Escolar Documentos
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ISSN 1990-9233
© IDOSI Publications, 2012
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2012.12.8.3333
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Mahabad Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: Nowadays, due to development of hydraulic structures such as dams, the durability issue of concrete
is very important parameter of hydraulic structures. The key issue in this regard is the concrete resistance
against abrasion which is related to water and cement and the crystalline formation of the particles in concrete.
To enhance the abrasion resistance of concrete, various issues have been proposed by number of
investigators. Those include use of aggregates which are resistance against abrasion, reduce the water and
cement ratio, use of micro and nano-silica in concrete and proper curing time for the concrete. In this
investigation, concrete cubic sample size of ( 15×15×15 cm3) were prepared with different combination of
nano-silica samples and variable water and cement ratio. The sample compressive strength was examined at the
curing time of 7, 28 and 91 days. The aim of present paper was to investigate the importance water and cement
ratio on compressive strength and abrasion resistant of micro silica in the concrete.
Key words: Compressive strength Abrasion resistance Micro and nanosilica Water and cement ratio
Corresponding Author: Kamal Rahmani, Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University,
Mahabad Branch Mahabad, Iran.
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The improved compressive strength of concrete was Tests Performed on Samples: Concrete samples were
obtained with 15-20% rice husk ash replacement in made of 7.5% of micro silica with water and cement ratio
concrete [8]. of 0.33, 0.36, 0.40, 0.44 and 0.50. Other characteristics were
Effect of micro and nano-particles of SiO2 on concrete kept constant in all samples.
strength has been investigated. It has been reported in
literature [9] that the concrete physical properties The following tests were conducted on concrete samples:
significantly improved for the specimens contained micro
or nano-silica. Compressive strength of cubic samples
It is well known that nano-SiO2 significantly improved (15×15×15cm3) for 7, 28 and 91 days of curing were
the strength of concrete. Also it was found that nano- determined.
silica not only act as filler but activates the pozzolanic Abrasion resistances of cubic samples (15×15×15cm3)
reactivity of the concrete [10]. at the curing time of 28 days through aqueous send
The dehydration heat of nano-SiO2 fly ash cement spraying method (Water Sand Blast) were defined.
was compared with pure cement. High volume fly ash was
related to high concrete strength. After 3 days of curing Micro Silica Concrete Mixture Design: The following
of the concrete sample, the pore size distribution was assumptions were considered during the design:
improved [11]. The above concept clearly declare that
water and cement ratio may be influential for the Samples slump were in the range of 60-100 mm.
compressive strength of concrete. Aggregates were not broken.
The effect of water and cement has been investigated Maximum grain diameter was 30 mm.
by other researcher [12]. It was reported that concrete Ordinary Portland cement (Type 1) was used.
For all samples the amount of micro silica was
mixture having 0.35 water/ binder ratio and silica
constant about 7.5% of weights were replaced with
replacement ranged 0-15% were important parameter in
cement.
improvement of concrete compressive strength [13, 14].
Abrasion resistance of cubic sample for 28 days was
Replacement of cement by silica fume has increased
35Mpa.
the presence of calcium silicate hydrate; that would
The water and cement ratio was varied; it was ranged
increase the strength of concrete. Besides that nano-silica
0.33-0.5.
is able significantly improve the durability of concrete
In order to achieve a good performance, MELCRET
[15].
TB101 lubricant was used.
Nazari [16] has utilized TiO2 nano-particles with 2%
partial replacement of cement. He found that TiO2 has
Compressive Strength Test: The following results were
improved the pozzolanic action and also improved the
obtained from experimental data analysis:
concrete strength with respect to curing media of water.
