CHENNAI METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY

AND SEWERAGE BOARD (CMWSSB)

Application for CRZ Clearance (CRZ-II)

For the discharge of Treated Effluent into Buckingham
Canal (181 mts) from the proposed STP of 31 MLD at
T.S.No: 3/2, Santhankadu Village,Thiruvottiyur,
Block.No:14,Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Form-I for obtaining CRZ Clearance & Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) Report

January
Prepared by:-
2014

[TYPE THE COMPANY ADDRESS]

 CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 PREAMBLE ...................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY ............................................................................................................... 1

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................................ 4

1.4 EA FOR THE PROPOSED STP PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................. 4

1.5 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................ 9

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................... 12

2.1. PROJECT BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................... 12

2.2. SALIENT DETAILS ...................................................................................................................... 13

2.3. PROJECT LOCATION .................................................................................................................. 14

2.4. PROJECT COST ............................................................................................................................. 25

2.5. Operation and Maintenance cost .......................................................................................... 25

2.6. MANPOWER ................................................................................................................................. 26

2.7. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................. 27

2.7.1. TREATMENT OF SEWAGE & DISPOSAL ............................................................................ 27

2.7.1.1. Site Selection........................................................................................................................ 27

2.7.1.2. Selection of treatment process ..................................................................................... 27

2.7.1.3. DESCRIPTION OF TREATMENT PROCESS ............................................................... 28

2.7.1.3.1. Design details: ..................................................................................................................... 28

2.7.1.3.2. CIVIL UNIT DETAILS ......................................................................................................... 29

2.7.1.4. Raw Sewage Quality: ........................................................................................................ 30

2.7.1.5. Treated Sewage Quality: ................................................................................................. 30

2.7.1.6. Process Description .......................................................................................................... 30

2.7.1.7. Chlorination System ......................................................................................................... 34

2.7.1.8. Outlet Channel..................................................................................................................... 34

 2.7.1.9. AUXILIARY POWER SOURCE ......................................................................................... 35

2.7.1.10. COST OF IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................ 35

2.7.1.10.1. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ................................................................................ 35

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................... 36

3.1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 36

3.2. SCOPE OF BASELINE STUDY .................................................................................................. 36

3.3. SAMPLING LOCATIONS ............................................................................................................ 42

3.4. MICROMETEROLOGY ................................................................................................................ 42

3.4.1. Temperature................................................................................................................................. 42

3.4.2. Rainfall ............................................................................................................................................ 42

3.4.3. Relative Humidity ....................................................................................................................... 43

3.4.4. Wind Speed & Direction ........................................................................................................... 43

3.4.5. Cloud cover ................................................................................................................................... 45

3.5. AIR ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................................... 45

3.5.1. Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) ..................................................................................................... 45

3.5.1.1. Monitoring Location and Methodology ..................................................................... 45

3.5.1.2. Results and Discussions .................................................................................................. 46

3.5.1.2.1. Observation for AAQ results:......................................................................................... 50

3.6. NOISE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................. 50

3.7. WATER ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................... 53

3.7.1. Surface water ............................................................................................................................... 53

3.7.2. Ground water ............................................................................................................................... 53

3.7.3. Baseline Water quality ............................................................................................................. 53

3.7.4. Sampling and Analysis .............................................................................................................. 53

3.7.4.1. Observations ........................................................................................................................ 60

3.8. LAND ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................................. 61

 3.8.1. Soil Characteristics..................................................................................................................... 62

3.9. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................ 66

3.10. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT..................................................................................... 67

4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 107

4.1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 107

4.2. IDENTIFICATION OF LIKELY IMPACTS .......................................................................... 108

4.3. IMPACTS IDENTIFIED ........................................................................................................... 112

4.3.1. Construction Phase ................................................................................................................. 113

4.3.1.1. Impact on Air Quality .................................................................................................... 113

4.3.1.2. Impact on Noise Quality ............................................................................................... 114

4.3.1.3. Impact on Water Quality .............................................................................................. 116

4.3.1.4. Construction of sewage Treatment works ............................................................ 116

The proposed project involves the following construction works: ....................................... 116

4.3.1.5. Impact on Land and Solid/Hazardous Waste Storage ...................................... 117

4.3.2. OPERATIONAL PHASE........................................................................................................... 119

4.3.3. MITIGATION MEASURES ...................................................................................................... 122

4.3.3.1. CONSTRUCTION PHASE ............................................................................................... 122

4.3.3.2. OPERATIONAL PHASE .................................................................................................. 130

5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................. 133

5.1. OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 133

5.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN .............................. 133

5.2.1. Managing Impact on Vegetation ........................................................................................ 134

5.2.1.1. Precautionary Measures .............................................................................................. 134

5.2.1.2. Compensatory Measures ............................................................................................. 134

5.2.2. Management of Noise impacts ........................................................................................... 134

5.2.2.1. Managing Impacts due to movement of Construction Machinery ............... 135

5.2.2.2. Noise impacts and required mitigation measures ............................................. 135

5.2.2.2.1. Impacts on Noise Environment ................................................................................. 135

5.2.2.2.2. Noise Impacts – Construction Phase ....................................................................... 136

5.2.2.2.3. Noise Impacts – Operation Phase ............................................................................. 136

5.2.2.2.4. Technical Specification for Acoustic Enclosure .................................................. 137

5.2.2.2.5. Design Features of Acoustic Enclosure: ................................................................. 138

5.2.3. MANAGING IMPACT ON AIR POLLUTION ..................................................................... 139

5.2.3.1. Precautionary Measures .............................................................................................. 139

5.2.4. MANAGING IMPACT OF ODOUR NUISANCE ................................................................. 139

5.2.5. MANAGING IMPACT DUE TO LABOUR CAMPS ............................................................ 140

5.2.5.1. Precautionary Measures .............................................................................................. 140

5.2.5.2. INSTALLATION OF MAIN PUMPING STATION.................................................... 140

5.2.5.3. Laying of Pumping Main............................................................................................... 140

5.2.5.4. Safety Measures: ............................................................................................................. 141

5.2.5.5. FACILITY FOR WORKERS ............................................................................................ 141

5.2.5.6. SAFETY PRACTICES ....................................................................................................... 141

5.2.5.6.1. During the Plant Construction: .................................................................................. 141

5.2.5.6.2. During the Plant Operation:........................................................................................ 142

5.2.5.7. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN: ..................................................................... 143

5.2.5.7.1. Preventive measures ..................................................................................................... 143

5.2.5.8. COMPONENT BASED SAFETY MEASURES FOR O & M STAFFS:................... 144

5.2.5.9. SAFE HANDLING OF CHLORINE ............................................................................... 150

5.2.5.10. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH: ............................................................... 152

5.2.5.11. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ................................................................ 163

5.2.5.12. ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURES ............................................... 166

5.2.5.13. GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT..................................................................................... 166

6. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 169

7. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT .................................................................................................. 170

7.1. ABC TECHNO LABS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED ............................................................. 170

7.2. SERVICES OF ABC TECHNO LABS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED ................................. 170

7.2.1. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES ............................................................................................. 170

7.2.2. TURNKEY PROJECTS .............................................................................................................. 171

7.2.3. LABORATORY DIVISION ....................................................................................................... 171

7.2.4. METALLURGICAL TESTING ................................................................................................. 172

7.3. Sectors Accredited by National Accreditation Board for Education and Training
(NABET) ................................................................................................................................................... 172

7.4. STUDY TEAM ............................................................................................................................. 173

 LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 Salient Details............................................................................................................................ 13

Table 2-2 Manpower................................................................................................................................... 26

Table 3-1 Baseline Environmental Components & their Attributes, Frequency &
Monitoring Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 38

Table 3-2 Techniques used for Baseline analysis ........................................................................... 46

Table 3-3 Air Quality sampling Locations .......................................................................................... 48

Table 3-4 Air Quality Results................................................................................................................... 49

Table 3-5 Noise Monitoring Locations & Results ............................................................................ 52

Table 3-6 Water Sampling Locations ................................................................................................... 55

Table 3-7 Ground Water quality results ............................................................................................ 56

Table 3-8 Surface Water quality results (Buckingham Canal) .................................................. 58

Table 3-9 Soil Sampling Locations ........................................................................................................ 63

Table 3-10 Soil Analysis Results ............................................................................................................ 65

Table 4-1 Activity-Impact Identification Matrix for Construction Phase of the Proposed
Project ........................................................................................................................................................... 109

Table 4-2 Activity – Impact Identification Matrix for Operation Phase of the Proposed
Project ........................................................................................................................................................... 111

Table 5-1 Potential Impacts on Noise Environment due to the Proposed Facility ......... 135

Table 5-2 Impact and Mitigation Measures for Noise Emissions ........................................... 137

Table 5-3 Odour Generation Sources and its Design Measures:............................................. 139

Table 5-4 Environmental Management Plan for Pre-Construction Phase .......................... 153

Table 5-5 Environmental Management Plan for Construction Phase - Sewage Treatment
Plant ............................................................................................................................................................... 155

Table 5-6 Environmental Enhancement and Special Issues .................................................... 161

Table 5-7 Environmental Monitoring Plan ..................................................................................... 163

Table 5-8 Issue based remedial measures ...................................................................................... 165

Table 5-9 SUGGESTED PLANT SPECIES FOR GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT .................... 168

Table 5-10 Cost Estimate for Environmental Management Plan ........................................... 168
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Satellite imagery of the project site ................................................................................ 14

Figure 2-2 Topo map of the Project Site.............................................................................................. 16

Figure 2-3 Drainage Pattern of the Project Site .............................................................................. 17

Figure 2-4 Road Network map of the Project Site........................................................................... 18

Figure 2-5 land use of the Project Site ................................................................................................. 19

Figure 2-6 CMDA land use of the Project Site ................................................................................... 20

Figure 2-7 Contour Plan of the Project Site ....................................................................................... 21

Figure 2-8 Layout of the Project Site .................................................................................................... 22

Figure 2-9 Demarcation Map of the Project Site (CRZ MAP) ...................................................... 23

Figure 2-10 Demarcation Map of the Project Site (CRZ MAP).................................................... 24

Figure 3-1 Wind rose diagram (March to May2013) ..................................................................... 43

Figure 3-2 AAQ Sampling Location map ............................................................................................. 47

Figure 3-3 Noise Sampling Location map ........................................................................................... 51

Figure 3-4 Water Sampling Location map.......................................................................................... 54

Figure 3-5 Soil Sampling Location map ............................................................................................... 64

 LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure I - Land allotment G.O

Annexure II - TNPCB Consent copy- Water Act

Annexure III - TNPCB Consent copy- Air Act

Annexure IV - Permission letter from WRD for the disposal of

treated effluent into Buckingham canal
 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 PREAMBLE

Urban development schemes in the notified areas are governed by the Master plan of
Chennai Metropolitan CMDA. The respective Local Bodies are responsible for the
infrastructural facilities. Chennai Metropolitan Water supply and Sewerage Board
(CMWSSB) is the authorized agency to provide water supply and sewerage -facilities to
some of the Local Bodies around Chennai in the CMA and, also in areas of CMWSSBs
jurisdiction. Chennai city sewerage system comprises of 10 Sewage Treatment Plants
(STPs) which are located at Kodungaiyur (3 Nos-270 MLD), Koyambedu (2 Nos- 94
MLD), Nesapakkam (3 Nos-117 MLD) and Perungudi (2 Nos- 114 MLD).

Detailed Project Reports were prepared for some of the AUAs like Madhavaram, Porur
and Maduravoyal for treatment and disposal of sewage into the existing STPs in CMA
due to non-availability of lands for locating STPs 'in these areas. Consequently, the
available capacities in the existing STPs need to be assessed in detail for accommodating
additional sewage flows from the AUAs.

Government of Tamilnadu decided that a comprehensive sewerage scheme in CMA

would provide the advantage of common sewage management network. With the above
view, Government in GO (0), No·.106, MA&WS Department dt. 17.3.2005 has issued a
set of directions based on which CMWSSB is coordinating the planning and
implementation of the Comprehensive Underground Sewerage schemes in a select list
of local bodies with JNNURM funding.

1.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY

Rapid urbanization has resulted in a significant impact on the environment. All the
concerned authorities have realized that development cannot be sustained unless the
environment is protected. Therefore, most of the governments in the world have made
it mandatory for project developers to carryout Environmental Assessment (EA) of their

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development project(s) and prepare Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) so that
the environmental quality is protected.

The Government in its G.O.No.48 M.A & W.S Department dated 06.02.04 have accorded
administrative sanction for Rs.28S5.46 Lakh towards providing underground sewerage
facilities to Thiruvottiyur Municipality. The scheme sanction is for providing collection
system, construction of pumping stations, pumping mains and improvements to the
existing STP (WSP) at Thiruvottiyur Municipality. The project is funded by TNUDF. The
sewerage scheme is divided into five packages. Packages I to IV contemplate laying of
sewers for a length of 82 km and 6 No of pumping stations. Package -V is for laying 10
km length of pumping main. Tenders were settled for all the five packages and the work
commenced on 08.05.2007. At present, work is in progress in Package I to VI.

Regarding Package V, it is to be stated that the pumping main work was partly
completed and the balance work could not be taken up within the contract period due to
non-accordance of permission by Railways and NHAI. Hence, the . Board decided to re-
tender the balance work with the revision of estimate. Subsequently, tenders were
called for and the work orders issued on 20.05.10 for laying pumping main in
SH/NH/Municipal road. The World Bank Mission during the meeting held in July 2010
suggested providing external coating for PSC pipes to prevent corrosion.

The pumping main is to be laid across four railway crossings at three locations. Further,
as per the proposal the final reach of the pumping main from the Terminal pumping
station at Subramanya Pond to the existing STP at Sathankadu could not be laid as there
was no feasibility. Alternate alignment has been identified for laying the pumping main
and the work is under progress. An alternate site for the construction of new STP was
identified by the Municipality to an extent of about 5 acres of land (Meykal Poramboke)
near the existing Municipality compost yard at Sathankadu, Thiruvottiyur for this
purpose.

As decided by the Technical Standing Committee, it was proposed to construct a new

STP of 37 mld capacity with Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) Technology on Design,
Build, Operate and Transfer basis. In this connection it is to be stated that the capacity of

2
the STP was decided considering the sewage from Thiruvottiyur as well as
Kathiwakkam Municipalities. The estimated flow from Thiruvottiyur is 36.24 mld and
8.47 mld from Kathiwakkam for the ultimate stage i.e year 2040. For the proposed STP,
the project initialization year was assumed as 2010 and the perspective design year as
2025 i.e., 15 years after implementation. Though, the Technical Standing Committee
decided that 40 mld plant can be constructed, the anticipated sewage generation from
Thiruvottiyur and Kathiwakkam Municipalities for the year 2025 is 30.43 mld and 6.30
mld respectively totaling to 36.73 mld oniy. Hence, the capacity of the proposed STP
was considered as 37 mld.

Besides, it is to be stated that Board vide resolution No 30/2008 dt 04.02.09 have

accorded Administrative Sanction for the proposed 37 mid capacity STP at a tentative
cost of Rs. 5063.23 lakh including 5 years 0& M. The Board also resolved to call for
tenders for this work by CMWSSB pending. Administrative sanction by the government.
However, tender could not be floated immediately, as funds for the work was allotted by
the Municipality.

Modification to the Capacity of proposed STP

Based on the comments of TNUDF/ World Bank, the capacity of the proposed STP was
restricted to the sewage generated in Thiruvottiyur Municipality only. For the proposed
STP, the estimated flow for the perspective design year as 2025 (i.e., 15 years after
implementation) was arrived at 30.43 mid. Hence, the capacity of the STP was adopted
as 31 mld. Accordingly, the draft bid document was revised and concurrence was
accorded by TNUDF for the same.

If the sewerage scheme is implemented for these local bodies, there: will be an
enhancement in environmental quality and improvement in health status of the
community.

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1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

 To assess the effect on Land, Air, Water and Noise environment and measures
proposed and to take mitigation measure for any adverse effects.
 To assess impact on wildlife (including birds) habitat in project area, if any;
Assessment of impact on flora and fauna which would possibly be affected by the
project and to suggest plans for their conservation.
 To collect available water quality data; observe and analyze water quality at the
project area and to collect information on known pollution sources in the area
 To evaluate the impact of the project on public health, quality of life etc. during
construction and after commissioning of the project.
 To assess impact on human settlements in project area, if any. To assess impact
of project on existing and proposed infrastructure including roads and to identify
measures for overcoming the same.
 Analysis of Census data for demographic profile.
 Preparation of environmental monitoring plan for construction and operational
phases.
 Identifying mitigatory measures.
 Preparation of sound Environment Management plan (EMP) outlining additional
control technologies to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts, if any.

1.4 EA FOR THE PROPOSED STP PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.4.1 LEGAL, POLICY & INSTITUTION FRAME WORK

This section reviews the policies, regulations and administrative framework within
which the project is to be implemented. The review includes the Environmental and
Social framework of TNUIFSL, operational policies / directions of the World Bank and
sector-specific environmental policies and regulations of the Govt. of India and Govt. of
Tamilnadu.

4
 1.4.2 Water Act, 1974

These laws seek to control pollution of water and enhance the quality of water. Under
this law, it is mandatory to obtain Consent to Establishment of STP and the effluent to
be treated to meet the discharge standards of inland surface water and discharged as
per the standards stipulated by TNPCB before discharge into the river or on land for
irrigation and pay consent fees as stipulated for local bodies viz., Town Panchayat,
Municipality, Corporation which are causing water pollution.

1.4.3 Air Act, 1981 amended in 1987

This Act provides prevention, control and abatement of air pollution. With a framework
similar to the Water Act, the Air Act gave the central and State Board’s authority to issue
consents to industries operating within the designated air pollution control areas. The
State also prescribes emission standards for stationary and mobile sources.

1.4.4 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 amended
in 1988

Its objective was to ensure that the domestic and industrial pollutants are not
discharged into rivers, and lakes without adequate treatment. The reason is that such a
discharge renders the water unsuitable as a source of drinking water, for the purposes
of irrigation and to support marine life. In order to achieve its objective Pollution
Control Boards at Central and State levels were created to establish and enforce
standards for factories discharging pollutants into bodies of water. The State Boards are
empowered to issue Consent for Establishment (CFE) whenever a firm wanted to
establish a new factory and also issue Consent for Operation (CFO) for existing factories.
They were also given the authority to close factories or, in the case of disconnecting
power and water supply, issue directions to the concerned Departments for
enforcement of Boards standards

5
 1.4.5 Environment Protection Act 1986, & Notifications

In order to create national environmental legislation, the EPA articulates a policy for
environmental protection covering air, water and land and provide a framework for
Central Government to coordinate between Central and State Authorities established
under various laws, including the Water Act and Air Act. Under this umbrella Act, the
Central Government must set National Ambient and Emissions Standards, establish
procedures for managing hazardous substances, regulate industrial sites, investigate
and research pollution issues and establish laboratories and collect and disseminate
information.

Among other relevant legislation, the Public Liability Insurance Act (PLIA) of 1991
mandates that business owners operating with hazardous substances take out
insurance policies covering potential liability from an accident and establish
Environmental Relief Funds to deal with accidents involving hazardous substances. The
National Environmental Appellate Authority Act of 1997 requires the Central
Government to establish an authority to hear appeals on area restrictions where
operations will not be carried out or will be carried out with certain safeguard
measures.

1.4.6 Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) and TNUDF

1.4.6.1 Operation Policy and Directorate of the World Bank

Operational Policy 4.01 (OP 4.01) is one of the ten safeguard policies of the World Bank,
which provides the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) guidance for the lending
operations. The OP 4.01 requires the borrower to screen projects upstream in the
project cycle for potential impacts. Thereafter, an appropriate Environmental
Assessment (EA) approach to assess, minimize/ enhance and mitigate potentially
adverse impacts is selected depending on nature and scale of project. The EA needs to
be integrated in the project development process such that timely measures can be
applied to address the identified impacts. The policy requires consultation with affected

6
groups and NGOs to recognize community concerns and the need to address the same as
part of EA.

1.4.6.2 Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB)

The TNPCB has the mandate for environmental management at the state level, with
emphasis on air and water quality. The board is responsible for:
 Planning and executing state-level air and water initiatives,
 Advising state government on air, water and industry issues,
 Establishing standards based on National Minimum Standards,
 Enforcing and monitoring of all activities within the State under the Air Act, the
Water act and the Cess Act, etc.
 Conducting and organizing public hearings for projects as defined by the various
Acts and as stipulated by the Amendment (April 1997) to the EIA Act; and,
Issuing No-objection
1.4.6.3 Noise Pollution Rules 2000

In order to curb the growing problems of noise pollution, the government of India has
enacted the noise pollution rules 2000 that includes the following main provisions:
 The state government may categorize the areas as industrial or commercial or
residential.
 The Ambient air quality Standards in respect of Noise for different areas has
been specified.
 The State government shall take measures for abatement of noise including
noise emanating from vehicular movement and ensure that the existing noise
levels do not exceed the ambient air quality standards specified under these
rules.
 Areas not less than 100 m around Hospitals, Educational institutions and Court
is declared as silence area under these rules.
 A loud speaker or a public address system shall not be used except after
obtaining written permission from the authority and the same shall not be used
at night, between 10 pm to 6 am.

7
  A person found violating the provisions as to the maximum noise permissible
in any particular area shall be liable to be punished for it, under the provision
of these rules and any other law in force.
1.4.6.4 Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 2011.

This notification under Environment (Protection) Act; 1986 supplements the

law on site clearance by declaring certain zones as CRZ and regulates activities
in these zones. Further GoTN has also issued orders regulating development
within 500 mts from the high water mark. Buckingham Canal is situated at 181
mts from the project site and this comes under CRZ-II as per CRZ notification
2011. Demarcation map has been obtained from the Institute of Remote
Sensing, Anna University. So the discharge of treated water into Buckingham
canal requires CRZ clearance.

1.4.7 EA for the Proposed STP Project Description

 The NOC from the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board TNPCB in pursuant to the
Water
 (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, the Cess Act of 1977 and the
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981.
 The State Pollution Control Board issues a No-objection Certificate (NOC) after
accepting the application for the project.

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1.5 METHODOLOGY

1.5.1. Clearances Required from Competent Authority:

S.NO Activity Clearance Statutory Status

Required Authority

1 Establishment Consent To Tamilnadu Obtained

of Proposed Sewage Establishment Pollution Control
Treatment Plant under Air and Board.
Water Act,
1981
2 Commissioning Consent To Tamilnadu Only after
of Sewage Treatment Operate under Pollution Control obtaining
Plant Air and Water Board. CRZ
Act. Clearance
3 Discharge of Treated Coastal Regulation Tamilnadu Coastal Under
water to nearby Zone act 2011 Zone management progress
Buckingham Canal Authority
(TNCZMA)

Any development activity in general is expected to cause impacts on surrounding

environment at the project site during its implementation and operation phases, which
can be both positive and negative. The nature and intensity of impacts on different
components of environment depend on the type of project activities and geographical
conditions of the study area. The impacts of the project activities on environmental
components are quantified through Environmental Assessment (EA) studies within the
impact zone of the project activities. The Results of EA studies form the basis for the
preparation of a viable EMP for mitigation of the adverse impacts. The EA studies for the
underground sewerage system deals with detailed studies for the various
environmental components viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic
environment.
1.5.2. Study period

The EA study encompasses the area within 10 km radius of the proposed Sewage
Treatment Plant project. For the preparation of EA report for the STP, the baseline data
was collected during the period of March to May 2013. The micro climatic parameters
were recorded using automatic weather monitoring station for the study period. Wind
9
speed, wind direction and relative humidity were recorded on hourly basis. Minimum &
Maximum temperatures were also recorded during the study period.

