Lebanon

Acknowledgments
The (I)NDC Content Briefs were produced by the Climate Policy
Team of the World Bank Climate Change Group. The team was led
by Sebastian Wienges and Ana Bucher under the supervision of
Stephen Alan Hammer. Detail analysis of country (I)NDC was
provided by Tom Witt, Jiawei Song, Karan Chouksey (mitigation

components), Yin Qiu, Yunziyi Lang, and Prajwal Baral (adaptation

components). The team is grateful for all comments and
suggestions received from regional and sector specialists

regarding the presentation and synthesis of relevant information.

© 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 
1818 H Street NW 
Washington DC 20433, U.S.A. 
Internet: www.worldbank.org

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Introduction
      In response to a growing interest in understanding (Intended) Nationally Determined
Contributions ((I)NDCs) and with regard to the ultimate goal of supporting countries'
implementation of their national climate targets, the World Bank Climate Policy Team (WB­CPT) has
reviewed all developing countries (I)NDCs' submitted to the UNFCCC. The (I)NDC Content Brief
aims to provide a summary analysis of existing and instead country mitigation and adaptation
policies and plans, commitments and targets, implementation strategies and sector priorities,
associated costs and conditionalities, and stated gaps and needs, among other issues. 

      The (I)NDC content briefs are created solely on the basis of information from submitted
(I)NDCs and makes no inferences about robustness, quality, or viability of intended policies
or actions. 

The (I)NDCs review will help implementing organizations like the World Bank Group (WBG) identify
and familiarize with a range of country priorities in terms of sectoral engagement, and needs in
terms of capacity building, technology transfer, and financing. Based on this comprehensive
mapping exercise, the WBG will develop a useful, easy­to­use, and interactive database and briefs
of all (I)NDCs to inform a wide range of WBG initiatives and client engagement processes, including
the development of Systematic Country Diagnostics (SCDs) and Country Partnership Frameworks
(CPFs), and at a later stage respond to the more specific requests from all WBG Global Practices
(GPs), regions, and country units for the identification of potential development opportunities,
analytical studies and technical assistance to support countries' implementation of planned policies
and actions. In­depth summaries of (I)NDCs by sectors and regions will be prepared at a later stage. 

      In regards to Adaptation, although no global adaptation mechanism is established, the Paris
Agreement parties are required to engage in adaptation planning and implementation of actions
which include preparation of adaptation plans. The Adaptation section of a large number of
submitted (I)NDCs, aims to increase development planning and scale the ability of countries to
adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse
gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten sustainable development. In
addition to requested finance, the implementation of country commitments is largely tied to
significant amounts of external assistance to support development and execution of adaptation
plans. Although subsequent (I)NDCs are not explicitly required to have an adaptation component,
the process will ensure increased resilience is recognized under the UNFCCC and climate finance
mobilization is enhanced with an aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and mitigation flows.

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Table of Contents
I | Overall Planning and Preparation Process 

II  | Mitigation

  Economy­wide Targets

  Economy­wide Policies

  Mitigation Actions and Policies

III  | Adaptation

  Adaptation Targets

  Adaptation Context

  Adaptation Actions and Policies

Acronyms

BAU Business as Usual NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation

Actions

CIF­PPCR Climate Investment Funds ­ Pilot NAP National Adaptation Plan

Program for Climate Resilience

DRM Disaster Risk Management NAPA National Adaptation Programmes

of Action

INDC Intended Nationally Determined REDD+ Reducing emissions from

Contributions deforestation and forest
degradation and the role of
conservation, sustainable
management of forests and
enhancement of forest carbon
stocks in developing countries

LEDS Low Emission Development LULUCF Land Use and Land Use Change

Strategy and Forestry

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Overall Planning and

Preparation Process

N/A
(

$
in Billion USD)
TOTAL COST OF
IMPLEMENTATION
a
(mitig tion and adaptation)

How reliable is the prioritization of the (I)NDC? How serious is the

government about implementing policies and actions to achieve the (I)NDC
targets?
Political decision of adoption of INDC at:
Head of state level
Interministerial level
Parliament
Ministry Level

Technical development of INDC through a participatory process

Stakeholder involvement
Multisector commision YES

Have development benefits been assessed and considered in the planning

process?