The effect of nano-silica particle size on mechanical Maximum Compressive Strength was related to the
properties of blended concrete, flexural and tensile sample with curing of 7, 28 and 91 days; water and
strength of concrete has been investigated by number of cement ratio of 0.33.
research scientists [17-25]. The percentage of replacement Minimum Compressive Strength was related to the
with cement was up to 2%. After 90 days curing, they sample with 7, 28 and 91 days of curing; water and
have found nano-particle size of 15 nm had higher cement ratio of 0.5.
strength than other sample with particle size of 80 nm [17]. About 68% Compressive Strength was achieved
It was found that the filling properties of nano-silica were within the first 7days.
more effective than other influential parameters such as About 75% Compressive Strength was achieved
silica. within the first 28 days.
The purpose of present investigation is to apply Minimum growth of 7 to 28-day compressive strength
the desired composition of silica in concrete was related to the sample with 0.50 of water and
specimens and to evaluate compressive strength of cement ratio.
sample with variation of water and cement ratio in a Maximum growth of 7 to 28-day compressive
defined range. The improvements were determined and strength was related to the sample with 0.33 of water
reported. and cement ratio.
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Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 12 (8): 1056-1061, 2012
The development of compressive strength for all To increase in water and cement ratio from 0.33
samples from 28 to 91 days was almost the same. to 0.50, abrasion depth slope gradually
The overall shapes of the curves were almost decreases. This can be related to the two-phase
identical for 7, 28 and 91 days of curing time. nature of concrete. When water-cement ratio
By increasing the water and cement ratio, increases the abrasion strength will decrease,
compressive strength curves for 7-days and 28-days but the abrasion strength of concrete will tend to
become closer to each others. the abrasion strength of aggregates.
The Abrasion Strength Test: The test was performed on The graphical presentation of data shows that curve
samples through following steps: is concave downward and has a maximum value
water-cement ratio from 0.33 to 0.50.
The granulated silica sand (as it passes the sieve no. A reverse in depth abrasion versus water and cement
20 and remains on the sieve no. 30) was disembogued ratio is illustrated. Because depth abrasion and
in to tank sands and then put the suction tube into it. abrasion strength are inversely related. So, with
The device was regulated on 120 atm. increase in water-cement ratio, the abrasion strength
Put the sample in the box and set the spray distance will decrease.
in 80 mm above the sample. Percentage of abrasion strength to the concrete with
Water-silica sand flow was shot about a minute into 0.5water-cement ratio.
a point on the concrete surface. This job was done 8 Percentage of abrasion strength to the different
times from 8 different points. water-cement ratios.
After the pervious step, the sample was washed out
and extra water should be taken off. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Depth of abrasion was measured according to the
following steps: The Compressive Strength curve changes with
The sample is weighed respect to water-cement ratio for curing time of 7, 28 and
Cavities created in the sample were filled with 91 days are shown in Figure 1. Improvements of
fine sands (they should be passed through sieve compressive strength of concrete samples for 7, 28 and 91
no.150) then smooth out all surfaces. days are shown in Figures 2-4, respectively. Also Tables
Again the sample is weighed. 1 - 5 summarized obtained data for Compressive Strength
Specific weigh of sand is measured. Test for samples with defined water and cement ratio of
0.33 to 0.5.
Sp.Gr. of sand =Wair /( Wair - Wwater) Table 6 presents the improvement made for concrete
aged for duration of 7, 28 and 91 days. Compressive
Cavities volume is measured: Strength (%) with water sand cement ratio of 0.05.
Table 7 summarized abrasion depth values for water and
V = W/ cement ratio. Table 8 demonstrate the improvement in
abrasion strength (%) toward water and cement ratio
Where V Is Void Volume: Depth of abrasion is measured (w/c).
by the following relation:
he = V/A
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Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 12 (8): 1056-1061, 2012
Table 3: Compressive Strength Test for samples with water and cement
ratio of 0.4
Average Compressive Age of Water and
Strength (Mpa) samples (days) cement ratio (w/c)
33.69 7 0.4
47.17 28
51.87 91
Table 5: Compressive Strength Test for samples with water and cement
ratio of 0.5
Average Compressive Age of Water and
Strength (Mpa) samples (days) cement ratio (w/c)
32.20 7 0.44
45.17 28
48.94 91
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