1.5.2.1. COMPONENTS OF THE STUDY

1.5.2.2. Air Environment

The description of the existing air environment in and around the proposed project site
is based on actual monitoring during the month of March to May 2013. The
concentrations of important air pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 at the study
area are well within the permissible limits prescribed by Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB).

1.5.2.3. Noise Environment

The baseline noise levels in and around 10 km radius of the proposed Project Site were
established as per the Noise Pollution Level (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 in line
with the Ambient Air Quality monitoring stations.

1.5.2.4. Water Environment

The baseline water environment in and around 10 km radius of the proposed Project
Site were established in line with the ISO 19001 Standards. There is no major river
system in the 10 Km radius of the STP Site. Buckingham Canal is 150 mts away from the
project site boundary. Discharge of treated water into B’ canal requires CRZ clearance

1.5.2.5. Land Environment

Soil samples were collected from the project site, not only at its immediate vicinity but
also in the surrounding villages in the study area. Physico-chemical properties of the
soils were determined; information on land use pattern in the study area was also
collected. The proposed STP site is located in the commercial area as per CMDA land use
plan.

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1.5.2.6. Ecosystem

Information on eco-system within the study area was collected from the State
Agricultural and Forest departments. The important floral species native to the project
area is enumerated and discussed in the Chapter 3. A physical survey was also
undertaken to validate the correctness of the data collected.

1.5.2.7. Socio-Economic Environment and Occupational Health

A field survey was conducted within study area of the site and the surrounding impact
zone. The parameters selected under socio-economic component were demographic
structure of the study area, provision of basic amenities, industries likely to come up in
the study area, welfare facilities by the project proponent, safety training and
management, community and occupational health hazards. Relevant information was
collected from selected villages and analyzed.

As adequate protective measures for pollution abatement will be taken, as described

earlier, no occupational health problems are envisaged. However, periodic monitoring
for prompt detection of any problem in this regard will be regularly carried out and
addressed. Periodical checks for workers and staff will be carried out to detect for any,
occupational health problems and corrective measures will be taken promptly. Besides,
in order to reduce occurrence of epidemics like Malaria, Dengu Fever etc., fumigation
practices will be adopted, as necessary, in the area. Publicity campaigns and medical
camps will also be organized in nearby villages to create awareness about the
importance of hygiene and cleanliness for preventing occurrence of epidemic diseases.

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 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1. PROJECT BACKGROUND

The Government in its G.O.No.48 M.A & W.S Department dated 06.02.04 have accorded
administrative sanction for Rs.28S5.46 Lakh towards providing underground sewerage
facilities to Thiruvottiyur Municipality. The scheme sanction is for providing collection
system, construction of pumping stations, pumping mains and improvements to the
existing STP (WSP) at Thiruvottiyur Municipality. The project is funded by TNUDF. The
sewerage scheme is divided into five packages. Packages I to IV contemplate laying of
sewers for a length of 82 km and 6 No of pumping stations. Package -V is for laying
10.06.9 km length of pumping main. Tenders were settled for all the five packages and
the work commenced on 08.05.07. At present, work is in progress in Package I to IV.

As decided by the Technical Standing Committee, it was proposed to construct a new

STP of 37 MLD capacity with Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) Technology on Design,
Build, Operate and Transfer basis. In this connection it is to be stated that the capacity of
the STP was decided considering the sewage from Thiruvottiyur as well as
Kathiwakkam Municipalities. The estimated flow from Thiruvottiyur is 36.24 mld and
8.47 mld from Kathiwakkam for the ultimate stage i.e year 2040. For the proposed STP,
the project initialization year was assumed as 2010 and the perspective design year as
2025 i.e., 15 years after implementation. Though, the Technical Standing Committee
decided that 40 MLD plant can be constructed, the anticipated sewage generation from
Thiruvottiyur and Kathiwakkam Municipalities for the year 2025 is 30.43 mld and 6.30
mld respectively totaling to 36.73 mld oniy. Hence, the capacity of the proposed STP
was considered as 37 MLD.

Besides, it is to be stated that Board vide resolution No 30/2008 dt 04.02.09 have

accorded Administrative Sanction for the proposed 37 MLD capacity STP at a tentative
cost of Rs. 5063.23 lakh including 5 years 0&M. The Board also resolved to call for

12
tenders for this work by CMWSSB pending. Administrative Sanction by the government.
However, tender could not be floated immediately, as funds for the work was allotted by
the Municipality.

Based on the comments of TNUDF/ World Bank, the capacity of the proposed STP was
restricted to the sewage generated in Thiruvottiyur Municipality only. For the proposed
STP, the estimated flow for the perspective design year as 2025 (i.e.,15 years after
implementation) was arrived at 30.43 mid. Hence, the capacity of the STP was adopted
as 31 MLD. Accordingly, the draft bid document was revised and concurrence was
accorded by TNUDF for the same.

If the sewerage scheme is implemented for these local bodies, there will be an
enhancement in environmental quality and improvement in health status of the
community.

2.2. SALIENT DETAILS

Table 2-1 Salient Details
Feature Details

Site Location Sathangadu, Thiruvottiyur

Site Latitude and Longitude N-13º09’16.60” E-80º17’11.26”

Latitude (Pipeline) 13° 9' 23.5584"N

Longitude (Pipeline) 80° 17' 9.006"E

Topography Barren land

SOI Topo sheet 66 C/4 and 66 C/8
Above Mean Sea level in m 4m
Population of the project village Thiruvottiyur 2,12,281; Manali-28,174
Surrounding Villages (2 Km Radius) Thiruvottiyur and Manali
Nearest City Chennai
Nearest Town Thiruvottiyur
Nearest Highway Manali-Thiruvottiyur Road (20 mts)
Nearest water bodies Buckingham Canal at a distance of 181m from the
Site boundary

13
2.3. PROJECT LOCATION
Proposed construction of 31 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) based on ASP
Technology at T.S.No:3/2 at Santhankadu village, Thiruvottiyur, Block no: 14, Chennai
by Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB), Chennai

Figure 2-1 Satellite imagery of the project site

14
Figure 2-2 Topo map of the Project Site

16
Figure 2-3 Drainage Pattern of the Project Site

17
Figure 2-4 Road Network map of the Project Site

18
Figure 2-5 land use of the Project Site

19
Figure 2-6 CMDA land use of the Project Site

20
Figure 2-7 Contour Plan of the Project Site

21
Figure 2-8 Layout of the Project Site

22
Figure 2-9 Demarcation Map of the Project Site (CRZ MAP)

23
Figure 2-10 Demarcation Map of the Project Site (CRZ MAP)

24
2.4. PROJECT COST

An estimate has been prepared based on the settled cost towards the Construction, trail
run for six months & O&M charges for five years for the work of " construction of 31 mid
capacity STP with ASP & Filtration) at Thiruvottiyur" . The estimate works out to Rs
2633.00 Lakhs (Construction cost-Civil, Mechanical, and Electrical & Instrumentation
works-Rs '1777.23 Lakhs, Tail run for six months Rs -2.821 Lakhs, 0& M Cost for five
years-Rs 519.66 Lakhs). The break up details is enclosed herewith. !t may be also seen
that the estimate includes overheads such as contingencies @2.5 %, Price escalation
@10 % centage charges @ 5% on the settled construction cost. Necessary provision has
been made towards third party inspection.charges & EB charges.

2.5. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST

With regard to O&M cost, it is to be stated that settled cost for five years O&M is Rs
169.26 Lakhs which includes fixed cost (Man power, Maintenance of civil structures &
plant housekeeping, repairs including spares& replacement, oil & Grease etc). Variable
cost (covering consumables, chemicals and disposal of grit & sludge) but excludes TNEB
power charges, Diesel cost for DG set & Chlorine Dosage costs as per the tender. The
costs for these items have been worked out· separately. An amount of Rs 350.40 Lakhs
has been estimated towards these items and has been included in the estimate. Hence
the total estimated cost for the O&M works for 5 years works out to Rs 519.66 Lakhs (Rs
1.69.26 Lakhs+ Rs 350.40 Lakhs)

25
2.6. MANPOWER
During Construction phase, 100 persons will be employed in peak period and an
average of 50 persons in normal period.

The STP will have skilled and unskilled employees for its three shift operation. Table 2.4
shows the total manpower requirement for the STP.

Table 2-2 Manpower

S.No DESCRIPTION NOS
1 Plant operator (Technical) 3
2 Plant operator (Non-Technical) 9
3 Lab chemist 1
4 Lab assistant 2
5 Watchman/helper 3
6 Gardener/farm assistant 2
Total 20

26
2.7. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2.7.1. TREATMENT OF SEWAGE & DISPOSAL

2.7.1.1. Site Selection

The land owned by erstwhile Thiruvottiyur Municipality for dumping garbage. The
commissioner, Thiruvottiyur Municipality spared this land for the construction of STP
of 31 MLD capacity for Thiruvottiyur Area. Copy of letter enclosed.

This is a Socio Environmental Project. This STP will be treating 31 MLD of raw sewage
received from Thiruvottiyur Area as per standards prescribed by the TNPCB and
treated effluent will be let out into nearby water course Buckingham Canal maintained
by PWD for which separate action initiated to get the concurrence of PWD for letting out
the effluent into B’ Canal. Part of treated sewage will be utilised for development of
Green Belt Area around STP campus part of effluent for development of parks and Road
side Lawn maintained by Corporation of Chennai and Highways Department.

The Screenings will be disposed off in the Dumping Yard of Corporation of Chennai
where there is no residence available.

The Grit from the Detritor tank will be utilised as manure on drying in the Kodungaiyur
Farm land. Similarly the sludge cake (dried) will be utilised as manure for Kodungaiyur
Farm land and for filling low level pockets. 3.0 m wide strip of land within the STP area
boundary will be utilised for development of Greeneries such as Teak, Casurina,
Eucalyptus, sibabul, etc. for maintaining good environment and to avoid odour nuisance.

2.7.1.2. Selection of treatment process

The lowest evaluated bidder M/s Sekhar Deepak Construction Company Ltd, Chennai
has satisfied all the required qualifications as per the bid document. The Director,
Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University vide letter dated 14.09.10 has also
offered opinion that the process design proposed by the M/s Sekhar Deepak
Construction Company Ltd, Chennai may be accepted. With the approval of Board and
concurrence from the TNUDF World Bank, the work order to the lowest bidder M/s
Sekhar Deepak Construction Company Ltd, Chennai at was issued on 22.10.10.
27
Since, the contractor M/s Sekhar Deepak Construction Company Ltd, Chennai had
adopted ASP with filtration, the amendment for establishment of STP (due to change of
technology) is obtained from the TNPCB.

As per the requirement of tender conditions, the contractor is to provide a layout for
constructing a 14 MLD capacity STP in the future, in addition to the 31 MLD capacities
within the total available area of 5.0 acre (2 .02 Ha). Accordingly, the land requirement
by the contractor is as follows
Proposed 31 MLD STP Capacity - 7468 sq.m
Proposed 14 MLD STP capacity in the future - 4106 Sq.m
Total area of STP proposed - 15,000 Sq.m (1.50 ha)

2.7.1.3. DESCRIPTION OF TREATMENT PROCESS

2.7.1.3.1. Design details:

Sewage Treatment Plant Capacity shall be 31 MLD.

Raw Sewage will be made available to the STP contractor at Stilling Chamber through
600/800 mm dia PSC pipelines to be laid under the scope of the contract package-V. As
per the proposal, the treated effluent is to be discharged into the nearby B’ Canal.

28
2.7.1.3.2. CIVIL UNIT DETAILS

29
2.7.1.4. Raw Sewage Quality:

Characteristics of Raw Sewage considered is given in the below table.

Table 2-3 Characteristics of Raw Sewage
Sl.No. Parameters Range Unit
1. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 320 mg / l
2. Chemical Oxygen Demand 700 mg / l
3. Total Suspended Solids 400 mg / l
4. Fecal Coliform 2x106 Nos. / 100 ml
7. Oil & Grease 15 mg / l

2.7.1.5. Treated Sewage Quality:

Sewage is treated to conform to standards such that the treated sewage may be
disposed off into surface water course. It is desired to treat the sewage to a level
whereby the treated sewage can be utilized. Quality characteristics of treated sewage
will be as given the below table.

Table 2-4 Characteristics of Treated Sewage

Sl.No. Parameters Values
1. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 10 or less mg / l
2. Chemical Oxygen Demand Less than or equal to 100 mg / l
3. Total Suspended Solids 10 or less mg / l
4. Fecal Coliform Less than or equal to 200 MPN/ 100 ml
5. Oil & Grease Less than or equal to 5 mg / l

2.7.1.6. Process Description

1. Receiving Chamber:

Raw Sewage will be delivered through 600 mm / 800 mm dia PSC pipe into the
Receiving Chamber (Size of 1.94 m x 5.0 m x 5 m LD) and from where it will be taken to

30
down stream screens. The function of the receiving chamber is to reduce the incoming
velocity.

2. Screen Chamber:

Manual coarse screen and mechanical coarse screen chamber of size 5.6 m x 0.9 m x 1.0
m LD each and manual fine screen and mechanical fine screen chamber of size 5.15 m x
0.86 m x 1.0 m LD each are provided.

After the Receiving chamber minimum 2 nos. of coarse screen and two no. of fine
screens are to be provided for removal of floating and oversized materials and fine
floating materials coming with sewage. The coarse screen should be capable of
screening materials such as plastic rags, debris, weeds, paper, cloth, rags etc. which
could clog the waste water pump impeller. Similarly the fine screen should be capable
of screening materials such as hair, debris, weeds, paper, rags etc. The bar screen shall
be of stainless steel flats. A conveyor system of suitable width shall be provided which
shall be adjacent to screens. The screening material as collected will drop automatically
into a wheel barrows for disposal. It is disposed in the near by dumping yard of
Corporation of Chennai.

3. Detritor Tank:

Screened sewage will be gravitable to minimum two nos. of Grit Separator Tank
(Detritor Tank) for removal of grit and small inorganic particles of specific gravity
above 2.65 and particle size above 150 microns. The Grit Separator tank of size 8.6 m x
8.6 m x 0.7 m LD each shall be have RCC construction complete with mechanical
intervals and square in size will be constructed. The grit separated shall be properly
collected through scrapping mechanism and screw mechanism and disposed. As this is
a good manure, it can be used in Kodungaiyur Farm Land. The detrited sewage shall
flow through open channels from the grit separators and confluence into a single
channel of suitable width. The sewage is collected in the syphon well and reaches
Equalization Tank.

31
4. Equalization Tank (or) Balancing Tank:

An equalization tank of size 40.90 m O.D, 31.0 MLD with 5 MLD. will be constructed.
The purpose of this tank is to collect the excess water during the peak flow time and to
supply the uniform flow of 31/24 M.L. for each hour so as to maintain the flow
uniformly to achieve the standards of treated effluent as per requirement.

5. Primary Clarifier:

Primary clarifier tank of size 30.48 m I.D. with 3.5 m liquid depth will be constructed in
RCC construction complete with mechanical internals and circular in shape. During the
time of detention the sludge portion of sewage will settle down at the bottom and the
primary effluent will be reaching Aeration Tank. Due to settlement of sludge, about
60% of suspended solids and 30 to 40% of BOD impurity will be removed from the
sewage. The settled sludge which is called Raw Sludge is sent to Digester through
sludge sump, thickener and thickener overflow sump for getting digested for disposal.

6. Aeration Tank:

An Aeration Tank of 58.69 m O.D. 45.04 m I.D. with 5.50 m L.D. will be constructed in
RCC construction complete.

The effluent from Primary clarifier will enter into the aeration tank. Here Air is
introduced in the system to create an aerobic environment that meets the needs of the
biological community and the aeration source ensures that adequate oxygen is fed into
the tank and appropriate mixing takes place. This reduces the BOD. By aerating the
mixed liquor the aerobic process will be stimulated, the growth rate of bacteria will be
much faster. The Aerated effluent reaches Secondary Clarifier for further treatment.
About 90% of the impurities such as BOD and suspended solids are removed in Aeration
Tank.

32
7. Secondary Clarifier:

A Secondary Clarifier of size 44.40 m I.D. with 2.5 m SWD will be constructed in RCC
Construction complete with mechanical internals and circular shape. During the time of
detention period the solids separate from the water by the process of gravity
sedimentation in which the sludge settles towards the bottom of the clarifier. As this
sludge portion contains good quantity of micro organism this is collected in a separate
sump and sent to Aeration Tank for activation purpose. The effluent from the
Secondary clarifier is collected in chlorination contact Tank for further disinfection
treatment.

8. Chlorination Contact Tank:

A chlorine contact tank of size 69.30 m dia 4.20 m wide 2.3 m LD will be constructed.
The treated sewage from the Secondary Clarifier is sent to the chlorination Tank for
disinfection using sufficient quantities of chlorine by which potential disease causing
organisms are eliminated.

9. Sludge Sump to feed thickener:

A sludge sump of size 1.77 m x 4.20 m wide will be constructed to receive raw sludge
from Primary clarifier for pumping to thickener.

10. Thickener:

A thickener of size 53.90 m x 4.2 m wide will be constructed in RCC construction

complete. The thickened sludge is sent to Digestor for digestion purpose.

11. Digestor:

A digestor of size 86.90 m x 4.20 m wide in RCC construction will be constructed with
necessary mechanical internals and circular in shape. The Digestor receives the sludge
from the thickener which digest the sludge within the digestion period produces biogas
and digested sludge. The digested sludge is sent to centrifuge for further treatment and
disposal.

33
12. Centrifuge:

A centrifuge room of size 7 m x 4 m will be constructed. The centrifuge unit with other
auxiliary units such as dosing tank are erected in the centrifuge room. The digested
sludge from the digestor mixes with poly electrolyte in the centrifuge and sludge in the
form of cakes will be collected and disposed. As this contains good manure value the
cakes can be utilised in Kodungaiyur Farm Land.

2.7.1.7. Chlorination System

Treated Sewage from Activated Sludge Process units will be collected in a chlorination
tank where disinfectant will be added for disinfection at suitable dosing rate. Baffle
walls shall be provided in the tank to facilitate hydraulic mixing of treated sewage.
Adequate reaction time shall be considered for while selecting the chlorination tank
volume to ensure proper disinfection of treated sewage.

Chlorination system covering chlorine tonners chlorinator, water feed pumps, piping,
booster pumps, ejector, trunnions, lifting device with weighing scale, leak detection and
leak absorption system, safety equipments like canisters, gasmasks etc. and other
ancillary shall be provided in the chlorine house. Chlorine house of adequate plinth area
shall be provided. It shall have sufficient ventilation as per the latest norms for safety
purpose with necessary lifting arrangement and EOT of minimum 2 T capacity etc.
complete.

The treated sewage is to be disposed into Buckingham Canal through PSC pipe by
gravity flow.

2.7.1.8. Outlet Channel

Treated sewage after chlorine contact tank will be conveyed through PSC pipe to
Buckingham Canal running at a distance of about 181 m.

34
2.7.1.9. AUXILIARY POWER SOURCE
In order to ensure uninterrupted working of the plant when the TNEB grid power fails,
a Diesel Generator set is proposed in the plant. The capacity of the DG set proposed is
380 KVA. DG set is acoustically enclosed. Stack rising 5m above the building top is
considered for exhausting the gaseous emissions.

2.7.1.10. COST OF IMPLEMENTATION

An estimate has been prepared based on the settled cost towards the Construction, trial
run for six months & O&M charges for five years for the work of " construction of 31 mid
capacity STP with ASP & Filtration) at Thiruvottiyur" . The estimate works out to
Rs.2633.00 Lakhs (Construction cost-Civil, Mechanical, and Electrical & Instrumentation
works-Rs '1777.23 Lakhs, Tail run for six months Rs -2.821 Lakhs, 0& M Cost for five
years-Rs 519.66 Lakhs). The break up details is enclosed herewith. !t may be also seen
that the estimate includes overheads such as contingencies @2.5 %, Price escalation
@10 % centage charges @ 5% on the settled construction cost. Necessary provision has
been made towards third party inspection.charges & EB charges.

2.7.1.10.1. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

With regard to O&M cost, it is to be stated that settled cost for five years O&M is Rs
169.26 Lakhs which includes fixed cost (Man power, Maintenance of civil structures &
plant housekeeping, repairs including spares& replacement, oil & Grease etc) , Variable
cost (covering consumables, chemicals and disposal of grit & sludge) but excludes TNEB
power charges, Diesel cost for DG set & Chlorine Dosage costs as per the tender. The
costs for these items have been worked out· separately. An amount of Rs 350.40 Lakhs
has been estimated towards these items and has been included in the estimate. Hence
the total estimated cost for the O&M works for 5 years works out to Rs 519.66 Lakhs (Rs
1.69.26 Lakhs+ Rs 350.40 Lakhs)

35
 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1. INTRODUCTION
Baseline Environmental Studies have been conducted to determine the existing status of
various Environmental attributes viz., Climatic and Atmospheric conditions, Air, Water,
Noise, Soil, Hydro geological, Land use pattern, Ecological and Socio-Economical
environment, prior to setting up of the proposed project. This study would help to
undertake corrective mitigation measures for protection of the environment on account
of any change deviation of attributes due to activities of the proposed project.

3.2. SCOPE OF BASELINE STUDY

An area, covering a 10 km radial distance from the project site is considered as the
study area for the purpose of the baseline studies. As part of Environmental and Social
Impact Assessment, this study was undertaken for a period from March 2013 to May
2013. Primary data on Water, Air, Land, Flora, Fauna & Socio-Economic data were
collected by a team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data was collected from
various Departments of State/Central Government Organizations, Semi-Government
and Public Sector Organizations. Table 3-1 gives various environmental attributes
considered for formulating environmental baseline, frequency and monitoring
methodology for various environmental attributes.