Are there climate policies and actions already in place/under development?

LEDS
NAMAS
NAPA

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Existing policies:
National Sustainable Development Strategy
Second National Communication

Has the INDC development been supported by a development partner?

Technical support
Financial support

Implementation Plans and Needs

Specific requests for international provision of means of implementation:
Technology Transfer YES
Financial support YES
Capacity Building YES

Does the INDC intend the private sector to be involved in the

implementation of the NDC?

Are carbon pricing/international market mechanisms intended?

YES

Are there any barriers identified?

Link list:
• Lebanon INDC Factsheet (projected per capita emissions): 
http://www.climate­energy­college.net/files/site1/factsheets/Lebanon_INDCFactsheet_UoM­PRIMAP_GWPAR4.pdf 

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Mitigation
ECONOMY-WIDE TARGETS

TARGET YEAR

2030
TARGET TYPE
-30%
N/A
Relative Emission Reduction
Compared to BAU (%)
(in Billion USD)
COST OF
IMPLEMENTATION

Conditionality: INDC page link

Unconditional part of mitigation target: -15%
Estimated costs for implementation:
n/a
Conditional part of mitigation target: additional -15%
Estimated costs for implementation:
n/a

Coverage of Gases: CO 2, CH 4, N 2O
Other Targets:

POLICIES:

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MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

RENEWABLE
Targets: INDC page link
ENERGY
20% of the power and heat demand from renewables by 2030 P. 8
Estimated total costs for implementation: n/a
Capacity building needs: n/a
Technology needs: n/a
Unconditional part of mitigation target: 15% of the power and heat demand from
renewables by 2030
Estimated costs for implementation: n/a
Conditional part of mitigation target: Additional 5% of the power and heat demand
from renewables by 2030
Estimated costs for implementation: n/a
Emission reduction potential: n/a

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MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

ENERGY
Targets: INDC page link
EFFICIENCY
-10% in power demand through energy-efficiency measures in 2030 below

BAU P. 8
Estimated total costs for implementation: n/a
Capacity building needs: n/a
Technology needs: n/a
3% reduction in power demand through
Unconditional part of mitigation target: energy-efficiency measures in 2030 below
BAU
Estimated costs for implementation: n/a
Additional 7% reduction in power demand
Conditional part of mitigation target: through energy-efficiency measures in 2030
below BAU
Estimated costs for implementation: n/a
Emission reduction potential: n/a

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MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

INDUSTRIES Plans:
Industries: General   P. 9

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MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

WASTE Plans:
Waste: General

Climate Policy Team World Bank Group

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MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

AGRICULTURE Plans:
Agriculture: General   P. 9

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MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

LULUCF/FORESTRY Plans:
LULUCF/Forestry: General   P. 9

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Adaptation
ADAPTATION TARGETS

TARGET YEAR
N/A
2030 (in Billion USD)
COST OF
IMPLEMENTATION

ADAPTATION CONTEXT
Existing National Development/Resilience Policies and Plans
National Communications SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
NAPs
NAPAS
CIF-PPCRs
Sectoral Strategies
NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE
Cross-cutting DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Conditionality:
Unconditional part of adaptation implementation N/A
Conditional part of adaptation implementation N/A
Conditional upon international provision of means YES
of implementation

Climate Policy Team World Bank Group

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ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

ENVIRONMENT Policy: INDC page link

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2015 (Draft)

Actions:
ECOSYSTEM AND CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link
BIODIVERSITY
Conducting needs assessment and defining pilot national monitoring
sites and species. Coastal zones are considered a priority; P. 4
Designing and implementing pilot action plans.

