idng o to
to 300 ± 400kg/m3 [1]. Vi the, de darn bao cac tinh
chat cd hoc tot, giam luting nudc va Wing xi mang
yeu cgu ma van duy tri de syt tot cita be tong
dung hon hop cat nghign va cat min NI nhien thi
viac sit dyng phy gia sieu deo la can thiat.
Nei dung chinh de cap trong bai bao la nghien
cdu thdc nghiam de' danh gia hiau qua ye kinh to
- k9 thuat cua BTXM co sir dung phy gia sieu deo
dung hOn hop cat nghien va cat min to nhien da
san xugt BTXM.
2. Nghien cdu thkic nghiem
2.1. Tinh chit &Le cac vat lieu srI dyng chi
tao BTXM
Da: Sit dyng loai da 5x2Omm ddoc lay to mo
da I-16a An c6 cac chi Wei' dat yeu cau cua TCVN
7570-2006; de hitt nudc: 0,4%, kh6i luting the tich
x6p: 1,462g/cm3, khoi luting rieng: 2,79 g/cm3,
curing de da g6c: 139,7MPa, he s6 hea mem: 0,92,
ham IdOng chung bui, bun, set chiem: 0,6%.
Xi mang: Sit dyng xi mang Holcim PCB40 co
curing de nen tuOi 28 ngay la 44,2MPa, kh6i Irgng
rieng: 3,09 g/cm3, nudc tieu chugn: 29,0%.
Cat: Hien nay, 6 khu vdc DOng Nam be, nguort
cat nghign ch6 yeu duoc san xugt to ma (Id I-16a
An, cac m6 khac tam dung khai that hoac kh6i
'Ong kh6ng dang ka. Nghien cdu nay sit dung
cot lieu nho la cat hon hop &roc ph6i tren tii 60%
cat nghign Hea An co ma dun do Idn la 3,72 yeti
40% cat min Tan Chau co ma dun de Idn la 1,45.
Theo kat qua nghien cdu, khi ILIOng cat nghien
chiam 60% thi cho hon hqp cat cd cac chi tieu cd
ly ph0 Yid') voi tieu chugn hien hanh dung lam cot
lieu nhe de san xugt BTXM [3].
43
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE

Bang 2.1. Kat qua meit s6 chi Wu co' ly cat

DO sUt 28 ngiy tutu
nghien to mo da H6a An [3) SIT 10 hien -until
min
(°m) An (MPa) An (Ws) E (MPs)
Ten chi nen thir nghiem Don vj Phnom phip MO Kit qui I V M30 thong co R4 3,9 35.9 4,53 3,508104
1-Kheti Wong the Lich xip: g/cm, TCVN 7572-6:2006 1,665 2 WM30 ghim 10% XM+ R4 4,2 41,4 4,87 3,74810'
2-K1161 luong rieng Wee TCVN 7572-4:2006 2,782 3 III/ M30 c6 R4, khong slim XM 3,6 48,6 5,63 4,01•104
3-Him hong tap chit hitu co to miu TCVN 7572-9:2006 4 IV/ M36 khOng co R4 3,8 45,1 5,31 3,858104
Ngang mkt chuAn
5 V/ M36 giim 10% XM,114 3,9 52,2 5,76 4,12810'
4-Him prong bui biln set % TCVN 7572-8:2006 2,52
6 VI/ M36 c.6 R4, khOng Om XM 3,4 57,1 6,03 4,28x104
5-M6 6m de lan TCVN 7572-2:2006 3,72
Bang 2.3. Ket qua till nghiem Sn, Rn, Ru va E
(Ghi chO: CP 60/40 la ctip phoi ph6itrOn 60% cat nghidn vá 40% cat min) cua BTXM khi dung hon hqp cat nghien va cat ty
0 nhien c6 sudung phogia sieu deo Sika-R4 (R49
10 2.3.2. Danh gia ye firth chit va gia thanh cua
20 • .-.• - tang at yds
be tong
1311 -IP - VAN; el1 %ea - Tinh chit cua be tong tudi: Khi sit dung phy
\ Ill
411'3° ,, \ • --1-aft xay 100% gia Sika - R4 vdi lieu luong 1 lit/100kRxi mang vao
° 40
2 -1*--Cir 50/50 trong be tong dung hon hop cat nghien va cat min
\ \
:50 • -at-1R 60/40 tiff nhiOn thi dO syt cua BTXM Wang to so yeti khi
IS.
•
• aft tlr nhien 100% kh6ng sit dyng phy gia nhUng giam duoc (16,6 +
6°
70
• 17,2) % nudc. Sac brat, lam cham qua trinh dOng
I ‘
t
kat va duy tri ditdc dO skit cua BTXM trong qua
g0 Il
I •
.... . trinh thi cong.
90 U. .
..„, CO sing (mm)
- Tinh chit cua be tong citing cVng:
100 ._...., + Ti1 cac s6 lieu thkic nghiem;thigt lap dildc
0,140,3150,63 1,25 2,5 4,75 5,0 mai quan he giiia cuffing dO keo u6n, mO dun dan
h6i va citing dO chiu nen cua BTXM khi dung hOn
Hinh 2.1: Bigu do thanh ph an hat cua &In hop cat nghien va cat min ty nhien CO sit dung
hqp cat khi phOi tren cat nghien va cat min phu gia sieu deo:
of nhien
+R,=0,4136R„213 ;12 2 = 0,9604
Nuec: Niidc sit dung cho be tong la nuac
sach, dat tieu chudn TCVN 4506 : 2012. + E = 7887,2/C2' ;R2 = 0,9995
2.2. Thanh phan cac 1°0 be tong the tao va =CAW' Mune'
mau thi nghiem 12.03014
=
e eeeP,