36
 Table 3-1 Baseline Environmental Components & their Attributes, Frequency & Monitoring Methodology
Attributes Sampling Measurement Method Remarks
Network Frequency
1. Air Environment
Meteorological Data
• Wind speed At project site (Site Weather Monitoring Station IS 5182 Part 1-20
• Wind direction specific) Sit-specific
• Dry bulb temperature primary data is
• Wet bulb temperature essential Secondary
• Relative humidity data from IMD-
• Rainfall Regional
Meteorological
Centre, Chennai
Ambient Air Quality
• Suspended Particulate Matter Requisite locations 24 hourly twice • Gravimetric (High – As per CPCB
(SPM) in the project a week Volume) Standards under
• Particulate Matter (PM 10) influence area • Gravimetric (High – November 18th 2009
• Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) Volume with Cyclone) Notification for
• Sulphur Di-oxide (SO2) • EPA Modified West & NAAQS
• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) Gaeke method
8 Hourly twice a • Arsenite Modified Jacob &
week Hochheiser
2. Noise Environment
Hourly equivalent noise levels Requisite locations One day Sound level meter IS: 4954-1968
in the project continuous on a

38
 influence area working and
non-working
day
3. Water environment
Parameters for water quality: pH, Set of grab samples Once Samples for water quality
temp, turbidity, Total hardness, total At requisite collected and analyzed as per
alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, locations for ground IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods
fluoride, sodium, potassium, and surface water for sampling and testing of
Electrical Conductivity, Ammonical Industrial effluents Standard
nitrogen, Nitrate-Nitrogen total methods for examination of
phosphorus, , BOD, COD, Calcium, water and wastewater
Magnesium, Total Dissolved Solids, analysis published by
Total Suspended Solids American Public Health
Association.
4. Land Environment
• Soil quality Requisite soil Once Collected and analyzed as per
• Particle size distribution samples be collected soil analysis reference book,
• Texture as per BIS M.L.Jackson
• pH specification within
• Electrical conductivity project influence
• Caution exchange capacity area
• Alkali metals
• Sodium Absorption Ratio
(SAR)
• Permeability
• Porosity
39
5. Land Use
• Location code - - • Global positioning system Drainage within the
• Total project area • Topo-sheets plant area and
• Topography • Satellite Imageries surrounding is very
• Drainage (natural) important for storm
• Cultivated, forest plantations, water impacts.
water bodies, roads and From land use maps
settlements sensitive receptors
(forests, parks,
mangroves etc.) can
be identified
6. Biological Environment
Terrestrial
Vegetation – species, list, economic One season for • Point quarter plot-less
importance, forest produce, terrestrial biota, method (random
medicinal value, Importance value in addition to sampling) for Terrestrial
index (IVI) of trees, Wild animals Vegetation vegetation survey.
Avifauna studies during • Secondary data to collect
Rare and endangered species monsoon season from Government offices,
Sanctuaries/National NGOs, published literature
park/Biosphere reserve
Socio-Economic
• Demographic structure Socio-economic • Survey is based on
• Infrastructure resource base survey is based personal interviews and
• Economic resource base on proportionate, questionnaire.
• Health status: Morbidity pattern stratified and • Secondary data from
40
• Cultural and aesthetic attributes random sampling census records, statistical
method hard books, toposheets,
health records and
relevant official records
available with Govt.
agencies

41
3.3. SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Six sampling locations are selected for Air, Water, Noise and Soil. All the samples are
analyzed and results are shown in below chapter.

The Air, Noise, Water and Soil Sampling locations were selected based on the following
criteria. The Ambient air quality monitoring locations have been designed keeping in
view the available climatological norms of predominant wind direction and wind speed
of the area.

The following points were also taken into consideration in designing the sampling
locations

 Topography and terrain of the study area.

 Populated areas within the study area.
 Residential and sensitive area within the study area.

For the noise monitoring locations the above factors has been considered. Water
sampling locations were collected based on the availability of the bore wells / open
wells in the area. Geological environment has been considered for the collection of Soil
sample collection.

3.4. MICROMETEROLOGY

3.4.1. Temperature

The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during summer and winter vary
between 34.3°C and 25.8°C. The highest temperature ever recorded is 43°C.

3.4.2. Rainfall

Thiruvallur district generally experiences hot and humid climatic conditions. The
district receives the rain under the influence of both southeast and northeast monsoons.
Most of the precipitation occurs in the form of cyclonic storm caused due to the
depressions in Bay of Bengal chiefly during northeast monsoon period. The southwest
monsoon rainfall is highly erratic and summer rains are negligible.

The average normal rainfall of the District is 1104 mm. Out of which 52% has been
received during North East Monsoon period and 41% has been received during South
West Monsoon period.

42
3.4.3. Relative Humidity

High relative humidity between 67 and 85% prevail throughout the year. Higher rates
of relative humidity are observed between November and January i.e., 83 to 85%. In the
months of June, the humidity is lower i.e., around 58%. Average relative humidity in the
morning and evening are 74 and 64% respectively. The minimum and maximum
temperature is 20°C & 37°C respectively.

3.4.4. Wind Speed & Direction

Figure 3-1 Wind rose diagram (March to May2013)

43
44
3.4.5. Cloud cover
Cloud Cover During the winter and the summer seasons, the skies are observed to be
generally very clear. In the post -monsoon season, generally light clouds were observed
i n the evenings, with clear mornings. During the monsoon season, both in the mornings
and evenings, the skies were found to be overcast

3.5. AIR ENVIRONMENT

3.5.1. Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)

The Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) status with respect to the study zone of 10 km radial
distance from the plant site formed the baseline information over which the predicted
impacts due to the proposed project were determined based on which the
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was prepared. The baseline status of the
ambient air quality can be assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air
quality-monitoring network based on the following considerations:

a) Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale

b) Topography of the study area
c) Representations of regional background levels
d) Representation of plant site
e) Representation of cross sectional distribution in the downward direction
f) Influences of the existing sources if any are to be kept at minimum
g) Inclusion of major distinct villages to collect the baseline status
h) The assessment of the impacts on air environment from the proposed activity was
carried out using ambient air quality data monitored during the study period.

3.5.1.1. Monitoring Location and Methodology

To establish the existing baseline status of air quality in and around the STP site a
network of seven AAQ sampling locations were selected within 10 km aerial distance.
The locations were decided on the basis of meteorological data and the topography of
the area. Further, a monitoring location was selected at the project site to get the
baseline status of the air quality within 10 Km around the project site. The AAQ

45
sampling locations and their direction with respect to the project site are given in Table
3.3. The Ambient Air Quality results are given in Table 3.4.

Table 3-2 Techniques used for Baseline analysis

S.No Parameter Technique

1 Particulate Matter PM10 Particulate Sampler & Fine
(PM10 & PM2.5) Particulate Sampler (Gravimetric method)
2 Respirable Particulate Respirable Dust Sampler (Gravimetric
Matter method)
3 Sulphur Dioxide Modified West and Gaeke

4 Nitrogen Oxide Jacob & Hochheiser

3.5.1.2. Results and Discussions

The existing ambient air quality at the identified locations and the corresponding
standards are presented in Table 3.4. The table below lists minimum, maximum, 98th
percentile and mean values of concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 are
monitored.

46
Figure 3-2 AAQ Sampling Location map

47
 Table 3-3 Air Quality sampling Locations
Direction with Distance with
Location Geographical Elevation Environmental
Location respect to project respect to project
Code location (mt) Setting
site site (km)

N-13º09’16.60” Empty land/

AAQ1 Project Site - - 2.13
E-80º17’11.26” Industrial Area

N-13º10’46.89” Residential Area/

AAQ2 Wimco Nagar
NE 3.40 7.31 Industrial Area
(Tiruvottiyur) E-80º18’15.87”

N-13º07’58.37”
AAQ3 Kodungaiyur SW 4.15 7.92 Residential Area
E-80º15’18.75”

N-13º07’57.65”
AAQ4 New Residential
SSE 2.43 10.06
Washermanpet E-80º17’16.60”

N-13º09’19.38”
AAQ5 Tondiyarpet E 1.48 9.14 Residential Area
E-80º18’00.20”

N-13º09’53.62” Residential Area

AAQ6 Manali WNW 3.13 8.23
E-80º15’34.40” /Industrial Area

48
 Table 3-4 Air Quality Results

PM10 PM 2.5 SO2 NOX NH3

Code Location
98 98 98 98 98
Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Min Max Avg
Per Per Per Per Per

AAQ1 Project Site 52 68 59 67.8 26 35 30 34.6 8.6 11.7 9.8 11.5 13.3 17.6 15.4 17.1 11.2 19.6 15.4 19.4

AAQ2 Wimco Nagar 57 75 65 74.1 27 39 33 38.7 8.2 10.4 9.3 10.3 15.2 21.6 18.2 21.5 15.6 25.3 20.1 23.1
(Tiruvottiyur)
AAQ3 Kodungaiyur 55 66 60 65.5 28 37 32 36.9 9.2 12.1 10.7 12.0 14.1 18.6 16.3 18.4 13.2 21.3 17.1 21.0

AAQ4 New 54 71 63 70.7 25 33 29 32.8 7.4 9.7 8.6 9.6 15.6 21.8 18.3 21.5 7.5 12.6 10.1 12.4
Washermanpet
AAQ5 Tondiyarpet 60 72 66 71.8 32 40 36 39.5 8.1 10.6 9.4 10.5 16.4 23.7 20.2 23.5 10.1 18.8 14.5 18.6

AAQ6 Manali 64 81 73 80.7 35 44 39 43.5 10.8 13.1 12.2 13.0 17.8 28.3 22.7 28.1 20.2 36.4 28.3 36.1

CPCB / MoEF Standards

Industrial /Residential /
100 60 80 80 400
Rural and Other Area

49
3.5.1.2.1. Observation for AAQ results:

The maximum value (PM10) of 81 µg/m3 was observed at Manali (AAQ6) and next
higher value of 75µg/m3 was observed at Wimco nagar (AAQ2). The lower value of 52
µg/m3 was observed at the project site (AAQ1). The maximum value (PM2.5) of 44 µg /
m3 was observed at Manali (AAQ6). Similarly SO2, NO2 and NH3 were found to be high in
Manali (AAQ4). However, all the ambient air quality levels are found to be within the
CPCB Standards.

3.6. NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The baseline noise levels in and around 2 km radius of the proposed project site were
established in-line with the Noise Standards. Noise monitoring was carried out at
following 7 locations given in the Table 3.5.

Noise levels were monitored using a calibrated portable noise level recorder on an
hourly basis for 24 hours, once at each location. Levels of noise monitored during 6 AM
to 9 PM were considered for the day noise levels and those monitored during 9 PM to 6
AM were considered for night noise levels. Day and night Leq values were computed
based on the monitored noise levels and are presented in Table 3.5.

50
Figure 3-3 Noise Sampling Location map

51
 Table 3-5 Noise Monitoring Locations & Results

Direction with Distance with Leq Leq

Location Sample Geographical Environmental Leq day
respect to respect to project Night
Code location location Setting [dB(A)] [dB(A)]
project site site ( km) [dB(A)]

N-13º09’16.60” Empty land/

N1
Project Site - - Industrial Area 51.7 41.8 50.1
E-80º17’11.26”

Tondiyarpet N-13º08’59.96”
N2 Residential Area
(Railway SSE 0.56 53.1 43.1 51.5
E-80º17’18.14”
Colony)
N-13º09’50.27”
N3 Tiruvottiyur Residential Area
NNE 1.12 52.3 42.6 50.7
(Nehru Nagar) E-80º17’26.15”

N-13º09’41.96” Industrial Area/

N4 Manali (CPCL
WNW 2.06 Highway 59.4 51.3 57.9
Entrance) E-80º16’08.28”

N-13º07’58.37”
N5 Residential Area
Kodungaiyur SW 4.15 52.8 42.8 51.2
E-80º15’18.75”

N-13º08’07.67”
N6 Residential Area
Washermanpet SSW 2.38 53.4 43.5 51.8
E-80º16’36.78”

52
3.7. WATER ENVIRONMENT

3.7.1. Surface water

Buckingham Canal lies very near to the project (Above 155 mts) and the treated water
will be discharged (31,000 m3) into the same. Sampling has been conducted and the
stud report is given in Table 3.8

3.7.2. Ground water

Ground water table in the study area during pre-monsoon is about 2.0 m BGL and about
1.5 mt BGL during post monsoon period

3.7.3. Baseline Water quality

Detailed water quality assessment is necessary in areas where there is intensive ground
water development, Industrialization and urbanization as it is also subjected to
qualitative changes in the environment around. Quality of water is influenced
considerably by the quality of its source and occurrence. In order to describe and assess
the impact on water quality by the proposed project, ground water and surface water
samples at 6 locations were collected within the 10 km radius and tested for physical
and chemical parameters.

3.7.4. Sampling and Analysis

Initially, reconnaissance survey was carried out to identify suitable water sample
collection locations. During the reconnaissance survey on site, TDS and pH were tested
and the locations were captured using GPS. While selecting the sampling locations for
detailed hydro geochemical analysis the following were given much importance.
 Those water bodies on which human activities could have an impact, either by
utilizing water or by discharging effluents.
 Water abstraction and utilization by domestic users.
Six water sources were selected for sampling for ground water and one surface water
sampling was done in B’Canal during this period. The location and source of water
samples collected are given in Table 3.6 and 3.7.

53
Figure 3-4 Water Sampling Location map

54
 Table 3-6 Water Sampling Locations

Location Geographical Direction with respect to Distance with respect

Location Type of water
Code location project site to project site ( km)

N-13º10’46.89”
W1 Tiruvottiyur NE 3.40 Ground Water
E-80º18’15.87”

N-13º09’19.38”
W2 Tondiyarpet E 1.48 Ground Water
E-80º18’00.20”

N-13º09’53.62”
W3 Manali WNW 3.13 Ground Water
E-80º15’34.40”

N-13º07’57.65”
W4 New
SSE 2.43 Ground Water
Washermanpet E-80º17’16.60”

N-13º07’58.37”
W5 Kodungaiyur SW 4.15 Ground Water
E-80º15’18.75”

N-13º09’12.83”
SW1 Buckingham Canal WSW 0.28 Surface Water
E-80º17’02.85”

55
 Table 3-7 Ground Water quality results

Limit as per
S.
Parameters Unit Test method IS 10500 : W1 W2 W3 W4 W5
No
2012

1 Colour Hazen APHA 21st EDITION 5 1 3 Nil 2 4

No Odour No Odour No Odour No Odour No Odour

2 Odour - APHA 21st EDITION Unobjectionable
Observed Observed Observed Observed Observed

IS : 3025 Part 11-

3 pH at 25°C - 6.5-8.5 7.47 7.40 7.12 7.24 6.75
1983 (Reaff: 2002)

Electrical IS : 3025 Part 14-

4 μS/cm Not Specified 6310 3980 3120 14508 4328
Conductivity, 1984 (Reaff: 2002)

IS : 3025 Part 10-1984

5 Turbidity NTU 1 0.6 1.3 BDL(<0.5) 1.0 3.1
(Reaff: 2002)

Total Dissolved IS : 3025 Part 16-1984

6 mg/l 500 3501 2266 1660 8850 2398
Solids (Reaff: 2003)

Total Hardness
7 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200 956 458 657 2490 359
as CaCO3

Total Alkalinity IS : 3025 Part 23-

8 mg/l 200 220 540 480 182 400
as CaCO3 1986(Reaff:2003)

IS : 3025 Part 32-1988

9 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 1715 813 403 4829 1005
(Reaff: 2003)

56
 APHA 21st EDI-4500-
10 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 200 271 233 242 617 237
SO42- E

APHA 21st EDI-4500-F

11 Fluoride as F mg/l 1.0 0.54 1.48 0.67 0.84 0.88
B&D

APHA 21st EDI-4500-

12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45 84 1.7 91 118 BDL(<1)
NO3- B

Ammonia as APHA 21st EDI-4500- 0.45 8.61 1.61

13 mg/l Not Specified 1.86 5.17
NH3 NH3 B&C
Phosphate as IS : 3025 Part 31-1988
14 mg/l Not Specified 3.57 0.07 0.34 0.45 0.29
PO4 (Reaff:2002)
IS : 3025 Part 45-1993
15 Sodium as Na mg/l Not Specified 920 710 270 2200 750
(Reaff:2003)

IS : 3025 Part 45-1993

16 Potassium as K mg/l Not Specified 52 8.2 64 125 32
(Reaff:2003)

IS : 3025 Part 40-1991

17 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 208 80 174 439 72
(Reaff:2003)

Magnesium as
18 mg/l APHA 21st EDITION 30 106 63 54 338 44
Mg

19 Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53-2003 0.3 0.21 0.16 BDL(<0.05) 0.31 0.41

Chemical
20 mg/l IS:3025:Part-58:2006 Not Specified 8.2 4.6 BDL(<4) 8.0 12
Oxygen Demand

BDL –Below Detectable Limit

57
 Table 3-8 Surface Water quality results (Buckingham Canal)

S. No Parameters Unit Test method SW1

1 Colour Hazen APHA 21st EDITION 37

2 Odour - APHA 21st EDITION

Odour Observed
3 pH at 25°C - IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 2002) 7.39

4 Electrical Conductivity, μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff: 2002) 3050

5 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2002) 9.6

6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2003) 1580

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 393

8 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff:2003) 550

9 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2003) 500

10 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 21st EDI-4500- SO42- E 86

11 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 21st EDI-4500-F B&D 0.55

12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 21st EDI-4500- NO3- B 1.9

13 Ammonia as NH3 mg/l APHA 21st EDI-4500- NH3 B&C 51.5

14 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff:2002) 15

58
15 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) 380
16 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) 37
17 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991 (Reaff:2003) 82

18 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 21st EDITION 46

19 Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53-2003 13.9

20 Anionic Surfactants as MBAS mg/l APHA 21st EDI 5540 C 0.22

21 Total Suspended Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 17-1984 (Reaff: 2002) 41

22 Dissolved Oxygen as O2 mg/l IS:3025:Part-38:1989 (Reaff:2003) 4.8

23 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l IS:3025:Part-58:2006 417

24 Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand at 27° C for 3 days mg/l IS:3025:Part-44:1993 (Reaff:2003) 94

25 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml IS 10500 – 1622 (1981) (Reaff – 2003) >161/100ml

26 Faecal Coliforms MPN/100ml IS 10500 – 1622 (1981)(Reaff – 2003) >161/100ml

59
3.7.4.1. Observations

Ground water resources

 The pH of ground water in the study area varies between 6.75 to 7.47 and Conductivity
varies from 1370 to 5350 µS/cm.
 TDS values were found to be from 3120 to 14508 mg/l and Total Hardness varied from 359
– 2490 mg/l. This indicates that water in the study area were very hard in nature. The Total
alkalinity also varies from 182 to 540 mg/L.
 Sodium and potassium are naturally occurring elements of groundwater. Industrial and
domestic wastes also add sodium to groundwater. It is one of the major contributors to
salinity of water. The concentration of sodium in the studied samples varied from 270 to
2200 mg/l. The potassium content ranged from 8.2 to 125 mg/l.
 The chloride content in the studied area ranged from 403 - 4829 mg/l. The sulphate, nitrate
and fluoride content in the ground water are found to be within the IS standards in all the
samples.

Surface water Resources

 The pH of surface water is slightly alkaline in nature and Conductivity is about 3050 µS/cm
which indicate that water is not saline in nature
 TDS values was found to be 1580 mg/l. Perusal on the ionic contents of the surface water
sources, the quality of surface resource are fresh to brackish in nature.
 Based on the physic-chemical analysis, the surface water samples are unacceptable for
drinking purposes.
 Dissolved oxygen levels of the surface water are more than 94 mg/l which indicate that
surface water source are good medium for aquatic life.
 It is also noted that coliforms are observed in the surface water samples (>161/100ml)

60
3.8. LAND ENVIRONMENT

It is essential to determine the type & quality of .soil in the study area and identify the
current impacts of urbanization on soil quality and also predict probable impacts due to
the proposed plant. Accordingly, a study of assessment of the baseline soil quality was
carried out.

For studying soil quality of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the
existing soil conditions in and around the 'Project area based on various land use
conditions. The physical and chemical concentrations were determined. The samples
were collected from different specified depths viz., 30cm, 60cm and 100cm

The present study of the soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics and this will
help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation
of the proposed plant. The sampling locations have been identified with the following
objectives;

 To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area.

 To determine the impact of proposed project on soil characteristics and
 To determine the impact on soils more importantly loss of fertility from
agricultural productivity point of view.

Various locations within 10-km radius of the plant site were selected for soil sampling.
At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz., 30cm,
60cm, and 100cm below the surface. The samples were analyzed for physical and
chemical characteristics. The samples have been analyzed as per the established
scientific methods for physio-chemical parameters.

61
3.8.1. Soil Characteristics

a) Soil Type
Soil type and its fertility of an area are essential to plan for cropping. Soils are primarily
derived from parent rocks. The colour, texture and mineral content are normally used
to classify the soil. The soil in the study area is classified into 3 types. They are as
follows.
S. No Soil Classification
1 Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, clayey soils
2 Very shallow somewhat excessively drained, gravelly loam soils
3 Moderately deep, moderately well drained, gravelly clay soils

Sandy clay soil type is present in of the study area.

b) Soil quality

To assess the soil quality in the study area, soil sample was collected and analyzed for
physical and chemical parameters as per the standard methods. The sampling locations
are given in Table 3.9.

62
 Table 3-9 Soil Sampling Locations

Direction with Distance with

Location Geographical
Location the respect to respect to project
Code location
project site site in km

N-13o09’16.60”
S1
Project Site - -
E-80 o17’11.26”

Tondiyarpet N-13 o08’59.96”

S2
(Railway SSE 0.56
E-80 o17’18.14”
Colony)
N-13 o09’50.27”
S3 Tiruvottiyur
NNE 1.12
(Nehru Nagar) E-80 o17’26.15”

N-13o09’53.62”
S4
Manali WNW 3.13
E-80 o15’34.40”

N-13o07’58.37”
S5
Kodungaiyur SW 4.15
E-80o15’18.75”

N-13 o08’07.67”
S6
Washermanpet SSW 2.38
E-80o16’36.78”

63
Figure 3-5 Soil Sampling Location map

64
 Table 3-10 Soil Analysis Results

S.No Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

1 pH 8.44 8.49 8.58 8.31 8.28 8.16

2 Electrical conductivity, mS/cm 0.650 0.478 0.821 0.312 0.594 0.264

3 Available Nitrogen, mg/kg 19.1 19.3 16.4 12.8 24.6 11.9

4 Available Phosphorous, mg/kg 36.8 41.7 41.5 34.9 44.7 31.7

5 Available Potassium, mg/kg 294 214 311 180 266 158

Exchangeable Calcium as Ca, m.eq /

6 4.63 4.82 6.26 3.74 5.08 4.81
100g

Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg,

7 4.48 4.32 4.91 3.16 4.55 4.38
m.eq/100g

Exchangeable Sodium as Na, m.eq /

8 1.36 1.24 1.51 1.08 1.76 0.98
100g

9 Organic matter (%) 0.38 0.52 0.48 0.31 0.71 0.37

Sandy Sandy
10 Texture Classification Clay Clay Clay Clay
Clay Clay

11 Sand (%) 41.6 32.6 26.8 46.7 30.2 51.7

12 Clay (%) 49.4 41.7 44.1 36.1 47.6 37.4

13 Silt (%) 9.0 25.7 29.1 17.2 22.2 10.9

65
Discussion:

The pH indicates that the soils in the study areas are basic in nature, with the pH
varying in the range of 8.28 to 8.58. The Electrical Conductivity was observed in the
range of 0.264-0.821 mS/cm.

The Nitrogen values are in the range of 11.9 – 24.6 mg/kg indicating that soils have very
low Nitrogen levels. The Phosphorous values are in the range of 31.7 – 44.7 mg/kg
indicating that soils have high Phosphorous levels. The Potassium values range between
158 – 311 mg/kg, which indicate that the soils have better quantity of Potassium. The
Organic matter (%) values range between 0.31- 0.71. The soil from the study area
shows that they are not fertile.