Funder n/a
Implementing Agency n/a
Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional
Actions: n/a
Total Implementation Cost for Conditional
Actions: n/a

Implementation Needs:
Technology Transfer:
Capacity Building: n/a

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ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

LULUCF/FORESTRY
Target: INDC page link
P. 4
Lebanon aims to reach land degradation neutrality by 2030.
Policy: INDC page link
SUSTAINABLE
FOREST National Forest Plan, 2015
MANAGEMENT Ministry of Agriculture Strategy, 2015
Actions:
CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link
National Forest Programme: raising tree nurseries’ productivity, planting of
trees, implementing the forest fire fighting strategy, applying forest P. 4
integrated pest management.

Funder n/a
Implementing Agency n/a
Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional
Actions: n/a
Total Implementation Cost for Conditional
Actions: n/a

Implementation Needs:
Technology Transfer:
Capacity Building: n/a

Climate Policy Team World Bank Group

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ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

AGRICULTURE Policy: INDC page link

National Forest Plan, NFP, 2015 and Ministry of Agriculture Strategy, 2015
Actions:
FOOD SECURITY CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link
Promoting Good Agricultural Practices through the support of organic
farming and obtaining quality certificates. P. 4

Funder n/a
Implementing Agency n/a
Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional
Actions: n/a
Total Implementation Cost for Conditional
Actions: n/a

Implementation Needs:
Technology Transfer:
Capacity Building: n/a

Climate Policy Team World Bank Group

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ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

IRRIGATION Actions:
CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link
Rehabilitating irrigation canals.
P. 4

Funder n/a
Implementing Agency n/a
Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional
Actions: n/a
Total Implementation Cost for Conditional
Actions: n/a

Implementation Needs:
Technology Transfer:
Capacity Building: n/a

Climate Policy Team World Bank Group

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ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

CLIMATE SMART Actions:
AGRICULTURE
CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link
Developing an early warning system for agricultural pests and climatic
conditions. P. 4

Funder n/a
Implementing Agency n/a
Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional
Actions: n/a
Total Implementation Cost for Conditional
Actions: n/a

Implementation Needs:
Technology Transfer:
Capacity Building: n/a

Climate Policy Team World Bank Group

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ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

WATER Policy: INDC page link

National Water Sector Strategy, 2012

Actions:
WATER CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link
MANAGEMENT
Improving water security such as through increasing artificial recharge of
groundwater aquifers and increasing surface storage dams and hill lakes; P. 4
Optimizing the use of the current water resources through the
rehabilitation of the existing network and the installation of water meters.
Funder n/a
Implementing Agency n/a
Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional
Actions: n/a
Total Implementation Cost for Conditional
Actions: n/a

Implementation Needs:
Technology Transfer:
Capacity Building: n/a

Climate Policy Team World Bank Group

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ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

WATER EFFICIENCY Policy: INDC page link

National Water Sector Strategy, 2012

Actions:
CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link
Improving water efficiency and decrease water loss in irrigation.
P. 4

Funder n/a
Implementing Agency n/a
Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional
Actions: n/a
Total Implementation Cost for Conditional
Actions: n/a

Implementation Needs:
Technology Transfer:
Capacity Building: n/a

Climate Policy Team World Bank Group

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ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

WASTEWATER Policy: INDC page link
TREATMENT
National Water Sector Strategy, 2012
Actions:
CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link
Increasing wastewater collection and treatment.
P. 4

Funder n/a
Implementing Agency n/a
Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional
Actions: n/a
Total Implementation Cost for Conditional
Actions: n/a

Implementation Needs:
Technology Transfer:
Capacity Building: n/a

Climate Policy Team World Bank Group

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ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

WATER Policy: INDC page link
CONSERVATION
AND REUSE National Water Sector Strategy, 2012
Actions:
CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link
Increasing water reuse.
P. 4

Funder n/a
Implementing Agency n/a
Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional
Actions: n/a
Total Implementation Cost for Conditional
Actions: n/a

Implementation Needs:
Technology Transfer:
Capacity Building: n/a

Climate Policy Team World Bank Group

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