- Tinh toan thanh phan cap ph6i BTXM co su 1111.11.11112=

dung h6n hOp cat nghien va cat min theo TCXDVN 11.1.111
MIPZIM■■
322:2004 cc!) along dO chiu nen 30 MPa, 36MPa. G/1111•11111•1111■
■ MIII=11
- Xac dinh thanh phan cap ph6i BTXM loai 30 ■■■•1=

MPa, 36MPa sit dung h6n hqp cat nghi6n va cat Sea
%PPP
sso eeo 0
pp,
0 eoe

min ty nhien cd dung phy gia sieu deo (Sika-R4).

Nghien citu nay chi de cap dan !Ong phy gia su Hinh 2.2, Hinh 2.3: Mdi quan he gifia cueing
de keo u6n, mo-dun dan heti khi nen tinh va
dung trong be tong la llit/100kg xi mang.
cueing eiej chiu nen cua cac lopi BTXM khi dung
Bang 2.2. Thanh phan cap phdi BTXM dung hon hqp cat c6 se( dyng phy gia R4
hart hqp cat nghien va cat ti nhien CO set dyng + Ty s6 giCia Wang dO chiu keo u6n va Wong
phy gia sieu deo Sika - R4 di) chiu nen cua be tong dung h6n hqp cat ca sit
dyng phy gia Sika-R4, Ru/Rn= 0,106 + 0,118.
30 Cat Cit Si km-
STT K1 bleu - ten th mitt
Nabo ming nshia, min 13i R4 + Tit kat qua nghien ci3u CO the xac dinh
040
(kg) OW Om)
(kg)
(110 aiding dO chiu keo u6n va m6-dun dan hoi cua
1 V M30 khong c6 R4 203 372 475 316 1084 0 BTXM khi dung hOn hqp cat nghien va cat min %I
2 II/ M30 giim 10% X1,4+ R4 168 335 524 350 1123 3,35 nhien CO sii dung phy gia Sika-R4 nau (plat dildc
3 IIV M30 66 R4, khOng giian XM 169 372 508 338 1114 3,72
4 IV/ M36 khong co R4 205 467 440
tY la nUdc/ximang (N/XM) hoc luong xi mang
294 1052 0
5 V/ M36 gitim 10% XM+ R4 170 420 487 324 1101 4,20 (XM) trong h6n hqp be tong.
6 VI/ 1436 c6 R4, khong air= XM 171 467 468 312 1089 4,67
• R,, = 3,28(-)
N
R2 = 0,8471;E = 28602(- = 0,9505
JAI XM
• =o,1639xte3",x 2 .0,848;E = 4052331",112 = 0,951
2.3. Kat qua thvc nghiem va the' o luen
2.3.1. Kit qua thVc nghiem ■
6° ■ MMEMI=■
Moi cap phoi be tong difOc ch6 tao 12 mau am MININ=1=1/risr=
.. INIMIN■■••1•1•1
lang try d6 xac dinh cUdng dO keo u6n (Ru) va m6 MI=W■■
■ r.••■■
dun dan hal (E), 6 mau lap phuang xac dinh ■ Iltir■■
along dO chiu non (Rn). Tong Ong co tat ca 108 311118
1111“
mau BTXM duct duc, brio &tang va thii nghiem ▪ It PP 60
urtper■ MAPP001.
tai Phang Thi nghiem thuOc Lien hiep Khoa hoc
Dia chat N6n mang - Vat lieu xay dyng. Hinh 2.4, Hinh 2.5: Moi quan he giCia cueing
Kat qua thi nghiem dO syt, Wang dO chiu nen, de ice(' u6n, mo-dun danhei khi nen tinh cua
curing dO chiu keo u6n va m6 dun dan h6i a tu6i cac logi BTXM khi clang hon hqp cat c6 au dyng
28 ngay cua BTXM flint Bang 2.3. phy gia R4 va Wong xi mang