3.9. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The existing Flora and Fauna in the study area is mentioned below. As per Botanical
Survey of India records and available published literature pertaining to the study area
and current detailed study of project site, no threatened, endangered and rare plant
species were observed from the study area. No reserve forest, protected forest, turtle
breeding ground, elephant and /or tiger reserve is within 10 km radius of the project
site.

Flora

Some of the common plant species found in the study area are Hibiscus rosasinensis,
Zizyphus mauritiana, Delonix regia, Cassia marginata, Tamarindus indica, Cassia
auriculata,Terminalia catappa, Eucalyptus sp., Acacia auriculiformis etc.
 Acacia arabica
 Bambusa aryndinacea
 Lannea coromandalica
 Pongamia pinnata
 Euphorbia hypericifilia L.
 Nepuntia oleracea Lam
 Lemna Spp,
 Tamarindus indica L.
66
Field studies conducted to assess fauna in study area. On the basis of field studies and
secondary sources, there are no endangered animal species present in the study area.

Fauna

Scientific Name English Name/Local Name

Aves
Quilis contronix Grey quail
Corvus splendens House crow
Pycnonotus jokokus White browed bulbul
Tchitrea paradisi Paradise flycatcher
Oriolus oriolus India Oriole
Passer domisticus House sparrow
Cinnyris asiatica Purple sunbird
Megalaima merulinus Indian cuckoo
Hierococys varius Common Hawk Cuckoo
Centropus sinensis Crow pheasant

Reptiles
Ptyas mucosus Rat snake
Nerodia piscator Fresh water snake
Naja naja Cobra
Vipera russeli Viper
Calotes versicolor Garden lizard

Amphibian
Rana hexadactyla Frog
Rana tigrina Bull frog

Mammals
Lepus nigricollis Hare
Canis auries jackel
Funambulus Sp. Squirrel
Rattus norvegicus Fiedld mouse
Macaca radiata Bonnet monkey

3.10. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Review of secondary data (District Census Statistical Handbooks - 2001) with respect to
population, occupation structure and infrastructure facilities available for 10 km radius

67
study area. As per 2001 census the study area had a total population of 15, 557.Socio-
Economic status of the population is an indicator for the development of the region. Any
developmental project of any magnitude will have a bearing on the living conditions and
on the economic base of population in particular and the region as a whole. Similarly,
the proposed activities will have its share of socio-economic influence in the study area.
The section delineates the overall appraisal of society relevant attributes. The data
collection for evaluation of impact of proposed project on socioeconomic aspects in the
study area has been done through primary household survey method and through the
analysis of secondary data collected for the given study area.

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.1-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 2850 1552 1298 100 836
Population (0-6) 174 93 81 6.5 871
Scheduled Castes 335 179 156 12.52 872
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2337 1328 1009 87.33 760
Illiterates 513 224 289 12.67 1290
Workers 993 907 86 34.84 95
Main Workers 921 842 79 32.32 94
Main Cultivators 3 0 3 0.33
Main Agricultural
2 2 0 0.22 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 2 2 0 0.22 0
industries
Main Other Workers 914 838 76 99.24 141
Marginal Workers 72 65 7 2.53 1323
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 2
Marginal
Agricultural 2 0 2.78 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 1 1 0 1.39 0
industries
Marginal Other 69 62 7 95.83 113

68
 Workers
Non Workers 1857 645 1212 65.16 1879
Households 670

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.2-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3489 1809 1680 100 929
Population (0-6) 445 227 218 14.62 960
Scheduled Castes 435 230 205 14.29 891
Scheduled Tribes 6 4 2 0.2 500
Literates 2541 1439 1102 83.48 766
Illiterates 948 370 578 16.52 1562
Workers 1166 976 190 33.42 195
Main Workers 675 571 104 19.35 182
Main Cultivators 1 0 1 0.15
Main Agricultural
20 19 1 2.96 950
labourers
Main Workers in
household 17 12 5 2.52 417
industries
Main Other Workers 637 540 97 94.37 106
Marginal Workers 491 405 86 14.07 435
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 3 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 3 0.61
industries
Marginal Other
488 405 83 99.39 205
Workers
Non Workers 2323 833 1490 66.58 1789
Households 750

69
 TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.3-URBAN
Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 5809 3006 2803 100 932
Population (0-6) 691 362 329 13.5 909
Scheduled Castes 2057 1051 1006 40.19 957
Scheduled Tribes 1 1 0 0.02 0
Literates 4201 2388 1813 82.08 759
Illiterates 1608 618 990 17.92 1602
Workers 1901 1619 282 32.73 174
Main Workers 1030 924 106 17.73 115
Main Cultivators 4 3 1 0.39 333
Main Agricultural
0 0 0 0 14
labourers
Main Workers in
household 6 8 1.36 1333
industries
Main Other Workers 1012 915 97 98.25 84
Marginal Workers 871 695 176 14.99 127
Marginal Cultivators 4 1 3 0.46 3000
Marginal
Agricultural 4 4 0 0.46 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 24 12 12 2.76 1000
industries
Marginal Other
839 678 161 96.33 237
Workers
Non Workers 3908 1387 2521 67.27 1818
Households 1260

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.4-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 5173 2605 2568 100 986
Population (0-6) 667 334 333 14.8 997
Scheduled Castes 770 408 362 17.09 887
Scheduled Tribes 33 18 15 0.73 833
Literates 3518 1954 1564 78.07 800
Illiterates 1655 651 1004 21.93 1542
70
 Workers 1815 1509 306 35.09 203
Main Workers 1389 1171 218 26.85 186
Main Cultivators 10 6 4 0.72 667
Main Agricultural
4 2 2 0.29 500
labourers
Main Workers in
household 18 8 10 1.3 1250
industries
Main Other Workers 1357 1155 202 97.7 221
Marginal Workers 426 338 88 8.24 62
Marginal Cultivators 1 1 0 0.23 0
Marginal
Agricultural 1 0 1 0.23
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 8 1 7 1.88 7000
industries
Marginal Other
416 336 80 97.65 238
Workers
Non Workers 3358 1096 2262 64.91 2064
Households 1187

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.5-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3504 1744 1760 100 1009
Population (0-6) 437 211 226 14.25 1071
Scheduled Castes 613 315 298 19.99 946
Scheduled Tribes 7 4 3 0.23 750
Literates 2661 1420 1241 86.76 874
Illiterates 843 324 519 13.24 1602
Workers 1108 946 162 31.62 171
Main Workers 1059 918 141 30.22 154
Main Cultivators 1 1 0 0.09 0
Main Agricultural
2 2 0 0.19 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 4 3 1 0.38 333
industries

71
Main Other Workers 1052 912 140 99.34 183
Marginal Workers 49 28 21 1.4 107
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 2 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 2 4.08
industries
Marginal Other
47 28 19 95.92 679
Workers
Non Workers 2396 798 1598 68.38 2003
Households 800

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.6-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3129 1609 1520 100 945
Population (0-6) 341 178 163 12.23 916
Scheduled Castes 701 373 328 25.14 879
Scheduled Tribes 4 2 2 0.14 1000
Literates 2405 1321 1084 86.26 821
Illiterates 724 288 436 13.74 1514
Workers 894 776 118 28.57 152
Main Workers 888 773 115 28.38 149
Main Cultivators 1 1 0 0.11 0
Main Agricultural
0 0 0 0 12
labourers
Main Workers in
household 8 4 1.35 500
industries
Main Other Workers 875 764 111 98.54 93
Marginal Workers 6 3 3 0.19 14333
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
0 0 6 3 3
in Household

72
 industries
Marginal Other
100 1000 2235 833 1402
Workers
Non Workers 71.43 1683
Households 679

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.7-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4782 2464 2318 100 941
Population (0-6) 568 288 280 13.48 972
Scheduled Castes 423 213 210 10.04 986
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 3395 1890 1505 80.56 796
Illiterates 1387 574 813 19.44 1416
Workers 1541 1288 253 32.23 196
Main Workers 1422 1212 210 29.74 173
Main Cultivators 11 9 2 0.77 222
Main Agricultural
4 2 2 0.28 500
labourers
Main Workers in
household 7 5 2 0.49 400
industries
Main Other Workers 1400 1196 204 98.45 267
Marginal Workers 119 76 43 2.49 408
Marginal Cultivators 1 0 1 0.84
Marginal
Agricultural 1 1 0 0.84 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 0 0 0 117
industries
Marginal Other
75 42 98.32 560
Workers
Non Workers 3241 1176 2065 67.77 1756
Households 1049

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.8-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio

73
 Population 3372 1691 1681 100 994
Population (0-6) 380 195 185 12.7 949
Scheduled Castes 1265 619 646 42.28 1044
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2576 1391 1185 86.1 852
Illiterates 796 300 496 13.9 1653
Workers 1087 967 120 32.24 124
Main Workers 880 791 89 26.1 113
Main Cultivators 7 5 2 0.8 400
Main Agricultural
0 0 0 0 32
labourers
Main Workers in
household 22 10 3.64 455
industries
Main Other Workers 841 764 77 95.57 67
Marginal Workers 207 176 31 6.14 222
Marginal Cultivators 1 0 1 0.48
Marginal
Agricultural 2 1 1 0.97 1000
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 2 2 0 0.97 0
industries
Marginal Other
202 173 29 97.58 168
Workers
Non Workers 2285 724 1561 67.76 2156
Households 767

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.9-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio

Population 4196 2166 2030 100 937
Population (0-6) 420 204 216 11.12 1059
Scheduled Castes 287 152 135 7.6 888
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 3555 1902 1653 94.15 869
Illiterates 641 264 377 5.85 1428
Workers 1446 1268 178 34.46 140
74
 Main Workers 1309 1170 139 31.2 119
Main Cultivators 13 12 1 0.99 83
Main Agricultural
7 5 2 0.53 714
labourers
Main Workers in
household 13 11 2 0.99 182
industries
Main Other Workers 1276 1142 134 97.48 68
Marginal Workers 137 98 39 3.27 541
Marginal Cultivators 1 1 0 0.73 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 3
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 3 2.19
industries
Marginal Other
133 97 36 97.08 371
Workers
Non Workers 2750 898 1852 65.54 2062
Households 1003

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.10-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 7814 3957 3857 100 975
Population (0-6) 812 404 408 11.6 1010
Scheduled Castes 1947 987 960 27.81 973
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 6443 3426 3017 92.02 881
Illiterates 1371 531 840 7.98 1582
Workers 2643 2234 409 33.82 183
Main Workers 2380 2024 356 30.46 176
Main Cultivators 4 4 0 0.17 0
Main Agricultural
21 14 7 0.88 667
labourers
Main Workers in
household 89 38 51 3.74 1342
industries
Main Other Workers 2266 1968 298 95.21 238

75
 Marginal Workers 263 210 53 3.37 105
Marginal Cultivators 1 0 1 0.38
Marginal
Agricultural 5 5 0 1.9 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 16 4 12 6.08 3000
industries
Marginal Other
241 201 40 91.63 199
Workers
Non Workers 5171 1723 3448 66.18 2001
Households 1871

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.11-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 5037 2546 2491 100 978
Population (0-6) 517 263 254 11.44 966
Scheduled Castes 148 76 72 3.27 947
Scheduled Tribes 3 1 2 0.07 2000
Literates 3867 2076 1791 85.55 863
Illiterates 1170 470 700 14.45 1489
Workers 1503 1338 165 29.84 123
Main Workers 1406 1263 143 27.91 113
Main Cultivators 0 0 0 0 5
Main Agricultural
5 0 0.36 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 11 8 3 0.78 375
industries
Main Other Workers 1390 1250 140 98.86 110
Marginal Workers 97 75 22 1.93 373
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 2 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 2 2.06
industries

76
 Marginal Other
95 75 20 97.94 267
Workers
Non Workers 3534 1208 2326 70.16 1925
Households 1167

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.12-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4843 2428 2415 100 995
Population (0-6) 560 267 293 13.07 1097
Scheduled Castes 328 170 158 7.66 929
Scheduled Tribes 12 7 5 0.28 714
Literates 3584 1957 1627 83.68 831
Illiterates 1259 471 788 16.32 1673
Workers 1546 1350 196 31.92 145
Main Workers 1470 1302 168 30.35 129
Main Cultivators 22 13 9 1.5 692
Main Agricultural
4 3 1 0.27 750
labourers
Main Workers in
household 22 13 9 1.5 692
industries
Main Other Workers 1422 1273 149 96.73 129
Marginal Workers 76 48 28 1.57 396
Marginal Cultivators 12 0 12 15.79
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 4
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 2 2 5.26 1000
industries
Marginal Other
60 46 14 78.95 304
Workers
Non Workers 3297 1078 2219 68.08 2058
Households 1151

77
 TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.13-URBAN
Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4377 2197 2180 100 992
Population (0-6) 617 327 290 16.41 887
Scheduled Castes 290 150 140 7.71 933
Scheduled Tribes 101 58 43 2.69 741
Literates 2445 1338 1107 65.03 827
Illiterates 1932 859 1073 34.97 1249
Workers 1448 1192 256 33.08 215
Main Workers 1395 1158 237 31.87 205
Main Cultivators 2 0 2 0.14
Main Agricultural
1 1 0 0.07 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 22 5 17 1.58 3400
industries
Main Other Workers 1370 1152 218 98.21 165
Marginal Workers 53 34 19 1.21 1265
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 2 2
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 3.77 0
industries
Marginal Other
51 32 19 96.23 594
Workers
Non Workers 2929 1005 1924 66.92 1914
Households 972

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.14-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 5059 2656 2403 100 905
Population (0-6) 572 280 292 12.75 1043
Scheduled Castes 174 90 84 3.88 933
Scheduled Tribes 1 1 0 0.02 0
Literates 3991 2233 1758 88.95 787
Illiterates 1068 423 645 11.05 1525
78
 Workers 1731 1532 199 34.22 130
Main Workers 1490 1334 156 29.45 117
Main Cultivators 2 1 1 0.13 1000
Main Agricultural
2 2 0 0.13 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 13 7 6 0.87 857
industries
Main Other Workers 1473 1324 149 98.86 189
Marginal Workers 241 198 43 4.76 25
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 0 241 198 43
industries
Marginal Other
100 217 3328 1124 2204
Workers
Non Workers 65.78 1961
Households 1201

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.15-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3079 1550 1529 100 986
Population (0-6) 329 162 167 11.96 1031
Scheduled Castes 33 15 18 1.2 1200
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2423 1313 1110 88.11 845
Illiterates 656 237 419 11.89 1768
Workers 966 879 87 31.37 99
Main Workers 890 808 82 28.91 101
Main Cultivators 5 5 0 0.56 0
Main Agricultural
0 0 0 0 15
labourers
Main Workers in
household 14 1 1.69 71
industries

79
Main Other Workers 870 789 81 97.75 66
Marginal Workers 76 71 5 2.47 563
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 0 76 71 5
industries
Marginal Other
100 70 2113 671 1442
Workers
Non Workers 68.63 2149
Households 717

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.16-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4848 2516 2332 100 927
Population (0-6) 559 278 281 13.03 1011
Scheduled Castes 604 317 287 14.08 905
Scheduled Tribes 5 2 3 0.12 1500
Literates 3647 2051 1596 85.03 778
Illiterates 1201 465 736 14.97 1583
Workers 1603 1424 179 33.07 126
Main Workers 1382 1243 139 28.51 112
Main Cultivators 6 1 5 0.43 5000
Main Agricultural
3 3 0 0.22 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 10 5 5 0.72 1000
industries
Main Other Workers 1363 1234 129 98.63 83
Marginal Workers 221 181 40 4.56 94
Marginal Cultivators 1 1 0 0.45 0
Marginal
Agricultural 2 1 1 0.9 1000
labourers
Marginal Workers
1 1 0 0.45 0
in Household

80
 industries
Marginal Other
217 178 39 98.19 219
Workers
Non Workers 3245 1092 2153 66.93 1972
Households 1155

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.17-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 5870 2959 2911 100 984
Population (0-6) 649 323 326 12.43 1009
Scheduled Castes 956 452 504 18.31 1115
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 4545 2435 2110 87.05 867
Illiterates 1325 524 801 12.95 1529
Workers 1971 1621 350 33.58 216
Main Workers 1937 1604 333 33 208
Main Cultivators 32 14 18 1.65 1286
Main Agricultural
7 7 0 0.36 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 36 20 16 1.86 800
industries
Main Other Workers 1862 1563 299 96.13 258
Marginal Workers 34 17 17 0.58 706
Marginal Cultivators 1 1 0 2.94 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 2
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 1 1 5.88 1000
industries
Marginal Other
31 15 16 91.18 1067
Workers
Non Workers 3899 1338 2561 66.42 1914
Households 1424

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.18-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio

81
 Population 4052 2086 1966 100 942
Population (0-6) 445 235 210 12.34 894
Scheduled Castes 139 77 62 3.85 805
Scheduled Tribes 15 5 10 0.42 2000
Literates 3128 1696 1432 86.72 844
Illiterates 924 390 534 13.28 1369
Workers 1385 1210 175 34.18 145
Main Workers 1337 1174 163 33 139
Main Cultivators 6 4 2 0.45 500
Main Agricultural
2 0 2 0.15 0
labourers
Main Workers in
household 16 11 5 1.2 455
industries
Main Other Workers 1313 1159 154 98.2 134
Marginal Workers 48 36 12 1.18 972
Marginal Cultivators 1 1 0 2.08 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 0 0 47 35
industries
Marginal Other
12 97.92 343
Workers
Non Workers 2667 876 1791 65.82 2045
Households 963

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.19-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4288 2201 2087 100 948
Population (0-6) 401 213 188 10.32 883
Scheduled Castes 87 40 47 2.24 1175
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 3542 1888 1654 91.12 876
Illiterates 746 313 433 8.88 1383
Workers 1452 1259 193 33.86 153

82
 Main Workers 1347 1189 158 31.41 133
Main Cultivators 34 27 7 2.52 259
Main Agricultural
10 9 1 0.74 900
labourers
Main Workers in
household 4 2 2 0.3 1000
industries
Main Other Workers 1299 1151 148 96.44 118
Marginal Workers 105 70 35 2.45 200
Marginal Cultivators 14 5 9 13.33 1800
Marginal
Agricultural 1 0 1 0.95
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 2 0 2 1.9
industries
Marginal Other
88 65 23 83.81 354
Workers
Non Workers 2836 942 1894 66.14 2011
Households 1032

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.20-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4524 2374 2150 100 906
Population (0-6) 459 227 232 11.29 1022
Scheduled Castes 319 161 158 7.85 981
Scheduled Tribes 7 4 3 0.17 750
Literates 3292 1852 1440 80.98 778
Illiterates 1232 522 710 19.02 1360
Workers 1573 1350 223 34.77 165
Main Workers 1507 1298 209 33.31 161
Main Cultivators 7 4 3 0.46 750
Main Agricultural
23 10 13 1.53 435
labourers
Main Workers in
household 75 27 48 4.98 1778
industries
Main Other Workers 1402 1257 145 93.03 119

83
 Marginal Workers 66 52 14 1.46 327
Marginal Cultivators 1 1 0 1.52 0
Marginal
Agricultural 3 1 2 4.55 2000
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 3 1 2 4.55 2000
industries
Marginal Other
59 49 10 89.39 204
Workers
Non Workers 2951 1024 1927 65.23 1882
Households 1039

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.21-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4589 2343 2246 100 959
Population (0-6) 489 261 228 11.93 874
Scheduled Castes 45 21 24 1.1 1143
Scheduled Tribes 10 2 8 0.24 4000
Literates 3670 1948 1722 89.51 884
Illiterates 919 395 524 10.49 1327
Workers 1500 1274 226 32.69 177
Main Workers 1460 1251 209 31.82 167
Main Cultivators 33 10 23 2.26 2300
Main Agricultural
18 15 3 1.23 833
labourers
Main Workers in
household 18 12 6 1.23 500
industries
Main Other Workers 1391 1214 177 95.27 192
Marginal Workers 40 23 17 0.87 1435
Marginal Cultivators 9 0 9 22.5 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 0 31 23 8
industries

84
 Marginal Other
77.5 348 3089 1069 2020
Workers
Non Workers 67.31 1890
Households 1086

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.22-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3428 1690 1738 100 1028
Population (0-6) 341 174 167 11.05 960
Scheduled Castes 88 43 45 2.85 1047
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2740 1410 1330 88.76 943
Illiterates 688 280 408 11.24 1457
Workers 1129 944 185 32.93 196
Main Workers 1084 932 152 31.62 163
Main Cultivators 3 3 0 0.28 0
Main Agricultural
5 3 2 0.46 600
labourers
Main Workers in
household 13 4 9 1.2 2250
industries
Main Other Workers 1063 922 141 98.06 137
Marginal Workers 45 12 33 1.31 1417
Marginal Cultivators 1 0 1 2.22
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 13
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 1 12 28.89 12000
industries
Marginal Other
31 11 20 68.89 1818
Workers
Non Workers 2299 746 1553 67.07 2082
Households 762

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.23-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3421 1811 1610 100 889

85
 Population (0-6) 366 190 176 11.98 926
Scheduled Castes 85 40 45 2.78 1125
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2835 1566 1269 92.8 810
Illiterates 586 245 341 7.2 1392
Workers 1273 1116 157 37.21 141
Main Workers 1212 1072 140 35.43 131
Main Cultivators 10 8 2 0.83 250
Main Agricultural
11 7 4 0.91 636
labourers
Main Workers in
household 47 29 18 3.88 621
industries
Main Other Workers 1144 1028 116 94.39 199
Marginal Workers 61 44 17 1.78 1114
Marginal Cultivators 2 0 2 3.28
Marginal
Agricultural 1 1 0 1.64 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 12 3 9 19.67 3000
industries
Marginal Other
46 40 6 75.41 150
Workers
Non Workers 2148 695 1453 62.79 2091
Households 831

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.24-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 2573 1299 1274 100 981
Population (0-6) 301 161 140 13.25 870
Scheduled Castes 962 504 458 42.34 909
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 1433 787 646 63.07 821
Illiterates 1140 512 628 36.93 1227
Workers 865 650 215 33.62 331
Main Workers 760 594 166 29.54 279

86
 Main Cultivators 10 2 8 1.32 4000
Main Agricultural
5 5 0 0.66 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 4 4 0 0.53 0
industries
Main Other Workers 741 583 158 97.5 148
Marginal Workers 105 56 49 4.08 339
Marginal Cultivators 2 1 1 1.9 1000
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 0 0 103 55
industries
Marginal Other
48 98.1 873
Workers
Non Workers 1708 649 1059 66.38 1632
Households 521

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.25-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4303 2159 2144 100 993
Population (0-6) 492 248 244 12.91 984
Scheduled Castes 839 430 409 22.02 951
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 3186 1720 1466 83.6 852
Illiterates 1117 439 678 16.4 1544
Workers 1345 1192 153 31.26 128
Main Workers 1253 1119 134 29.12 120
Main Cultivators 2 2 0 0.16 0
Main Agricultural
10 8 2 0.8 800
labourers
Main Workers in
household 47 45 2 3.75 44
industries
Main Other Workers 1194 1064 130 95.29 181
Marginal Workers 92 73 19 2.14 575

87
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 1
Marginal
Agricultural 1 0 1.09 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 2 2 0 2.17 0
industries
Marginal Other
89 70 19 96.74 271
Workers
Non Workers 2958 967 1991 68.74 2059
Households 911

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.26-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 2948 1522 1426 100 937
Population (0-6) 383 227 156 14.93 687
Scheduled Castes 751 392 359 29.28 916
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 1767 973 794 68.89 816
Illiterates 1181 549 632 31.11 1151
Workers 981 802 179 33.28 223
Main Workers 880 743 137 29.85 184
Main Cultivators 4 3 1 0.45 333
Main Agricultural
2 2 0 0.23 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 27 19 8 3.07 421
industries
Main Other Workers 847 719 128 96.25 119
Marginal Workers 101 59 42 3.43 390
Marginal Cultivators 1 0 1 0.99
Marginal
Agricultural 1 1 0 0.99 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 4 1 3 3.96 3000
industries
Marginal Other
95 57 38 94.06 667
Workers
88
 Non Workers 1967 720 1247 66.72 1732
Households 636

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.27-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4047 2030 2017 100 994
Population (0-6) 567 306 261 16.29 853
Scheduled Castes 29 13 16 0.83 1231
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2125 1145 980 61.06 856
Illiterates 1922 885 1037 38.94 1172
Workers 1376 1108 268 34 242
Main Workers 1325 1080 245 32.74 227
Main Cultivators 3 2 1 0.23 500
Main Agricultural
5 2 3 0.38 400
labourers
Main Workers in
household 5 1 4 0.38 4000
industries
Main Other Workers 1312 1075 237 99.02 319
Marginal Workers 51 28 23 1.26 1357
Marginal Cultivators 3 0 3 5.88
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 0 0 48 28
industries
Marginal Other
20 94.12 714
Workers
Non Workers 2671 922 1749 66 1897
Households 898

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.28-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3005 1539 1466 100 953
Population (0-6) 308 163 145 11.42 890
Scheduled Castes 918 440 478 34.04 1086
89
 Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2262 1204 1058 83.87 879
Illiterates 743 335 408 16.13 1218
Workers 975 801 174 32.45 217
Main Workers 903 767 136 30.05 177
Main Cultivators 22 16 6 2.44 375
Main Agricultural
7 6 1 0.78 857
labourers
Main Workers in
household 4 2 2 0.44 1000
industries
Main Other Workers 870 743 127 96.35 109
Marginal Workers 72 34 38 2.4 1765
Marginal Cultivators 4 2 2 5.56 1000
Marginal
Agricultural 2 0 2 2.78
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 1 1 0 1.39 0
industries
Marginal Other
65 31 34 90.28 1097
Workers
Non Workers 2030 738 1292 67.55 1751
Households 667

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.29-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4814 2388 2426 100 1016
Population (0-6) 633 308 325 15.14 1055
Scheduled Castes 631 316 315 15.09 997
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 3222 1742 1480 77.06 850
Illiterates 1592 646 946 22.94 1464
Workers 1644 1328 316 34.15 238
Main Workers 1515 1259 256 31.47 203
Main Cultivators 13 9 4 0.86 444
Main Agricultural
4 2 2 0.26 500
labourers
90
 Main Workers in
household 149 78 71 9.83 910
industries
Main Other Workers 1349 1170 179 89.04 189
Marginal Workers 129 69 60 2.68 1275
Marginal Cultivators 2 0 2 1.55
Marginal
Agricultural 3 2 1 2.33 500
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 40 12 28 31.01 2333
industries
Marginal Other
84 55 29 65.12 527
Workers
Non Workers 3170 1060 2110 65.85 1991
Households 1042

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.30-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3660 1830 1830 100 1000
Population (0-6) 458 232 226 14.3 974
Scheduled Castes 1326 664 662 41.41 997
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2603 1393 1210 81.29 869
Illiterates 1057 437 620 18.71 1419
Workers 1286 1000 286 35.14 286
Main Workers 1159 961 198 31.67 206
Main Cultivators 3 0 3 0.26
Main Agricultural
1 0 1 0.09 0
labourers
Main Workers in
household 36 16 20 3.11 1250
industries
Main Other Workers 1119 945 174 96.55 194
Marginal Workers 127 39 88 3.47 256
Marginal Cultivators 9 0 9 7.09
Marginal
1 0 1 0.79
Agricultural

91
 labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 8 0 8 6.3
industries
Marginal Other
109 39 70 85.83 1795
Workers
Non Workers 2374 830 1544 64.86 1860
Households 826

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.31-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3530 1789 1741 100 973
Population (0-6) 363 189 174 11.46 921
Scheduled Castes 200 100 100 6.32 1000
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2817 1501 1316 88.95 877
Illiterates 713 288 425 11.05 1476
Workers 1089 952 137 30.85 144
Main Workers 1046 919 127 29.63 138
Main Cultivators 17 12 5 1.63 417
Main Agricultural
2 2 0 0.19 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 10 10 0 0.96 0
industries
Main Other Workers 1017 895 122 97.23 122
Marginal Workers 43 33 10 1.22 1970
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 2
Marginal
Agricultural 1 1 4.65 1000
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 0 0 0 41
industries
Marginal Other
32 9 95.35 281
Workers
Non Workers 2441 837 1604 69.15 1916
Households 822

92
 TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.32-URBAN
Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4216 2190 2026 100 925
Population (0-6) 466 256 210 12.43 820
Scheduled Castes 41 19 22 1.09 1158
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 3385 1829 1556 90.27 851
Illiterates 831 361 470 9.73 1302
Workers 1409 1185 224 33.42 189
Main Workers 1208 1049 159 28.65 152
Main Cultivators 43 26 17 3.56 654
Main Agricultural
3 3 0 0.25 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 28 23 5 2.32 217
industries
Main Other Workers 1134 997 137 93.87 178
Marginal Workers 201 136 65 4.77 250
Marginal Cultivators 45 16 29 22.39 1813
Marginal
Agricultural 3 2 1 1.49 500
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 6 5 1 2.99 200
industries
Marginal Other
147 113 34 73.13 301
Workers
Non Workers 2807 1005 1802 66.58 1793
Households 977

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.33-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3510 1800 1710 100 950
Population (0-6) 343 180 163 10.83 906
Scheduled Castes 16 9 7 0.51 778
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2905 1530 1375 91.73 899
93
 Illiterates 605 270 335 8.27 1241
Workers 1283 998 285 36.55 286
Main Workers 1062 811 251 30.26 309
Main Cultivators 18 15 3 1.69 200
Main Agricultural
0 0 0 0 156
labourers
Main Workers in
household 26 130 14.69 5000
industries
Main Other Workers 888 770 118 83.62 76
Marginal Workers 221 187 34 6.3 166
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 7
Marginal
Agricultural 7 0 3.17 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 6 2 4 2.71 2000
industries
Marginal Other
208 178 30 94.12 169
Workers
Non Workers 2227 802 1425 63.45 1777
Households 845

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.34-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 6041 3079 2962 100 962
Population (0-6) 613 321 292 11.29 910
Scheduled Castes 119 61 58 2.19 951
Scheduled Tribes 9 4 5 0.17 1250
Literates 4994 2653 2341 92 882
Illiterates 1047 426 621 8 1458
Workers 2036 1714 322 33.7 188
Main Workers 1963 1672 291 32.49 174
Main Cultivators 104 77 27 5.3 351
Main Agricultural
24 21 3 1.22 875
labourers
Main Workers in
36 21 15 1.83 714
household
94
 industries
Main Other Workers 1799 1553 246 91.65 265
Marginal Workers 73 42 31 1.21 429
Marginal Cultivators 10 1 9 13.7 9000
Marginal
Agricultural 2 2 0 2.74 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 2 0 2 2.74
industries
Marginal Other
59 39 20 80.82 513
Workers
Non Workers 4005 1365 2640 66.3 1934
Households 1421

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.35-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3522 1789 1733 100 969
Population (0-6) 385 184 201 12.27 1092
Scheduled Castes 82 40 42 2.61 1050
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2852 1512 1340 90.91 886
Illiterates 670 277 393 9.09 1419
Workers 1148 995 153 32.6 154
Main Workers 1081 946 135 30.69 143
Main Cultivators 7 5 2 0.65 400
Main Agricultural
4 4 0 0.37 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 15 10 5 1.39 500
industries
Main Other Workers 1055 927 128 97.59 106
Marginal Workers 67 49 18 1.9 408
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 3 2
labourers
Marginal Workers 1 4.48 500
95
 in Household
industries
Marginal Other
64 47 17 95.52 362
Workers
Non Workers 2374 794 1580 67.4 1990
Households 844

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.36-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4534 2326 2208 100 949
Population (0-6) 533 262 271 13.32 1034
Scheduled Castes 109 59 50 2.72 847
Scheduled Tribes 9 3 6 0.22 2000
Literates 3496 1905 1591 87.38 835
Illiterates 1038 421 617 12.62 1466
Workers 1540 1317 223 33.97 169
Main Workers 1436 1233 203 31.67 165
Main Cultivators 3 3 0 0.21 0
Main Agricultural
12 10 2 0.84 833
labourers
Main Workers in
household 28 16 12 1.95 750
industries
Main Other Workers 1393 1204 189 97.01 166
Marginal Workers 104 84 20 2.29 464
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 1
Marginal
Agricultural 1 0 0.96 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 5 4 1 4.81 250
industries
Marginal Other
98 79 19 94.23 241
Workers
Non Workers 2994 1009 1985 66.03 1967
Households 1101

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.37-URBAN

96
 Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4259 2193 2066 100 942
Population (0-6) 465 239 226 12.26 946
Scheduled Castes 419 218 201 11.04 922
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 3413 1831 1582 89.96 864
Illiterates 846 362 484 10.04 1337
Workers 1423 1199 224 33.41 187
Main Workers 1352 1167 185 31.74 159
Main Cultivators 2 1 1 0.15 1000
Main Agricultural
19 19 0 1.41 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 17 8 9 1.26 1125
industries
Main Other Workers 1314 1139 175 97.19 210
Marginal Workers 71 32 39 1.67 313
Marginal Cultivators 1 0 1 1.41
Marginal
Agricultural 2 2 0 2.82 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 4 0 4 5.63
industries
Marginal Other
64 30 34 90.14 1133
Workers
Non Workers 2836 994 1842 66.59 1853
Households 1002

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.38-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3176 1586 1590 100 1003
Population (0-6) 336 166 170 11.83 1024
Scheduled Castes 472 233 239 16.62 1026
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2593 1353 1240 91.3 916
Illiterates 583 233 350 8.7 1502

97
 Workers 1054 860 194 33.19 226
Main Workers 1031 847 184 32.46 217
Main Cultivators 5 2 3 0.48 1500
Main Agricultural
2 1 1 0.19 500
labourers
Main Workers in
household 17 11 6 1.65 545
industries
Main Other Workers 1007 833 174 97.67 181
Marginal Workers 23 13 10 0.72 923
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 0 23 13 10
industries
Marginal Other
100 769 2122 726 1396
Workers
Non Workers 66.81 1923
Households 705

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.39-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3721 1929 1792 100 929
Population (0-6) 423 220 203 12.83 923
Scheduled Castes 834 417 417 25.29 1000
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2908 1599 1309 88.17 819
Illiterates 813 330 483 11.83 1464
Workers 1208 1035 173 32.46 167
Main Workers 1156 995 161 31.07 162
Main Cultivators 7 4 3 0.61 750
Main Agricultural
14 13 1 1.21 929
labourers
Main Workers in
household 27 17 10 2.34 588
industries

98
Main Other Workers 1108 961 147 95.85 14
Marginal Workers 52 40 12 1.4 8475
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 1
Marginal
Agricultural 0 1 1.92
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 0 0 0 51
industries
Marginal Other
40 11 98.08 275
Workers
Non Workers 2513 894 1619 67.54 1811
Households 861

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.40-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 2606 1303 1303 100 1000
Population (0-6) 253 115 138 10.75 1200
Scheduled Castes 389 176 213 16.53 1210
Scheduled Tribes 108 53 55 4.59 1038
Literates 1844 1019 825 78.37 810
Illiterates 762 284 478 21.63 1683
Workers 805 642 163 30.89 254
Main Workers 778 631 147 29.85 233
Main Cultivators 53 16 37 6.81 2313
Main Agricultural
23 17 6 2.96 739
labourers
Main Workers in
household 3 3 0 0.39 0
industries
Main Other Workers 699 595 104 89.85 66
Marginal Workers 27 11 16 1.04 6636
Marginal Cultivators 4 2 2 14.81 1000
Marginal
Agricultural 2 1 1 7.41 1000
labourers
Marginal Workers
6 2 4 22.22 2000
in Household

99
 industries
Marginal Other
15 6 9 55.56 1500
Workers
Non Workers 1801 661 1140 69.11 1725
Households 573

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.41-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 6108 3139 2969 100 946
Population (0-6) 779 407 372 14.62 914
Scheduled Castes 357 180 177 6.7 983
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 4448 2442 2006 83.47 821
Illiterates 1660 697 963 16.53 1382
Workers 2038 1715 323 33.37 188
Main Workers 1891 1641 250 30.96 152
Main Cultivators 9 5 4 0.48 800
Main Agricultural
15 13 2 0.79 867
labourers
Main Workers in
household 47 39 8 2.49 205
industries
Main Other Workers 1820 1584 236 96.25 168
Marginal Workers 147 74 73 2.41 149
Marginal Cultivators 5 0 5 3.4
Marginal
Agricultural 2 0 2 1.36
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 14 6 8 9.52 1333
industries
Marginal Other
126 68 58 85.71 853
Workers
Non Workers 4070 1424 2646 66.63 1858
Households 1426

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.42-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio

100
 Population 4927 2532 2395 100 946
Population (0-6) 575 301 274 13.21 910
Scheduled Castes 250 129 121 5.74 938
Scheduled Tribes 4 2 2 0.09 1000
Literates 3669 2026 1643 84.31 811
Illiterates 1258 506 752 15.69 1486
Workers 1707 1453 254 34.65 175
Main Workers 1657 1414 243 33.63 172
Main Cultivators 0 0 0 0 0
Main Agricultural
0 0 0 25 10
labourers
Main Workers in
household 15 1.51 1500
industries
Main Other Workers 1632 1404 228 98.49 85
Marginal Workers 50 39 11 1.01 2282
Marginal Cultivators 1 1 0 2 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 1
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 1 2 48 38
industries
Marginal Other
10 96 263 3220 1079
Workers
Non Workers 2141 65.35 1984
Households 1176

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.43-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 11037 5684 5353 100 942
Population (0-6) 1234 633 601 12.59 949
Scheduled Castes 1291 658 633 13.17 962
Scheduled Tribes 8 4 4 0.08 1000
Literates 8237 4516 3721 84.03 824
Illiterates 2800 1168 1632 15.97 1397
Workers 3630 3130 500 32.89 160

101
 Main Workers 3162 2751 411 28.65 149
Main Cultivators 16 4 12 0.51 3000
Main Agricultural
9 8 1 0.28 889
labourers
Main Workers in
household 82 58 24 2.59 414
industries
Main Other Workers 3055 2681 374 96.62 381
Marginal Workers 468 379 89 4.24 47
Marginal Cultivators 1 1 0 0.21 0
Marginal
Agricultural 1 1 0 0.21 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 23 14 9 4.91 643
industries
Marginal Other
443 363 80 94.66 220
Workers
Non Workers 7407 2554 4853 67.11 1900
Households 2567

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.44-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 3888 2026 1862 100 919
Population (0-6) 437 228 209 12.66 917
Scheduled Castes 259 134 125 7.51 933
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 2839 1598 1241 82.27 777
Illiterates 1049 428 621 17.73 1451
Workers 1188 1049 139 30.56 133
Main Workers 1142 1021 121 29.37 119
Main Cultivators 23 17 6 2.01 353
Main Agricultural
11 9 2 0.96 818
labourers
Main Workers in
household 13 13 0 1.14 0
industries
Main Other Workers 1095 982 113 95.88 79

102
 Marginal Workers 46 28 18 1.18 1286
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 2
Marginal
Agricultural 0 2 4.35
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 18 15 3 39.13 200
industries
Marginal Other
26 13 13 56.52 1000
Workers
Non Workers 2700 977 1723 69.44 1764
Households 890

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.45-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4955 2612 2343 100 897
Population (0-6) 584 297 287 13.36 966
Scheduled Castes 488 250 238 11.16 952
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 3943 2175 1768 90.21 813
Illiterates 1012 437 575 9.79 1316
Workers 1761 1543 218 35.54 141
Main Workers 1626 1444 182 32.82 126
Main Cultivators 0 0 0 0 2
Main Agricultural
2 0 0.12 1000
labourers
Main Workers in
household 7 3 4 0.43 1333
industries
Main Other Workers 1617 1439 178 99.45 172
Marginal Workers 135 99 36 2.72 121
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 0
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 2 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 2 1.48
industries

103
 Marginal Other
133 99 34 98.52 343
Workers
Non Workers 3194 1069 2125 64.46 1988
Households 1213

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.46-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio

Population 3786 1991 1795 100 902
Population (0-6) 404 209 195 11.95 933
Scheduled Castes 682 366 316 20.17 863
Scheduled Tribes 0 0 0 0 0
Literates 3088 1716 1372 91.31 800
Illiterates 698 275 423 8.69 1538
Workers 1297 1111 186 34.26 167
Main Workers 1265 1091 174 33.41 159
Main Cultivators 114 52 62 9.01 1192
Main Agricultural
4 0 4 0.32 0
labourers
Main Workers in
household 10 3 7 0.79 2333
industries
Main Other Workers 1137 1036 101 89.88 64
Marginal Workers 32 20 12 0.85 2700
Marginal Cultivators 3 1 2 9.38 2000
Marginal
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 0 0 0 29 19
industries
Marginal Other
10 90.63 526
Workers
Non Workers 2489 880 1609 65.74 1828
Households 892

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.47-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio

104
 Population 6710 3507 3203 100 913
Population (0-6) 714 372 342 11.91 919
Scheduled Castes 1555 802 753 25.93 939
Scheduled Tribes 11 8 3 0.18 375
Literates 5321 2953 2368 88.74 802
Illiterates 1389 554 835 11.26 1507
Workers 2129 1890 239 31.73 126
Main Workers 1791 1606 185 26.69 115
Main Cultivators 6 2 4 0.34 2000
Main Agricultural
1 0 1 0.06 0
labourers
Main Workers in
household 30 23 7 1.68 304
industries
Main Other Workers 1754 1581 173 97.93 140
Marginal Workers 338 284 54 5.04 81
Marginal Cultivators 0 0 0 0 1
Marginal
Agricultural 0 1 0.3
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 7 0 7 2.07
industries
Marginal Other
330 284 46 97.63 162
Workers
Non Workers 4581 1617 2964 68.27 1833
Households 1563

TIRUVOTTIYUR (M) - WARD NO.48-URBAN

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio
Population 4872 2518 2354 100 935
Population (0-6) 579 307 272 13.49 886
Scheduled Castes 1029 514 515 23.97 1002
Scheduled Tribes 9 4 5 0.21 1250
Literates 3557 1979 1578 82.86 797
Illiterates 1315 539 776 17.14 1440
Workers 1519 1353 166 31.18 123

105
 Main Workers 1387 1244 143 28.47 115
Main Cultivators 6 5 1 0.43 200
Main Agricultural
4 3 1 0.29 750
labourers
Main Workers in
household 2 0 2 0.14
industries
Main Other Workers 1375 1236 139 99.13 23
Marginal Workers 132 109 23 2.71 5706
Marginal Cultivators 4 1 3 3.03 3000
Marginal
Agricultural 1 1 0 0.76 0
labourers
Marginal Workers
in Household 1 0 1 0.76
industries
Marginal Other
126 107 19 95.45 178
Workers
Non Workers 3353 1165 2188 68.82 1878
Households 1153

106
 4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
4.1. INTRODUCTION

Environmental Impact can be defined as “any alteration of environmental conditions or

creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or
induced by the action or set of actions under consideration”. Generally, environmental
impacts can be classified as primary or secondary impacts. Primary impacts are those,
which are attributed directly by the project while secondary impacts are those, which
are induced by primary impacts and include the associated investments and changed
patterns of the social and economic activities by the action.

This section identifies and assesses the potential changes in the environment that could
be expected from the proposed project. The impacts have been predicted for the
proposed activities assuming that the impact due to the existing activities has already
been covered under base line environmental monitoring and continue to remains same
till the operation of the project. The proposed project activities would create impact on
the environment in two distinct phases i.e., construction and operation phases. Impacts
are identified, predicted and evaluated based on the analysis of the information
collected from following:

• Project information (as discussed in Chapter-2); and

• Baseline information and site visits of the study area (as discussed in Chapter-3);

This section also describes mitigation measures, which have been suggested for the
adverse impacts likely to be caused due to activities of both construction and operation
phases of the project.

The identification of likely impacts during construction and operational phases of the
proposed project has been done based on likely activities having their impact on one or
another environmental parameters. The details of the activities and their impacts have
been worked out in the following sections.

107
4.2. IDENTIFICATION OF LIKELY IMPACTS

Every activity and operation has either adverse or beneficial impacts on the
environmental. The environmental impact identification has been done based on
proposed project activities. All the activities from construction phase to operational
phases of the project have been broadly covered, which is given in Table 4.1 and 4.2.
The activities and operations are considered on the basis of proposed process as
described in the Project Description Section 2.

108
 Table 4-1 Activity-Impact Identification Matrix for Construction Phase of the Proposed Project
Construction phase Potential impacts

Traffic and transport

Ambient Noise level

Culture/ Heritage

Agriculture in the
Socio –economic
Surface /Ground
water resources

Water Quality

Resource use
Main Activities Sub Activities

surroundings
environment

Solid waste
generation
Air Quality
Landscape

Land/Soil
Land use

(Energy)

Ecology
density
Site Site Clearing & Cleaning
Preparation Ground leveling √ √ √ √ √ √
Waste handling and its transportation
Soil Compaction
Labour Construction of Labour sheds to
deployment accommodate labour
camp siting Supply of water √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Supply of fuel/ Energy
Waste handling & its disposal
Sewage disposal
Excavation Moving of Heavy Machinery
Soil Extraction and Slacking
Soil Loading and Transportation for
Disposal
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
Various Tools Like Crow Bar
Foundations for heavy machinery
installation
Construction Power through onsite
Diesel Generators

109
Material Transportation and Unloading of
handling & material from trucks
Storage Storage &Handling of steel sheets,
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
metals, Fabricated structure, Cement,
Concrete, Bricks, Steel etc.
Conveyance of material within the
project site
Plant Building Transportation of material to
construction construction site
Preparation/ Mixing of construction
material
Supply of water Operation of √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
construction machinery (like cranes,
Concrete Mix Plant, Floor Developer,
Forklift etc,) Handling and disposal of
construction wastes , Diesel
Generator Operation
Erection of Erection of sheds -welding/ cutting
sheds, onsite Installation .of heavy
installation of machinery, pumps Mechanical
Machinery installation and sand blasting
√ √ √ √
Building Electrical installation Drilling and
Fittings Fixing Painting/ White washing
&Furnishing Disposal of Wastes (empty paint cans,
containers, electrical waste, wooden
and metal waste etc.)
Demobilization Dismantling of temporary support
of construction construction structures/ equipments
equipment Removal of construction machinery √ √ √ √ √
Transportation of Construction/
Dismantled waste
Site cleaning/ washings
Site Trials functioning of
Commissioning Production &Warehousing units,
Conveying and packing system,
√ √ √ √
plumbic fixtures, Electrical gadgets,
Fire fighting system, Effluent
treatment plant, Lifts etc.,
Recruitments
110
 Table 4-2 Activity – Impact Identification Matrix for Operation Phase of the Proposed Project

soil quality
Air quality

Ecological
Potential

resources

resources

economic
Land and

Land use

Cultural

hazards
tourism
cultural
Ground

pattern
volume
Surface
quality

quality

impact
Traffic

Onsite
Water

water

water

risks-
Noise

Socio

Agri
Activities

Transportation of man and utilities

√ √ √ √ √
materials

Operation of Assembly and Packaging

units including labeling, storage and √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
utilities functioning.