44
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE
+ Tiff cac bieu thiic trail nhan thay: Wang do
chiu keo din dm be tong dung hon Nip cat co silt dung
phy gia sieu deo trong to vai khi khong dung phy gia
thi ling xi mang silt dung Ian Wit la 300kg/m3 - doff vdi
loaf be tong 30MPa va 380kg/m3- d61 voi loaf be tong
36MPa (tiKing an9 mac de giam xi mang la 18%).
- So sanh ve gia thanh ca a be tong: Chi phi
vat to (chaa bao gem thug gia tri gia tang) cilia
BTXM cueing do nen 30MPa va 36MPa khi dung
h6n hip cat c6 sit dung phu gia sieu deo re hon
so vdi khi kh6ng sii dung phy gia sieu deo Ian ladt
la 51.149 (long va 55.318 (long cho 1m3 be tong
(do net kiem dadc lacing xi mang nhung dam bao
cho be tong c6 cueing de tucing &icing).
3. Kdt Wan
- Do tinh gOc canh cua cat nghi6n nen viec
su dyng them met ham lacing cat to nhien troll
canh va dung phy gia sieu deo vdi t9 le phO hip
a cal thien met s6 tinh chat cua be tong khi co
sif dung cat nghien la can thiet. Si dung h6n hip
cat nghi6n va cat min to nhien khong nhcfng nang
cao chat lacing cho san pham BTXM ma con tan
dyng thidc nquon vet lieu dia phticing gia re. Khi
sii dyng phy gia sieu deo trong be tong dung h6n
hip cat thi dO sit cua be tong dam bao yeu cau,
keo dai thdi gian ninh kat cua xi mang, tao thuan
'di cho cong tac hoan thien; deing thdi giam dadc
khoang 18% xi mang so vdi khi khong dung phy
gia sieu deo.
- M6i quan he gilla cuffing do keo uon, m6-
dun dan h6i va cueing de chiu nen cOa BTXM khi
sit dung h6n hip cat nghi6n - cat min to nhien va
phy gia sieu deo nha sau:
TINE TOAN SfIC CHIU TAI...
(Tigp theo trang 48)
xet:Siic chiu tai ckic han thanh coc giam
36% trong twang hop sa dung coc khoan nhoi va
30% trong taking hop sir dung coo Barrette. D6i
vdi sac chiu tai cua CQC thi sa suy giam la 13%
trong tradng hip sa dung coc khoan nh6i va 10%
trong trudng hop sii dung coc Barrette.
4. Kdt Van
Hien tacing h6a long det nen c6 the xay ra khi
dat cat bao flea co sa gia tang alp nadc 16 rOng
dot nget do tai trong Ong dat gay ra. Floa !Ong
lam cho dat nen mat kha nang chiu tai trong (long
thdi anh haOng den sac chiu tai cua cac kat cau
trong dat nha mong coc, hiding than
Co nhieu phuong phap danh gia kha nang
xay ra hoa !Ong dal nen nhu phudng phap dya
tren kha nang ch6ng cat cua dat nen, phadng
phap dija tren thanh phan hat va chi so SPT cua
dat nen. Trong thac to thiet kg thtiong sa dung
phiking phap thac hanh danh gia Si,! h6a long cOa
Tat nen daa tren chi s6 SPT.