Storage of Flammables like High Speed

√ √ √
Diesel etc.

Water demand for domestic purposes &

√ √ √
utilities etc.,

Waste water disposal √ √ √ √

Wastes-packaging & other solid waste

√ √ √ √ √
disposal

Hazardous material and Waste storages √ √ √ √

Employment √
√ √

111
4.3. IMPACTS IDENTIFIED

Based on activity – impact interaction matrix for construction and operation phase of
the proposed project as shown in Table 4.1 & 4.2 respectively, following impacts have
been identified:

i. Construction phase of proposed project would have impacts on the followings:

• Topography, Land use pattern and Landscape

• Land / Soil Environment
• Surface / Ground Water Resources
• Water Quality
• Ambient Air Quality
• Ambient Noise Quality
• Traffic and Transport
• Ecology
• Socio-economic

ii. Operation phase of the project would have likely impacts on the following

• Air Quality
• Water Quality
• Ground water Resources & Surface water Resources
• Land and Soil Quality
• Noise Quality
• Traffic Volume
• Ecological
• Socio-economic
• Onsite Risks – Hazards

112
4.3.1. Construction Phase

The proposed facility is being developed at Thiruvottiyur zone, Tamil Nadu. The
development period for the initial phase is considered as 1 to 2 years.

The likely temporary and permanent changes on the topography of the site would be
following:

• Temporary – Construction of temporary shed or camps for construction workers

during construction phase, which will be for 12-16 months of the construction
phase;
• Temporary – Movement of construction vehicles like excavators, pay loaders,
trucks, other vehicles for bringing construction material and construction work
may bring minor temporary change in the land use in and around the site by
parking the vehicles on the open spaces and roads near the site and
• Permanent – Erection and installation of the various plant structures and
establishment of plant building (manufacturing block, warehouse, office etc.,)
and utilities will bring permanent change to the local land use of the site.

4.3.1.1. Impact on Air Quality

• Air quality in and around the project site would be impacted to some extent due
to construction and construction related activities. The main impact will be
• During site leveling, excavation, construction material handling etc., the likely
emissions from construction activities would include the following:
• Fugitive dust emissions from excavation work, digging, stacking of soils, filling,
handling of construction material, transportation of material, emission due to
movement of tyres and plying of heavy construction machinery etc.,
• Traffic movement at the site and also increase in traffic volume on the
connecting roads will rest in increase in vehicular emissions and
• Gaseous emissions from operation of diesel generators for power requirement
during construction phase.

113
 • However, the fugitive and other emissions due to the construction activities will
most likely remain localized and confined to the project area, but adequate
mitigation measures would be required to reduce the pollutant concentration
and prevent their spread around the site.
• The impact of emissions both from tyre movements and vehicular exhaust
emissions required to be minimized by proper maintenance of vehicles,
sprinkling of water on unpaved roads at the construction site and planned
movement of vehicles.
• The emissions from diesel generators need to be controlled to minimize impacts
of air emissions by optimized operations, orientation at the site and providing
adequate stack height for wider dispersion of gaseous emissions.
• Drawn conclusion is that no significant impact on air quality is envisaged due to
construction and related activities. Any impact on air quality will likely be
restricted within the localized area. Application of adequate mitigation measures
by the Construction Management Contractors will further reduce the intensity of
such impacts.
• Construction of Proposed Project would be carried out. However, construction
dust from Proposed Project was not considered as a key issue and therefore dust
impact from the proposed project is considered insignificant. In addition, no
other dust emitting activities has been identified to be carried out concurrently
with the proposed Project.

4.3.1.2. Impact on Noise Quality

Noise is atmospheric pollution. Noise is an unwanted sound dumped into the

atmosphere without regard to the adverse effect it may have. Noise pollution is an
“unforeseen backlash” in concentrated use of power.

The major sources of noise due to construction activities can be classified under three
heads.

• Use of heavy machineries and vehicles during construction and demolition.

• Use of transportation during building operation period.
• Operation of D.G. sets.
114
Noise pollution is the results of the inefficient design of the engines in the vehicles and
also the close vicinity of heavy traffic. The short distances between roads and buildings
increase the effect of pollution on the buildings and users.

The mains concerns during construction activities are the emissions generated by the
vehicles and the machineries. The main emissions are the noise and the vibrations,
which have been discussed below.

Noise generation disturbs the community residing nearby the site. The main sources of
noise in the process of construction and demolition activities are pulverizing, cement
concrete mixing, welding, aluminum channel folding, drilling and several other
machineries and Vibrations are caused due to heavy dumpers, DG sets, machineries and
bulk careers. These affect the vegetation, organisms as well as the structures on the site
too. There is a risk of hearing disorder in the workers.

It is envisaged that operation of these construction material will generate noise levels
between 75-80 dB (A). The combined effect of these noise sources may cross 90 dB (A)
at the construction site, however noise dissipates as it spreads in area beyond the site
boundary. There will be requirement of providing adequate mitigation measure so that
at the boundary of the construction site, the noise level can be kept less than 75 dB (A).

Noise not only interferes with the communications but also affects peace of mind, health
and behavior. Sudden loud sound can cause acute damage to the eardrum and the tiny
hair cells in the internal ear whereas prolonged noise result in a temporary loss of
hearing or even permanent impairment. It not only causes headache and irritability but
also affect the sensory and nervous system of the body.

Any behavioral changes are recorded as a result of exposure to high-level noise not only
in human being but also in animals. The undesired sound may cause annoyance. Noise
can cause tension in muscles, nervous irritability and strain. Several birds have been
observed stop-laying eggs; animal’s changes their places, and also stop migration of
birds.

115
4.3.1.3. Impact on Water Quality

During the construction process, it is necessary to use pure drinking water to prepare
lightweight concrete. It is expected that no wastewater from construction activities will
be generated onsite during construction activities except domestic sewage from
campsite. Proper mitigation measures (like provision of sewage collection tank and
soak pit) for treatment and disposal will be required for the sewage-generated onsite
during the construction phase. This will minimize any potential impacts due to
escape/discharge of untreated sewage into the nearby land or drain.

During the construction process, it is necessary to use pure drinking water to prepare
lightweight concrete; In the absence of pure water, the seawater may be used with
hydraulic lime and cement. It helps in preventing too quick drying of the-mortar.
However, it is not advisable to use sea water in making pure lime mortar or surkhi
mortar because it will lead to efflorescence.

It is assumed that no wastewater will be generated onsite during construction activities

except domestic sewage from campsite. Proper mitigation measures (like provision of
sewage collection tank and soak pit for treatment and disposal will be required for the
sewage generated onsite during the construction phase. This will minimize any
potential impact owing to the escape/discharge of untreated sewage into the nearby
land or drain.

4.3.1.4. Construction of sewage Treatment works

The proposed project involves the following construction works:

(a) Construction of a new STP comprising primary and biological treatment with
disinfection;
(b) Provision of associated sludge treatment facilities;
(c) Construction of inlet pumping mains; and Construction of Sequencing Batch
Reactors.
The potential construction water quality impacts can be categorized into land based
impacts

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A major source of terrestrial water quality impact will be run-off from storm water, and
site construction activities associated with construction works. Minimal water quality
impact is anticipated for lying of inlet pumping mains. Pollutants in the runoff would
mainly contain suspended solids from excavation or dredging and/or oil and grease
from mechanical equipment operation. Such runoff may pollute the receiving waters
when entering the river environment.

Runoff water has to be properly diverted, collected, settled, and returned to the inlet of
the sewage treatment works as much as practicable for further settling and treatment.

The anticipated impact from the construction of terrestrial components would be

insignificant. Nevertheless, for good site practice and appropriate mitigation measures
are recommended to be implemented during construction of new facilities

4.3.1.5. Impact on Land and Solid/Hazardous Waste Storage

The following solid wastes are likely to be generated during the initial construction
phase:

a) General Site Wastes

Materials and equipment used on site would produce packaging and container wastes.
Mitigation measures should include provision of a collection area where waste can be
stored and loaded prior to removal from the site. The volume of general site wastes
generated will be dependent on the Contractor’s operating procedure and practices and
cannot be quantified. With the implementation of the recommended mitigation
measures (including site practices), the potential environmental impacts resulting from
the storage, handling and transportation of general site wastes would be minimal.

b) Workforce Wastes

Throughout construction, the workforce would generate general refuse, comprising

food scraps, paper, empty containers etc., Rapid and effective collection of site wastes
will be required to prevent waste materials being blown around by wind, flushed or
leached into the environment, and odour nuisance. The amount of general refuse which
is likely to arise cannot be quantified at this time as it will be largely dependent on the
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size of the workforce employed by the contractor. Though with the implementation of
waste management practices at the site, it is not expected that there would be any
adverse environmental impacts arise from the storage, handling and transportation of
workforce wastes.

c) Maintenance and Chemical Wastes

Construction plant and equipment will require regular maintenance and servicing,
which would generate waste. Substances generated are likely to include some chemical
wastes such as cleaning fluids, solvents, lubrication oil and fuel. Equipment
maintenance activities would also involve the use of a variety of chemicals, oil and
lubricants, including heavy-duty cleaners, organic solvents, degreasers, brake fluids,
battery acid and soldering fluids.

Chemical wastes arising during the construction phase may pose serious environmental,
health and safety hazards if not stored and disposed of in an appropriate manner as
outlined in the Chemical Waste Regulations (CWR). These hazards include:

• Toxic effects to workers;

• Adverse impacts from spills on water gathering ground and other ecological
sensitive areas; and
• Fire hazards.
Materials classified as chemical wastes will need special handling and storage
arrangements before removal for appropriate treatment at the chemical waste
treatment facility. Wherever possible opportunities should be taken to reuse and
recycle materials. Provided that the handling, storage and disposal of chemical wastes
are in accordance with these requirements, adverse environmental impacts should not
result.

d) Ecology

No direct impact is envisaged in terms of felling or cutting of trees. The construction

phase of the project will thus have insignificant impact on ecology.

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e) Socio-economic

As the proposed project is located in the Sathamangalam Village, no negative impact is

envisaged on the socio-economic status of the area in terms of acquisition of agriculture
land or displacement of people etc., However, the construction phase will require
construction workers, which will largely be drawn from the local population and nearby
towns. Thus, it will provide temporary employment to number of families and that will
be a positive impact due to the proposed project.

The proposed project will also employ skilled people and that may be sought from
outside. These people will largely be based in nearby small towns.

Overall, the construction phase will have positive impact on socio-economic condition of
the people in the area, as it will provide direct and indirect revenues of income
generation.

4.3.2. OPERATIONAL PHASE

a) Impact on Air Quality

The key potential air quality impact during the operational phase of the STP would be
odour arising from sewage treatment facilities, as well as sludge treatment and
handling facilities. Major odour sources identified in the proposed STP include:

(a) Inlet works

(b) Grit chamber
(c) Equalization tank
(d) Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
(e) Centrifuge and
(f ) Screening and grit storage room and return liquor pumping station
• Four numbers of SBR units are planned to be constructed. Therefore, only four
SBR units can be put into operation during the commissioning of the Project.
• The digested sludge will be transported using closed containers during
transportation which is the common practice, since the odour carrying material
will be transported away, the resulting odour levels will be insignificant

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 • As the sludge pumping system is confined to pipes, the odour emission from it is
also considered insignificant.

b) Impact on Noise Environment

The major noise generating equipment during operational phase are the air blowers,
ventilation fans, water pumps and DG Sets.

All equipments are likely to be operated simultaneously during operational phase

except DG Set, which is used as a power backup during power failure at pump station.
However most of these equipment will be enclosed and noise impact would be reduced.
The construction STP plant buildings and other facilities as enclosure reduce the level of
noise for identified noise sensitive receivers.

The noise impact on the surrounding areas from the pumping station is not expected to
be significant since it is to be enclosed in a concrete structure.

Noise generation due to plying of vehicles on the roads bringing raw material and taking
finished products can be reduced by proper time scheduling and planning.

c) Impact on water Environment

The Proposed STP aims at improving overall ground water quality of Chennai. Raw
sewage from Chennai households would be collected, treated and discharged via the
proposed river outfall. After primary & biological treatment process, the pollution load
entering into the river environment would be almost nil compared with the existing
conditions. The impact from the proposed Project is considered to be positive. The
environmental impacts identified during operational phase are the chemical species of
concern which exists in the sewage effluent.

d) Chlorination
Chlorination will be used in Proposed STP for disinfection purpose in the effluent.

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 e) Emergency Overflow
The emergency overflow events are anticipated in case of pump failure, the electrical
power supply interruption, mechanical failure of primary, secondary and tertiary
treatment units, .disinfection units, as well as blockage of river outfall. These emergency
overflow events· is expected to be iii-frequent and of short duration. The emergency
overflow due to electrical power supply interruption will be prevented by using DG Set.

f) Solid Waste Generation & Impact on Land-Sludge

Sludge will be produced from the primary and secondary biological treatment of the
sewage. The arrangements of sludge dewatering and disposal, namely on site centrifuge
dewatering scheme would be adopted. The dewatered Sludge would be used as manure.
The wet-sludge would be stored on site temporarily and would be barged for further
treatment at regular intervals to prevent any excessive odour emission. The storage
container would be covered to minimize the potential odour nuisance.

The grit collected from the pumping stations will be utilized for filling the low lying
areas. The screenings removed from the pumping stations &process will be given to
concerned local body for disposal into Solid Waste Management Facility.

g) Other Operational waste

Small amount of domestic waste from site management offices, and chemical waste
during equipment maintenance. Improper onsite storage of domestic waste can rise the
adverse environmental impact such as odour nuisance, vermin and pests, water quality
impacts, and adverse visual impacts.

h) Impact on Heritage or Cultural Aspects

There are no historical monuments and structures in the proposed area and
insignificant impact is envisaged from the proposed project on heritage or cultural
aspects in the study area.

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4.3.3. MITIGATION MEASURES

4.3.3.1. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The impacts during the construction phase on the environment would be basically of
transient nature and expected to reduce gradually on completion of the construction
activities. In order to mitigate them, the following measures are proposed.

• The construction site would be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet
facilities for workers to maintain proper standards of hygiene. These facilities
include provision of septic tank followed by soak pit and maintained to ensure
minimum impact on nearby water bodies and environment;
• The diesel generators (DG Sets) to be installed will be in conformance with
recent requirement of acoustic enclosure to achieve 75 dB (A) level at 1m from
its enclosure. It is also advisable that on site workers using high noise equipment
adopt noise personal protective devices;

a) Good practices in construction management

Some good practices in construction facilitate waste reduction, easy collection and
segregation as given below.

1. The explosive for blasting and excavation should be stored in a standard

container. Hazardous materials must not be stored near surface waters and
should be stored near plastic sheeting to prevent leaks and spills. The handling of
explosives should be strictly according to the guidelines as prescribed by the
Department of Explosives.
2. Delivery of material on site must be done over a durable, impervious and level
surface, so that first batch of material does not mix with the site surface.
Availability of covered storage should be assured. Mobile and covered storage
boxes with easy drawing and filling mechanism can be used, which can be used
over a number of sites.
3. Demolished brick masonry and concrete is a good material for filling. Steel from
RCC must be carefully segregated and rest of the material should be crushed on

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 site only. Crushed masonry and concrete is even good for manufacture of
synthetic aggregate.
4. The recyclable items like metal, plastic should be sent to recyclable industry, and
rest of this scrap should be stored in a covered area.
5. Dry processes of construction are effective for reduction of water requirements
and even the waste generation. Use of Interlocking bricks, pre-cast roofing and
wall panels etc. will be suitable for this purpose.
6. Materials, which are durable and do not require frequent maintenance, should be
used. Exposed brickwork in hot and dry climate with Class I bricks requires
minimum maintenance. Instead of using stone masonry, stone cladding is a
better way to minimize the maintenance.
7. Wherever materials (aggregates, sand, etc.) are more likely to generate fine
airborne particles during operations, nominal wetting by water could be
practiced. Workers / labour should be given proper air masks and helmets.
8. Skilled labour and good workmanship is must for judicial utilization of materials
and minimizing the waste.
9. Construction is more of management. Proper estimate of material is a very first
measure to minimize the undue wastage.
10. Contaminated runoff from storage should be captured in ditches or ponds with
an oil trap at the outlet. Contaminated plastic sheeting should be packed and
disposed off site.
11. Communities nearby the blasting site should be consulted before deciding
blasting timings / durations and they should be informed / evacuated as
required with the knowledge of the district collector’ office.
12. Bitumen emulsion should be used wherever feasible. Contractors should be
encouraged to heat with kerosene, diesel or gas to gradually substitute fuel
wood. Fuel wood usage for heating should be limited to unsound log i.e. dead and
fallen trees.
13. Bitumen should not be applied during strong winds to avoid danger of forest fire.
Bitumen emulsion should not be used in rains. No bitumen must be allowed to
flow into the side drain. The bitumen drums should be stored in a designated
place and not be scattered along the roadside.
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 14. Rubbish, debris and bitumen wastes remaining after blacktop works should be
cleaned and disposed off in a safe place.
15. Materials wasted on site should be reused at the same place. For example, use of
excavated earth in landscaping, or use of waste pieces of floor tiles in floor of
porch or outdoor spaces, or use of remaining pieces of glass from window panes
into ventilators, skylights and boundary wall, or reuse of ply and other timber
pieces into furniture etc.,
These practices suggest the measures for reduction of waste. However, each type of
waste needs special attention and specific kind of management, as the wastes from
different activities poses different characteristics.

b) Ambient Air Quality

i.) Mitigation measures to control air pollution by plants

The Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) Regulations shall be implemented during
the construction activities to minimize the dust impact. It is recommended that typical
dust control methods including the following good site practices should be incorporated
during construction phase:

• Stockpiles of imported material kept on site shall be contained within hoarding,

dampened and/or covered during dry and windy weather.
• Material stockpiled alongside trenches should be covered with tarpaulins.
• Stockpile of cement should be covered entirely by impermeable sheeting.
• All dusty materials shall be sprayed with water prior to any loading, unloading or
transfer operation so as to keep the dusty materials wet.
• Water sprays shall be used during the delivery and handling of sands aggregates
and the like.

Vegetation buffers can minimize the build –up of Air pollution levels in urban areas by
acting as pollution sinks. Studies have established that air pollution, smoke and sulphur
di oxide leads to an exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases and they are linked to
lung cancer, pneumonia, tuberculosis, chest disease in children, stomach cancer and

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cardiovascular diseases. Lead from vehicle exhausts may have an adverse effect on
mental health of children, asbestos from disintegrating clutch and break linings has
been considered as a casual factor in lung cancer.

Plant leaves function as efficient gas exchange system. Their internal structure allows
rapid diffusion of water soluble gases. These characteristics allow the plant to respire
and Photosynthesis and they can also remove pollutant from the air. Some of the
beneficial results of plantations may be

• They are good absorbers of sulphur dioxide. Parks with trees have an SO2 level
lower than city streets
• Roadside hedges can reduce traffic generated air borne lead, on leeward side
• Heavy roadside planting in the form of shelterbelts can result in reduction in
airborne lead
• Complete dust interception can be achieved by a 30 m belt of trees. Even a single
row of trees may bring about 25 percent reductions in airborne particulate

The three main criteria for selection of plants may be:

• Trees, shrubs should have dense foliage with a large surface area, because leaves
absorb pollutants.
• Evergreen trees are found to be more effective.
• The species chosen must be resistant to pollutants, particularly in the early
stages of their growth.
The following species may be examined for their likely potential for pollution control:

• Acacia arabica (Babul)

• Citrus species
• Dyospyros species
• Ficus bengalensis (Banyan)
• Ficus religiosa (Peepal)
• Lillium spp. (Lily)
• Polyathia lotigifolia (Ashok)

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 • Tamarindus indica (Imli)
• Thuja occidentallis (Cedar)
• Prospis Juliflora (Mesquite)
• Zizypus jujuba (jujuba), etc.

Filtering of pollutants is most effective when plants are close to the source of pollution.
The design of shelterbelts against pollution is similar to those for protection from wind.
They should be permeable to encourage air turbulence and mixing within the belt.
There should be no large gaps. The profile should be rough and irregular and should
present a tall vertical leading edge to the wing. Spaces should be left within the
shelterbelt to allow gravity settlement of particles.

ii) Mitigation measures for dust control

a) Paving- Paving is a more permanent solution to dust control, suitable for longer
duration projects. Paving may be an appropriate solution for access roads to large
development projects, where the road can eventually be incorporated in the overall
plan for the area. Another appropriate use of paving might be "maintenance" projects,
such as parking lots and material storage areas, where gravel cover is not adequate for
dust control or erosion.

Applying Dust Suppressants - There are many types and brands of chemical dust
suppressants which work by binding lighter particles. Biodegradable suppressants may
be applied as a surface treatment to "seal" the top of an area, or may be applied using a
mixing method that blends the product with the top few inches of the land surface
material. It is important to note that used oil may NOT be used as a suppressant.

b) Graveling- Applying locally found gravel to access roads and lots adds a
protective layer over the exposed soil and helps control dust generation in some
situations. It is important that gravel contain a minimal percentage of fines and clean
gravel be added periodically, as the fines migrate to the surface and create dust.

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Using Water Sprays - Water spray through a water truck for large projects, is an
effective way to keep dust under control. Misting systems and sprinklers are
mechanisms that can be employed to deliver continuous moisture. Keep in mind,
however, that fine mists should be used to control fine particulate. The size of the water
droplet must be comparable to the size of the dust particle so that the dust adheres to
the water.

There are several constraints to using water. Water can be very costly for larger
projects in comparison to other methods. Heavy watering can also create mud, which
when tracked onto paved public roadways, must be promptly removed. Also, there must
be an adequate supply of clean water nearby to ensure that spray nozzles don’t get
plugged.

c) Reducing Vehicle Speed - High vehicle speeds increase the amount of fugitive
dust created from unpaved areas. Reducing the speed of a vehicle to 20 kmph can
reduce emissions by a large extent. Speed bumps are commonly used to ensure speed
reduction. In cases where speed reduction cannot effectively reduce fugitive dust, it may
be necessary to divert traffic to nearby paved areas.

d) Material storages/warehouses- Care should be taken to keep all material

storages adequately covered and contained so that they are not exposed to situations
where winds on site could lead to dust / particulate emissions. Fabrics and plastics for
covering piles of soils and debris is an effective means to reduce fugitive dust. Straw and
hay can also be used to cover exposed soil areas, although they can be disturbed by
wind and vehicles.

Cleaning Up Spills Promptly- Spills of dirt or dusty materials must be cleaned up

promptly so the spilled material does not become a source of fugitive dust. When
cleaning up the spill, ensure that the clean-up process does not generate additional
dust. Similarly, spilled concrete slurries or liquid wastes should be contained cleaned
up immediately before they can infiltrate into the soil/ground or runoff in nearby
areas.

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 e) AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY

i. Provision for DG sets

The other norms for DG sets are that the diesel generator sets should be provided with
integral acoustic enclosure at the manufacturing stage itself. There must be sufficient
space for Fuel Tank inside canopy. There must be enough space to house panel. There
must be Strong and Heavy-duty steel base frame for housing D.G. Set. There must be
provision for Air-Intake and Air-Exhaust silencer(s) for preventing leakage of sound.
There must be a provision of Operable doors for easy access to virtually every part of
D.G. Sets. There must be Provision of additional screen and hoods for multi-medium
noise suppression.

Noise limits for DG sets- The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel
generator (DG) sets with rated capacity up to 125 KVA, manufactured on or after the 1st
July, 2003 shall be 75 dB(A) at 1 meter from the enclosure surface.

The Canopies are must for DG sets and must meet CPCB norms of government of India
for noise Pollution effective July 2004 and Environment protection Rules, 1986 schedule
1, by Ministry of Environment and Forests.

f) WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY

Water management includes various aspects such as water conservation, wastewater

treatment, rainwater harvesting, reuse and recycling of water etc., the objective of water
management covers the following issues:

• Minimizing the demand of water required within building, landscape, process

(air-conditioning etc) and construction.
• Techniques, best practices and standards for recycling of wastewater
• Minimize the load on the municipal supply and groundwater sources through
recycling of water
• Techniques for rainwater harvesting including estimation of the potential of
rainwater harvesting for different region.

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Measures for quality control of various water source such as fresh water, underground
water, municipal, tankers, rainwater and recycled water.

a) Measures for reducing water demand during construction

To avoid wastage of curing water, following guidelines are to be followed:

• Curing water should be sprayed on concrete structures; free flow of water should
not be allowed for curing.
• After liberal curing on the first day, all concrete structures should be painted
with curing chemical to save water. This will stop daily water curing hence save
water.
• Concrete structures should be covered with thick cloth/gunny bags and then
water should be sprayed on them. This would avoid water rebound and will
ensure sustained and complete curing.
• Ponds should be made using cement and sand mortar to avoid water flowing
away from the flat surface while curing.
• Water pounding should be done on all sunken slabs; this would also highlight the
importance of having an impervious formwork.

To minimize the potential water quality impacts from construction site runoff and
various construction activities. Perimeter channels are to be installed in the works areas
to intercept runoff at site boundary prior to the commencement of any earthwork.
Intercepting channels are to be provided to prevent storm runoff from washing across
exposed soil surfaces. Drainage channels are also required to convey site runoff to
sand/silt traps and oil interceptors. Regular cleaning and maintenance are to be
provided to ensure the normal operation of these facilities throughout the construction
period.

It is anticipated that the wastewater generated from the works areas would be in small
quantity as the construction scale is not considered large. The construction programme
should be properly planned to minimize soil excavation in rainy seasons. This would
prevent soil erosion from the exposed soil surfaces. Any exposed soil surfaces should

129
also be properly protected to minimize dust emission. Exposed stockpiles should be
covered with tarpaulin or impervious sheets at all times.

Good site practices should be adopted to clean the rubbish and litter on the construction
sites so as to prevent the rubbish and litter from dropping into the nearby river
environment. It is recommended to clean the construction sites on a regular basis.

g) Sewage from Workforce

The presence of workforce for the construction generates domestic sewage. It is

anticipated that during the construction, domestic sewage will be collected and
discharged to the Soak pit for proper treatment. The amount of sewage generated by the
workforce is not significant.

4.3.3.2. OPERATIONAL PHASE

a) Air environment

The gaseous pollutants will be generated mainly from Diesel Fuel combustion from
diesel generators, material handling and also from operation of transportation vehicles.
Following measures should be taken up for control of gaseous emissions:

 The emission' source i.e., diesel generators will have adequate stack height will
conformance to the set norms of GPGS as described in section
 Diesel generators will be operated only for emergency power backup. Regular
maintenance of diesel engines has to be ensured;

A part from the above, the possible sources of dust emission will be the transportation
vehicles. These will mainly contribute to NOx and Carbon Monoxide. Since the truck
trips are less, vehicular emissions will be insignificant. However, management will
ensure that all the private and commercial vehicles entering into the site are in proper
condition and there is no visual sign of major emissions from the vehicles. Also it is to be
ensured that all the vehicles are regularly holding valid Pollution under Control
Certificates. The recommended mitigation measure to minimize potential odour impact

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is to enclose all the major odour sources. The sludge should be carried by enclosed
container during sludge transportation.

b) Water Resource and Quality

Following mitigation measures are proposed for sewage effluent disposal:

Discharge of treated effluent will be diverted to the emergency overflow pipe if the case
of damage of river outfall pipe. Under normal circumstance, each process unit will be
backed up with a standby unit. .The standby generator will ensure the continuous
electricity supply for the STP. From the water quality point of view, the discharge of
treated effluent from the emergency overflow pipe will likely meet the minimum
effluent standard for this project. As such, the emergency overflow pipe serves as a
standby unit for the river outfall pipe from this perspective.

For conditions where damages occurred in any of the STP unit, standby unit will be
operated and the designed treatment capability would be restored immediately to
ensure that water quality of the effluent can meet the discharge requirement. Hence, no
observable impact to both the canal outfall and the emergency overflow pipes is
anticipated. Under abnormal conditions where any treatment units fail to achieve the
targeted effluent quality, the impact to the receiving water body can be alleviated
through the dilution after discharging from the canal outfall or emergency overflow
pipes. Notwithstanding that the chance of such failure is unlikely to occur, the impact is
considered acceptable as the effect will only happen in short-run.

In the case of STP overflow, raw sewage may also be diverted to emergency overflow
outfall although discharge through river outfall is more preferable for dilution and
dispersion. In an extreme situation where no electricity supply is available (including
the failure of the standby generator), the impact from the untreated raw sewage can
also be alleviated through the initial dilution after discharging from river outfall for
emergency overflow pipes. Although the level of E coli. may be over the acceptable

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range, this approach is considered as the best option in view of the low chance of
discharging the raw sewage directly to the receiving body in a long run.

Based on the above, it is extremely unlikely that major duty and standby units of the
STP, the river outfall pipe and electricity supply would have problem simultaneously.
Besides, it is very rare that the event will last for a long time. Hence, the probability of
diverting the discharge via emergency overflow is quite low.

c) Solid and Hazardous Waste

The Sludge would be dewatered on site by centrifuge and utilized as manure in the later
stage of STP operation when necessary. The grit collected from the pumping stations
will be utilized for filling low lying areas. The screenings removed from the pumping
stations & process will be given to concerned local body for disposal into Solid Waste
Management Facility.

It is also recommended to cover the storage container before disposal to minimize the
potential odour nuisance.

d) Socio-Economic aspect

The proposed project will be established in Sathangadu, Thiruvottiyur therefore no land

acquisition and other social impact of any form is envisaged from the project. The
project will provide employment to local people during both construction and
operation. The employment would be in form of permanent and temporary as well as in
contract form. The management would abide by all legal requirements for hiring of
temporary and permanent employment for the project.

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 5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1. OBJECTIVES

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to manage environmental

impacts from the proposed project and to ensure sustainable development in the
study area. The Project Authority will work together with State Government
agencies including Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Department of Industrial
Safety and Hygiene etc., to achieve harmony with its proposed operations and the
local environment. In proposed project pollution control measures should be taken
right at the designing, planning, technology .selection, raw material sourcing and also
in form of maximum reuse/recycling of materials within proposed intra units. In
addition to above measures, Project Authority should also follow the-end-of-pipe
treatment approach to minimize emission/discharge of pollutants in to the
environment.

Site-specific EMP is formulated to mitigate significant adverse environmental impacts

that are identified and quantified in the process of baseline and impact assessment.
An EMP also ensures that the resources are utilized to maximum extent, waste
generation is minimized, residuals treated adequately and by-products are recycled
to the extent possible. The overall strategy could not only cut down the pollution
costs, but also result in saving in the cost production.

The Construction & Operational phase of EMP recommends, control measures to be

adopted during the construction & operation activities. The management plan aims
at controlling the pollution at source wherever possible with available and
affordable technology. This section also proposes environmental management plan
to manage any potential impact on the environment.

5.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan is essential for effective

implementation of identified mitigation measures during the operation phase.
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Construction of STP and pumping stations will be carried out by the contractor. The
contractor will be selected by the competent authority of CMWSSB based on the
technical capability and price quoted. The successful contractor will train the technical
staff of the concern local bodies and CMWSSB during the construction and operation
phase of sewerage scheme. Once the contractual obligation is over, then the trained
technical personnel will undertake the job of operation and maintenance of the entire
sewerage scheme.

5.2.1. Managing Impact on Vegetation

5.2.1.1. Precautionary Measures

There is no activity of tree cutting for the proposed STP. Hence, no need to implement
the precautionary measures to mitigate the impacts due to clearing of vegetation during
the construction phase.

5.2.1.2. Compensatory Measures

Green belt of 6800 m2 is proposed to implement in the project site and around 600 trees

of native species will be planted

5.2.2. Management of Noise impacts

Following precautionary measures are recommended for the management of noise

impacts during construction phase:
 To minimize the impact, construction operations in residential and sensitive
areas will be restricted to between 7.30 am and 6.00 pm
 Prior information will be provided if the blasting is necessary.
 Noise level will be reduced by provision of encasement to generator sets and
concrete mixers at the sites.
 Operators of heavy machinery and workers in near vicinity will be provided with
ear plugs and other protective measures for safety.

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5.2.2.1. Managing Impacts due to movement of Construction Machinery

 Precautionary measure will be adopted in order to avoid adverse impacts due to

traffic congestion
 The most suitable route for delivery and haul equipment with due consideration
for load
 limits, traffic pattern and the character of the area traversed will be selected
 Traffic controls and diversions, marked with signs, lights and other measures
(flags) should be provided. This is necessary to minimize confusion and ensure
public safety. Police and fire departments will be informed before any route is
closed. Also routes will not be closed until an alternative road is identified
 Should follow the prescribed safe, legal laid limits of all bridges and surface
roads that may be traversed by the heavy equipment to be used at the project
site.

5.2.2.2. Noise impacts and required mitigation measures

In operational stage, one DG set of capacity 125 KVA will be installed with inbuilt

acoustic enclosure as per the CPCB guidelines.

5.2.2.2.1. Impacts on Noise Environment

The potential impacts on the Noise environment envisaged from the proposed facility

are outlined below:

Table 5-1 Potential Impacts on Noise Environment due to the

Proposed Facility

Phase Potential Noise Sources

Construction Site Preparation

 󲐀 Heavy Earth moving equipment at site

󲐀 Soil compaction by vehicles

󲐀 Construction Activity

󲐀 Vehicle Movement

Operational  󲐀 Vehicle movement

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 󲐀 Proposed STP operations

5.2.2.2.2. Noise Impacts – Construction Phase

Sources of noise pollution during the construction of the facility is from the plant and
machinery comprising of mainly bull dozers, Front end loaders, standby generators, and
other heavy earth machinery used in construction in addition to the vehicular
movement within the project boundary.

5.2.2.2.3. Noise Impacts – Operation Phase

The major noise generating equipment during operational phase is the air blowers,
ventilation fans, water pumps and DG Sets.

All equipments are likely to be operated simultaneously during operational phase

except 'DG Set, which is used as a power backup during power failure at pump station.
However; most of these equipment will be enclosed and noise impact would be reduced.
The construction of STP plant buildings and other facilities 33 enclosure reduce the
level of noise for identified noise sensitive receivers.

The noise impact on the surrounding areas from the pumping station is not expected to
be significant since it is to be enclosed in a concrete structure. Noise generation due to
plying of vehicles on the roads bringing raw material and taking finished products can
be reduced by proper time scheduling and planning.

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 Table 5-2 Impact and Mitigation Measures for Noise Emissions
S.No Sources of Impact Mitigation Measures

1. During 1. Machineries used During construction activities equipments such as

Construction in vibrating machines, concrete mixers, compressor,
Phase Construction brakers, and road rollers are used. To maintain the
activity. tolerant noise level, the above mentioned
equipments in operation are properly maintained
in good condition by providing necessary oil &
grease and quality components. In addition to that
the required spare parts will be kept for
replacement in the construction site.

We advocate good practices of Operation and

2. Vehicular Noise maintenance of vehicles so that tolerant noise
levels will be maintained. During unloading of
3. Unloading and materials and shifting of materials proper care will
shifting of be taken effectively by educating the drivers and
materials. cleaners about handling of various types of
materials so that a tolerant noise level to the
surrounding area can be maintained.

2. During  DG set and  Inbuilt acoustic enclosure will be provided

Operational Blowers for the DG set and silencer, air release
Phase valve, design of downstream equipments
 Motors and for blowers.
Pumps  The motors and pumps are selected in such
a way that the noise levels will be in the
range of 40 – 55 dB.
 Ear plugs and Ear muffs will be provided
for the workers near noise generating
sources.
 Thick canopy type of trees will be planted
to attenuate noise any arising from the STP

5.2.2.2.4. Technical Specification for Acoustic Enclosure

The acoustic enclosure will be of free standing, floor mounting type integral with the DG
set. The enclosure will be provided with rugged heavy-duty structural steel base frame
with chequered plate flooring on which the DG set is to be mounted. The enclosure will
be prefabricated factory – built and modular in construction, so that it can be easily
assembled at site around the DG set. The enclosure will consist of acoustically treated
137
panels housed in rugged steel frames, which will be bolted together to form the body of
the enclosure. Sliding doors will be provided, on either side, which will also be
acoustically treated, thereby providing easy access to the DG set while minimizing the
operating space requirements. The construction of the acoustic enclosure will be such
that with both the acoustic doors open on the either side, full access is available to the
engine and attenuator. For fresh air inlet into the system a parallel baffle air inlet
silencer will be provided. Additionally, to augment the fresh air inlet requirements, a
forced air ventilation duct with associated silencer will be provided above the
alternator. For hot air discharge, an acoustic discharge plenum will be provided in front
of the engine radiator, for discharge of hot air into the surroundings through a parallel
baffle air outlet silencer. The enclosure will have suitable openings in the roof module
for exhaust piping. Acoustic enclosure Designed to meet stringent MoEF/ CPCB norms
of 75 dBA at 1mtr at 75% load under free field conditions.

5.2.2.2.5. Design Features of Acoustic Enclosure:

Accessories:
 Silencer suitably optimized to meet stringent sound emission standards
laid down by MoEF / CPCB
 Base rail with integral fuel tank (285 liters capacity) is provided with
drain plug, air vent, inlet and outlet connection, level indicator, manhole
etc.
 2 x 12 V dry, uncharged batteries with connecting leads and terminals
Acoustic enclosure:
 Specially designed to meet stringent MoEF/ CPCB norms of 75 dBA @
 1mtr at 75% load under free field conditions
 Designed to have optimum serviceability
 Air inlet louvers specially designed to operate at rated load even at 500C
 air inlet temp.
 Made on special purpose CNC machines for consistency in quality and
 workmanship
 Powder coated for long lasting service life and superior finish
 With UV resistant powder coating, can withstand extreme environments
138
  Use of stainless steel hardware
 Insulation material meets exacting IS 8183 specs for better attenuation

5.2.3. MANAGING IMPACT ON AIR POLLUTION

Construction activities and the consequent transportation activities add to the air
pollution in the region. Impact of the air pollution will be moderate and short term at
sewage pumping stations, STPs and while laying sewer lines.

5.2.3.1. Precautionary Measures

 It is recommended that the construction equipment, machinery and diesel

engines be maintained in good condition so as to reduce emissions
 Dust should be controlled by sweeping and sprinkling with water. Mud will be
washed from all construction equipment and vehicles prior to hauling on roads
 Trucks carrying dust and sand to and fro to the construction site will be covered
or wetted in accordance with the construction specification prescribed to
minimize release of dust.

5.2.4. MANAGING IMPACT OF ODOUR NUISANCE

Table 5-3 Odour Generation Sources and its Design Measures:

S.No Work Site Main Sources of Design Measures
Offensive Odour
1 Sewage Receiving Chamber Treatment System is designed in such a
Treatment way that, there will not be any
Plant stagnation of waste water in the
receiving chamber
Bio-Aeration Tank The Bio-Aeration tank will be in live
condition, the sewage will be treated
and only excess digested bio-sludge will
be let out to the Centrifuge unit thereby
avoiding the offensive odour.
Sludge sump. Green belt will be developed around the
STP site for control of odour nuisance to
the surrounding areas. Odour absorbing
plant species will be incorporated in the
green belt.

139
5.2.5. MANAGING IMPACT DUE TO LABOUR CAMPS

Considering the long construction period of the project, the local and migrant labourers
will pose some stress on utility services, such as water supply and sanitation.

5.2.5.1. Precautionary Measures

Planning of labour camps needs to be done with adequate water supply, sanitary
facilities and drainage in temporary colonies of the construction workers, necessary
transportation facilities to the labourers will be provided.

5.2.5.2. INSTALLATION OF MAIN PUMPING STATION

The main pumping station is located inside the project site. The land to be alienated for
locating the pump house is open land without squatters or structures, or trees or crops.
There are no project affected persons (PAPs). The possible environmental issues are (a)
Noise (b) Smell.

The pump house is located sufficiently away from the dwelling areas. Adequate care
would be taken to ensure that the noise levels of the pumps and motors are within
permissible limits. Trees will be planted around the pump houses to reduce the noise.
Spillage of sewage in the pump house will be avoided to ensure that there is no bad
smell emanating from the area. UGSS are responsible for Main Pumping Station.

5.2.5.3. Laying of Pumping Main

Pumping main will be laid along the beam of the road. The possible environmental issue
is leakage from the pipeline leading to smell and soil/water contamination. During
installation pipeline would be tested to ensure that there would be no leakage. The
pumping main will be inspected at regular intervals and any leakages noticed will be
attended at the earliest notice.

140
5.2.5.4. Safety Measures:

 The station site will be enclosed with 1.8m chain link fence, lockable gates,
designed to discourage entry by unauthorized persons and animals.
 Provide safety, unauthorized entry and municipal address signage, as per City
standards;
 Handrails and guards will be installed around tanks, trenches, pits, stairwells,
and other hazardous areas.
 All personnel must be trained to operate and maintain pumping station
equipment and facilities to the satisfaction of the Pollution Control Operation.
 Gas detection and monitoring equipment where required. Where gas alarms are
provided, install an indicator light outside the building so that the operator can
check gas levels before entering the building.
 Portable ventilation and blower equipment, intrinsically safe, with sufficient
hose, where required;
 Portable lighting equipment intrinsically safe, where required;
 Confined space entry shall comply with the Pollution Control Operation and
OHSA regulations.
 Facility design and layout shall have due regard to make confined space entry
user friendly, optimizing sight and retrieval lines.
 Adequate ventilation in pumping chambers.

5.2.5.5. FACILITY FOR WORKERS

Within the plant site during construction phase, the base emanating such as toilet,
drinking water, electricity health and safety gadgets will be provided.

5.2.5.6. SAFETY PRACTICES

5.2.5.6.1. During the Plant Construction:

1. All personnel in the construction area to wear safety gears such as shoes, helmets,
hand gloves.

141
2. All personnel working at height to wear Safety belt clinged on to nearby permanent
support System.
3. Approved scaffold materials will be used during construction.
4. All Construction will be carried out after necessary approvals from the respective
Municipal authority. Deviations shall be recorded and notified to concern parties for
approval before construction.
5. The person who works in the welding areas of the pipeline will be provided with
goggles, welding shield, gloves etc, as protective measures.
6. Electrical workers who undertake works in electrical cabeling, transformer erection,
high tension poles erection areas will be provided with electrical hand gloves, gum
boots etc as preventive safety measures.
7. During erection of underground pipelines and tank surface connecting areas, proper
work permit will be given and approved by Project Manager and then the work will be
executed.

5.2.5.6.2. During the Plant Operation:

1. All O&M personnel will be provided with Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) for
protection from hazardous or harmful substances. PPE includes gloves, face shields,
goggles, helmets and other protective shields, canisters and barriers.
2. Standard operating procedures will be provided for the workers involved in the O&M
of STP and the same procedure will be followed for routine and preventive
maintenance.
3. All storage tanks will be covered with RCC cover slab with Access man holes and steps
for maintenance access. Necessary ventilation facilities are provided for non-
accumulation of obnoxious gases. Also aeration is provided in the storage tanks.
4. All process tanks are provided with walkway slab all around with handrails.
5. A safety officer nominated by the contractor in approval of the municipal authority
will give a regular safety training to work force in a monthly or quarterly basis in a year.
6. All the employees who work in STP site will be given safety training and they will be
allowed to operate STP.
7. A good practice of safety is maintained by way of a safety week once in six months
and awareness programmes will be conducted once in six months.
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5.2.5.7. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN:

5.2.5.7.1. Preventive measures

1. Employees must know how to report an emergency. This may include the activation
of pull alarms or notifying the facility security center. Consideration must be given to
methods of notifying local agencies such as the fire department.
2. All emergency phone numbers should be identified, listed in the emergency
preparedness plan and posted. Emergency phone numbers should include any facility
numbers, local agencies, and any emergency-facility personnel. Consideration should
also be given to recovery of operations.
3. Safe shutdown procedures for equipment should be established to prevent
equipment damage and additional hazards. Evacuating employees to a safe location is a
top priority.
4. The emergency preparedness plan should be a working document used for training
and practice. The plan must be updated to reflect any changes in the workplace.
5. Employees must understand the hazards of flammable and combustible materials and
proper handling procedures.
6. Only approved piping, containers, tanks, and rooms designed, safeguarded, and
constructed specifically for the storage and handling of flammable and combustible
liquids, including waste solvents, should be allowed for use.
7. All use and storage locations of flammable and combustible materials and wherever
danger could be caused by ignition must be identified and posted with appropriate "NO
SMOKING" signage. Management must ensure that all personnel adhere to the posted
safety warnings.
8. Safety shoes or boots with non-slip soles will be provided to the workers at site.
9. Personal protective equipment and chemical resistant clothing to avoid exposure of
skin or eyes to corrosive and/or polluted solids, liquids, gases or vapors.
10. No employees will be allowed to mix chemicals without the supervision of a
qualified chemist orproject manager.