Sac chiu tai cua mOng coc khi den sa h6a
long cua dat nen daa tren vi du tinh toan giam
dang ka so vdi khi kh6ng ka den su h6a !Ong cua
dat nen. Do vay, khi thiet ke cac cong trinh tren
m6ng coc co kb' den citing dat, can nghien cau
SO 6/2015
- Khi co silt dung phy gia sieu deo the tao
BTXM dung hOn Nip cat cho BTXM cc') cac clac tinh
k9 thuat dat yeu cau can thiet nhiing net kiem duldc
lacing xi mang clang ke, gop phan Om chi phi mua
vat to va ha gia thanh xay dung cong trinh ❑
Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. Be GTVT (2012), Quy dinh tam thai ve
ky thuat thi cling va nghiem thu mat dUbng BTXM
trong xay dUng cong trinh giao th6ng, kern theo
quyet dinh s6 1951/QD-BGTVT, Viet Nam.
[2]. BO Xay dang (2004), TCXDVN 322:2004 -
Chi dan 19% thuat char, thanh phan be tong silt dung
cat nghien, Viet Nam.
[3]. Nguyen Dac Trong (4/2012), Danh gia
chit ling cat xay (Vac san xuit to cac m6 da
khac nhau a khu vIc D6ng Nam bb va kien nghl
giai phap ser dung cat xay trong san xuit BTXM,
Tap chi Cau dating Viet Nam.
[4]. Mark James Krinke (October, 2004),
The effect of admixtures in concrete containing
manufactured sand, University of Southern
Queensland, Australia.
[5]. David W. Fowler (October 15, 2008), The
University of Texas at Austin, Federal Highway
Administration Research Project, the University of
Texas at Austin.
Ngay nhan bai: 02/4/2015
Ngay chip nhan clang: 20/4/2015
Ngutli phan bien: TS. Nguydn Thanh Sang
PGS. TS. Le Van Bach
kha nang xay ra h6a long cua dat nen dam
bao an toan ❑
Tai lieu tham MIA°
[1]. Ahmed Y. Elghazouli (2009), Seimic Design
of Buildings to Eurocode 8, Spon Press, London and
New York, first edition.
[2]. Japan Road Asociation (1996), Standard
Specification for Highway Bridge, Vol.1 - Earthquake
Proof Design.
[3]. Seed H.B., and Idriss I.M. (1971), Simplified
procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential,
J.Geotech. Engng 97(8): 1249-1273.
[4]. Pyke, R., Chan, C.K., and Seed, H.B., (1974),
Settlement and Liquefaction of Sands Under Multi-
directional Shaking, Earthquake Engineering Research
Center, Report No. EERC 74-2, Berkeley CA.
[5]. TCVN 9386:2012, Thiit kg cong trinh chiu
clang dit, Tieu chugn qu6c gia.
[6]. TCVN 205:1998, M6ng coc - Tieu chum
thiet ki, Tieu chuan qu6c gia.
[7]. Tran Van Viet (2008), Cgm nang danh cho
ky" su'dia ky thuat, NXB. Xay dung.
Ngay nhan bai: 02/3/2015
Ngay chip nhan ding: 28/4/2015
Ngutti phan Wen: IS. Ld Anh Turin
PGS. TS. Nguyin Tri Ta