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11. Safety instructions regarding the storage, transport, handling or pouring of
chemicals will be strictly followed.
12. Electrical equipment for safety before use will be checked; verified that all electric
cables are properly insulated.
13. Extreme care will be taken when handling highly corrosive agents such as liquid or
gaseous chlorine, concentrated acids or alkalis, or when toxic gases may be emitted
from the reagents, etc.
14. The workers will not be allowed to smoke, eat or drink in areas where chemical or
biological contamination may be expected.
15. All workers will undergo periodic examinations by occupational physician to reveal
early symptoms of possible chronic effects or allergies.

5.2.5.8. COMPONENT BASED SAFETY MEASURES FOR O & M STAFFS:

5.2.5.8.1. Safety Measures for the Persons working in the Inlet Pumping
Station/ Screening/ Grit Area.

1. Gas detection and monitoring equipment where required. Where gas alarms are
provided, install an indicator light outside the building so that the operator can check
gas levels before entering the building.
2. Operation staff must wear high-vis jackets at all times when working in the area.
3. All PPE (gloves, ear protectors, safety boots, waterproof overalls, etc.) must be worn.
4. Wearing of hard-hat is recommended.
5. Spillages must be cleaned up immediately.
6. The area should be kept clean and clutter free.
7. Be aware of who is in the area/buildings - challenge and enforce the safety rules.
8. Note location of firefighting equipment and alarm points.
9. Note the location of First Aid boxes and other help information.
10. Hands and exposed skin areas should be washed with the anti-bacterial soaps.
11. No smoking - follow welfare procedures.
12. Report poor housekeeping to the Plant Supervisor.
13. Drive work vehicles slowly and safely. Be aware of pedestrians and other vehicles.

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14. Training – Safe Pass, Chemical Awareness, First-Aid, Fire

PPE Required:

High-vis jacket or vest, waterproof overalls, standard overalls, hard hat, safety boots,

gloves dust mask, ear protectors, safety glasses (standard)

Operating the screens

For the operation and servicing of the inlet screen units

Hazards Identified:

1. Noise

2. Mechanical hazards

3. Biological contamination

4. Electrical shock risk (maintenance)

5. Hot surfaces on motors

6. Sharp objects in screenings

Persons at Risk:

Staff, Fitter, Contractors

Control Measures:

1. Before commencing start-up procedures check that maintenance is not being

performed.
2. Wear gloves and face protection
3. Replace all safety covers/inspection hatches.
4. Inexperienced operatives must be supervised.
5. Do not attempt work you are not trained for. E.g. electrical work is to be performed by
the Electrician.
6. Tie back loose clothing and long hair.
7. Fix ladders securely. Never work from a ladder.
8. Be aware of who is in the building - challenge and enforce the safety rules.
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9. Note location of firefighting equipment.
10. No smoking - follow welfare procedures.
11. Report all faults, unusual occurrences immediately to Plant Supervisor.
12. Training – Safe Pass, Chemical Awareness, Fire.

PPE Required:

High-vis jacket or vest, waterproof overalls, standard overalls, hard hat, safety boots,

gloves dust mask, ear protectors and safety glasses.

Other Hazards Considered Low Risk

1. Electrical shock risk during normal operation of equipment

2. Poor housekeeping

3. Inexperienced operators

4. Contractor awareness

Work in the Generator Room:

For the operation and maintenance of the stand-by generator

PPE Required:
High-vis jacket or vest, waterproof overalls, standard overalls, hard hat, safety boots,
gloves dust mask, ear protectors, and safety glasses.
Other Hazards Considered Low Risk:
1. Electrical shock risk during normal operation of equipment
2. Toxic gas generation e.g. carbon monoxide from engines
3. Mechanical hazard (except during maintenance)
4. Burns from hot engine
5. Acid spill from batteries
6. Working from height over engine
7. Fire risk – mechanical

Work in the MCC area:

146
For persons involved in the operation and maintenance of the MCC control panels
Hazards Identified:
1. Noise
2. Trip & Falls
3. Openings in ground level ducts
4. Low height objects
5. Fire risk – electrical
Persons at Risk:
Staff, Fitter, Contractors
Control Measures:
1. Before commencing start-up procedures check that maintenance is not being
performed.
2. Replace all safety covers/inspection hatches.
3. Inexperienced operatives must be supervised.
4. Do not attempt work you are not trained for. E.g. electrical work is to be performed by
the Electrician.
5. Tie back loose clothing and long hair.
6. Fix ladders securely. Never work from a ladder.
7. Be aware of who is in the building - challenge and enforce the safety rules.
8. Note location of firefighting equipment.
9. No smoking - follow welfare procedures.
10. Report all faults, unusual occurrences immediately to Plant Supervisor.
11. Training - Safe Pass, Chemical Awareness, Fire.
PPE Required:
High-vis jacket or vest, hard hat, safety boots, gloves, dust mask, ear protectors, safety
glasses.
Other Hazards Considered Low Risk:
1. Electrical shock risk during normal operation of equipment
2. Security and vandalism
3. Poor housekeeping
4. Inexperienced operators
5. Annually 2 of 2
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6. Contractor awareness

Working in the Primary Tank

For persons entering and working in the Collection tank Area
Hazards Identified:
1. Drowning Risk
2. Fall from Height
3. Biological contamination
4. Trips and Falls
Persons at Risk:
Staff, Fitter, Contractors, Visitors.
Control Measures:
1. Before commencing start-up procedures check that maintenance is not being
performed.
2. Wear correct PPE.
3. Note location of life buoys.
4. Fix ladders securely. Never work from a ladder.
5. Use harness or other safety measures if entering a tank.
6. Do not walk on scraper bridge unless necessary.
7. Training – Safe Pass
PPE Required
High-vis jacket or vest, waterproof overalls, standard overalls, hard hat, safety boots,
gloves dust mask, ear protectors and safety glasses.

Work in the Air Blower Building:

For the operation and servicing of the air blower units
Hazards Identified:
1. Noise
2. Mechanical hazards
3. Hot surfaces on motors
4. Electrical shock risk (maintenance)
5. Housekeeping

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6. Oil spillages
7. Slips & trips
Persons at Risk
Staff, Fitter, Contractors
Control Measures
1. Before commencing start-up procedures check that maintenance is not being
performed.
2. The wearing of ear protection is mandatory when working in the air blower building.
3. Replace all safety covers/inspection hatches.
4. Inexperienced operatives must be supervised.
5. Do not attempt work you are not trained for. E.g. electrical work is to be performed by
the Electrician.
6. Tie back loose clothing and long hair.
7. Be aware of who is in the building - challenge and enforce the safety rules.
8. Note location of firefighting equipment.
9. No smoking - follow welfare procedures.
10. Report all faults, unusual occurrences immediately to Plant Supervisor.
11. Fix ladders securely. Never work from a ladder.
12. Noise monitoring to be conducted annually.
13. Clean up spills immediately. Dispose of oil and rags safely - waste rags, etc. can pose
a fire risk.
14. Tidy up tools and other equipment such that it does not pose a trip hazard.
15. Training - SafePass, Chemical Awareness, Fire.

PPE Required:
High-vis jacket or vest, standard overalls, hard hat, safety boots, gloves dust mask, ear
protectors and safety glasses.
Other Hazards Considered Low Risk:
1. Electrical shock risk during normal operation of equipment
2. Poor housekeeping - trip hazards
3. Contractor awareness

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5.2.5.8.2. Safety Measures for the Persons working in the Bio Aeration
Tank/ Primary and Secondary Clarifiers/ Sludge Thickener Area.

1. Operation staff must wear high-vis jackets at all times when working in the area.
2. All PPE (gloves, ear protectors, safety boots, waterproof overalls, etc.) must be worn.
3. Wearing of hard-hat is recommended.
4. Note the location of First Aid boxes and other help information.
5. Training – Safe Pass
6. Fix ladders securely. Never work from a ladder.
7. Use harness or other safety measures if entering a tank.

PPE Required:
High-vis jacket or vest, waterproof overalls, standard overalls, hard hat, safety boots,
gloves dust mask, ear protectors, safety glasses (standard)

5.2.5.9. SAFE HANDLING OF CHLORINE

Moving:
 Use a properly balanced hand truck with clamp or chain to move full chlorine
cylinders.
 Never use a chain, rope sling or magnetic device to lift chlorine cylinders.
 Use a suitable lifting beam in combination with a hoist or crane of at least two
tons capacity to lift chlorine ton containers.
 Never move chlorine containers without valve outlet cap (s) and protection hood
in place.

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Storing:
 Store all chlorine containers, full or empty in a clean, well-ventilated fire-
resistant area, away from all heat sources and segregated from other
compressed gas containers.
 Keep area free of trash to avoid fire hazard. Avoid sub-surface storage area.
 Store full and empty containers separately.
 Provide a suitable gas mask for every employee involved with chlorine handling.
 Provide suitable respiratory protective equipment at the outside of chlorine
rooms, near the entrance, and at several other locations if chlorine is used wide
area.
 Inspect all such equipment at regular intervals and after each use.
Fire:
 Move chlorine containers immediately from fire areas.
 If they cannot be moved notify fire-fighting personnel that chlorine containers
are in the fire area.
 Apply water to cool containers that cannot be moved provided no chlorine is
escaping keep all unauthorized persons a safe distance away.
Emergency precautions:
 Hold head high, as the chlorine concentration is greatest at floor level.
 Keep mouth closed.
 Avoid deep breathing and gasps caused by coughs.
 Seek safety.

Fire extinguishers at the site during Operation Phase

CO2 based fire extinguishers of suitable capacity and numbers will be provided at the
site near the substation, PMCC/MCC and control rooms before start of work. The fire
extinguishers will be fully updated before the operation phase. These fire extinguishers
will be installed in such a manner that their use is facilitated in case of fire emergency.
First aid kit will also be provided containing all the materials, medicines necessary for
treatment of cuts, wounds, burns etc. The materials in the kit will be checked and
replenished periodically.

151
5.2.5.10. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH:

Infectious diseases are serious potential health hazards at Sewage Treatment Plant.
Some general recommendations for the prevention of disease include:
1. Wear heavy-duty rubber gloves (especially if the hands are out or have open sores)
and boots that are not water absorbent and are resistant to punctures.
2. Wear protective clothing including goggles, if there is any chance of wastewater
spraying into the air.
3. Change uniforms or other protective clothing that is visibly soiled or contaminated as
soon as possible.
4. Work clothes should be separated from other household laundry and washed in the
hot water cycle.
5. Shower before changing into clean clothing and shoes to be worn home. Workplace
bathrooms, showers, and locker facilities should be clean, well-maintained, adequately
supplied with soap, towels or hand driers.
6. Wash hands frequently, with soap and water after coming in contact with wastewater
and hands should also be washed at the end of the work shift.

152
 Table 5-4 Environmental Management Plan for Pre-Construction
Phase
S.No Potential Negative Mitigation measures Time frame Responsible
Impacts agencies
1 Clearances Clearances from TNPCB: Before
Application submitted to construction
DEE, TNPCB,
Kancheepuram District
for Consent to Establish
(CTE) and obtained the
same
2 Tree cutting i) The proposed STP site Pre-
identified is a barren land construction
and does not involve tree &
cutting. Hence, there is no construction
activity of tree cutting for phase
the proposed STP site.

ii) And also, there is no

tree cutting activity in
laying line of treated
sewage disposal.
3 Utility Relocation The common utilities like Pre-
telephone cables, electric construction
cables, electric poles, &
water pipelines, public construction
water taps, etc will not be phase
affected by construction
and operation of the
proposed STP site.
4 Baseline parameters Baseline parameters have Construction
been recorded during the &
EA study and monitoring Operation
would be carried out as phase
per plan provided.
5 Planning of There will be no major Pre-
temporary impact on traffic due to construction
traffic arrangements the proposed project. &
And also it will not affect construction
the roadways and phase
pathways.
6 Disposal of treated i) Since the Consent to Pre-
wastewater Establish has been construction
obtained from TNPCB, & post
the construction activity construction
153
 of STP has been started phase
and operation activities
for STP will be initiated
only after obtaining CRZ
Clearance from TNCZMA
and Consent to Operate
from TNPCB

ii) The quality of treated

sewage will comply with
the discharge standards
for disposal into water
body.
iii) Performance
standards will always be
maintained, ensuring
efficient working
condition of treatment
plant.
7 Permission for For the Disposal of Pre- Water resource
disposal treated sewage at 150m construction organization
line away from STP site, the & post (WRO) –PWD
pipeline is proposed to be construction for discharge of
laid along the area phase treated sewage
allotted for CMWSSB to into B’Canal
disposal point. Hence,
does not necessitate for
obtaining any
permission.
8 Storage of materials Pipes and other During
construction materials construction
would be stored in the
shed with asbestos
roofing at vacant portion
available in the STP site.
9 A Labour Camp was A Labour Camp was During
established established within the construction
within the STP site STP site for temporary
for temporary shelter to the labour
shelter to the labour deployed for
deployed for construction activities.
construction The labour camp was
activities. The constructed to house
labour approximately 60
camp was labours. Adequate
constructed to potable water was
house supplied through tanker
154
 approximately 60 and bore well water
labours. Adequate source also there.
potable water was Temporary sanitation
supplied through facility was provided for
tanker and bore well construction workers.
water source also
there. Temporary
sanitation facility
was provided for
construction
workers.

Table 5-5 Environmental Management Plan for Construction Phase -

Sewage Treatment Plant
S.No Potential Mitigation measures Time frame Responsible
Negative agencies
Impacts
1 Compensatory There is no tree cutting
plantation of trees involved, however as two
rows of trees are planned
along the periphery of the
STP site in the directions Pre-
of North, East and South construction
and Three rows in Wes and
Direction. In case any tree construction
cutting arises
compensatory plantation
of twice the number of
trees felled will be done in
the vacant land available
in the STP site.
2 Protection of top The top soil will be During
soil and protected and compacted construction
Environmental after completion of work.
enhancing Top soil from the STP area
will be stored in stock
piles and used for
gardening purposes.
3 Disposal of A suitable site will be During
construction identified for safe construction
debris and disposal, in relatively low
excavated lying areas, away from the
materials. water bodies, residential
and agricultural fields etc.,
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 and got approved by the
Engineer. Care will be
taken that the dumped
material does not affect
natural drainage system.
4 Pollution from i) All location and lay-out During
Fuel and plans of such sites will be construction
Lubricants submitted prior to the and
establishment and will be operation
approved by the Engineer.
ii) We ensure that all
vehicle / machinery and
equipment operation,
maintenance and
refueling will be carried
out in such a fashion that
spillage of fuels and
lubricants does not
contaminate the ground.
iii) We will arrange for
collection, storing and
disposal of oily wastes to
the pre-identified disposal
sites (list to be submitted
to Engineer) and
approved by the Engineer.
All spills and
collected petroleum
products will be disposed
off in accordance with
MoEF and state PCB
guidelines.
5 Contamination of i) Contamination of During
ground water ground water quality is operation
not envisaged as the
treated water quality will
comply with the
standards laid down by
PCB for disposal onto
river.
ii) The sludge arising from
the treatment plant would
be dried and disposed off
by the CMWSSB
periodically. The bio-
sludge from the sludge
156
 thickener is dewatered
and the expected quantity
of about 4.7 tons/day. The
recommended mitigation
measure to minimize
potential odour impact is
to enclose all the major
odour sources. The sludge
should be carried by
enclosed container during
sludge transportation.

ii) Regular monitoring of

the treated sewage
quality and ground water
quality in the nearby
areas will be done and
ensure compliance with
PCB standards.
6 Water pollution All precautionary During
from construction measures will be taken to Construction
wastes prevent the wastewater
generated during
construction from
entering into streams or
the irrigation systems. All
waste arising from the
project will be disposed
off in B’Canal that is
acceptable by TNPCB
7 Impact of To avoid the problems of During
surrounding areas foul smell polluted air, Construction
insects, noise pollution
and other problems
buffer zones will be
provided in the form of
green belt around the STP
site.
8 Informatory signs Erection and maintenance During
and hoardings of informatory, safety Construction
signs, hoardings written
in English and local
language wherever
required will be provided.
9 Risk from All required precautions During

157
 Electrical will be taken to prevent Construction
Equipment(s) danger from electrical
equipment and ensure
that
i) No material will be
stacked or placed as to
cause danger or
inconvenience to any
person or the public.
ii) All necessary fencing
and lights will be
provided to protect the
public in construction
zones. All machines to be
used in the
construction will conform
to the relevant Indian
Standards (IS) codes, will
be free from patent defect,
will be kept in good
working order, will be
regularly inspected and
properly maintained as
per IS provision and to
the satisfaction of the
Engineer.
10 Disposal of i) The treated water During
treated waste quality will be complied Construction
water with the standards of
TNPCB before let out into
the stream and necessary
permission has been
obtained from the
concerned department.
ii) Efficient working
condition of treatment
plant will be maintained.
iii) Stream water and
other water bodies
receiving STP discharge
will not be polluted.
11 Disposal of The sludge should be During
sludge carried by enclosed operation
container during sludge
transportation. It will be
disposed as manure and

158
 to be used by farmers

12 Labour camp and A Labour Camp was Pre-

facilities established within the Construction,
STP site for temporary and
shelter to the labour operation
deployed for construction
activities. The labour
camp was constructed for
approximately 40
labourers. Adequate
potable water was
supplied to the labourers
from the available tank
and bore well
water in the site.
Temporary sanitation
facility was provided for
construction workers.
13 Safety aspects i) Adequate precautions During
will be taken to prevent Construction
the accidents and from
the machineries. All
machines used will
confirm to the relevant
Indian Standards code
and will be regularly
inspected by the PIA.
ii) Where loose soil is met
with, shoring and
strutting will be provided
to avoid collapse of soil.
iii) Protective footwear
and goggles will be
provided to all the
workers employed on
mixing of materials like
cement, concrete etc.
iv) Welders protective eye
shields will be provided to
workers who are engaged
in welding works.
v) Earplugs will be
provided to workers
exposed to loud noise, and
workers working in
crushing, compaction, or
159
 concrete mixing
operation.
vi) All necessary safety
appliances such as
safety goggles, helmets,
safety belts, ear plugs,
masks etc., to workers
and staffs will be
provided. We will comply
with all the precautions as
required for ensuring the
safety of the workmen as
per the International
Labor
Organization (ILO)
Convention No.62 as far
as
those are applicable to
this contract.
vii) We make sure that
during the construction
work all relevant
provisions of the
Factories Act, 1948 and
the Building and other
Construction
Workers Act, 1996 are
adhered to.
viii) We will not employ
any person below the
age of 14 years for any
work and no women will
be employed on the work
of painting with products
containing lead in any
form.
14 First Aid The following During
arrangements will be Construction
made for the workers:
i) A readily available first
aid unit including an
adequate supply of
sterilized dressing
materials and appliances
as per the factories Rules
in every work zone.
ii) Availability of suitable
160
 transport at all times to
take injured or sick
persons to the nearest
hospital.

Table 5-6 Environmental Enhancement and Special Issues

S.No Environmental enhancement and special Location Implementing

issues Agency
1 Flora and Chance We ensure that reasonable Project area
found Fauna precaution will be taken to
prevent workmen or any
other persons from
removing and damaging
any flora
(plant/vegetation) and
fauna (animal) including
fishing in any water body
and hunting of any animal.
If any wild animal is found
near the construction site
at any point of time, it will
be immediately reported to
the nearby forest officer
and appropriate steps
measures will be taken in
consultation with the
forest officials.
2 Chance found i) STP site does not fall Project area
Archaeological under the sensitive area.
Property ii) All fossils, coins, articles
of value of antiquity,
structures and other
remains or things of
geological or
archaeological interest
discovered will be dealt
with as per provisions of
the relevant legislation.
Care will be taken to
prevent the workmen from
removing and damaging
any such article or thing.

161
3 Monitoring of i) Seasonal monitoring of Project area
environment Air, Water, Noise and Soil
parameters quality will be done.
ii) The parameter will be
monitored according to
Environmental Monitoring
Plan.
4 Sensitive Areas i) The dust and noise Project area
impacts due to vehicle
movement during
construction and their
effectiveness will be
checked and minimized
with precautionary
measures.
5 Clearing of Site restoration plans will During
construction be prepared for approval construction
of camps and by the engineer. On period
restoration completion of the works,
all temporary structures
will be cleared away, all
rubbish cleared, excreta or
other disposal pits or
trenches filled in and
effectively sealed off and
the site will be left clean
and tidy.
6 Tree Protection, i) Due protection will be Corridor of
Tree Planting given to the tree that might Impact
fall in the shoulders /
corridor of impact.
ii) Construction of Masonry
tree guards,
Low level RCC tree guards,
Circular Iron Tree Guard
with Bars, use of plate
compactors near trees will
be provided wherever
necessary.
iii) Re-plantation of at least
twice the number of trees
cut will be carried out
along the project area.
Planting of trees along the
entire stretch of road will
be carried out as an
enhancement measure.
162
 iv) Growth and survival of
trees planted will be
monitored at least for
period of 5 years. Survival
status will also be reported
on monthly basis to
Engineer

5.2.5.11. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

To monitor the extent of environmental impact of the proposed project, the ambient
environmental quality along the proposed project area should be monitored
periodically. The monitoring requirement for the different environmental components
is presented in Table 5-8.
Table 5-7 Environmental Monitoring Plan
AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Project stage Pre-Construction, Construction & Operation Phase
Parameter PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb and Odour
Sampling Method specified by CPCB for analysis
method
Standards Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Rules, CPCB, 1994
Frequency Once before start of work & once every season of the year during
construction period and every season of year at two locations during
operation period.
Duration Continuous 24 hours / or for 1 full working day
Sampling Two stations – 1. STP boundary in the downwind direction
Location i). Project Site
2. Nearest residential area
ii) Institutions and schools are located away at a distance of 1.5 km
away from the
STP site in W direction.
Measures Wherever air pollution parameters increase above specified
standards, additional measures as decided by the engineer will be
adopted
Implementation Will be implemented through approved monitoring agencies
Supervision Implementing agency
WATER QUALITY MONITORING

Project stage Pre-Construction, Construction & Operation Phase

Parameter pH, TDS, TSS, Total Hardness, Oil & grease, Fluoride, Chloride, Iron –
During Pre-Construction & Construction Phase
pH, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, Total Hardness, Oil & grease, Fluoride,
163
 Chloride, Iron – During Operation Phase
Sampling Grab sample collected from source and analysis as per Standard
method methods for examination of water and wastewater
Standards Indian standards for Inland Surface Water (IS: 1226, 1982) and for
Drinking water (IS: 10500, 191)
Frequency Once before start of work & Once every season of the year during
construction and Monthly once in a year at outlet of the STP and at
one location two times per year (ground water) during operation
period.
Duration Grab sampling
Sampling 1)Outfall of the STP site (Buckingham canal)
Location 2) Ground Water
i) Nearest Bore wells

Measures At locations of increase in water pollution, all inflow channels will be

checked for pollution loads and channel delivering higher pollution
loads will be terminated from disposal into the water source and
other methods of disposal will be adopted.
Implementation Will be implemented through approved monitoring agencies
Supervision Implementing agency
NOISE LEVEL MONITORING
Project stage Pre-Construction and Operational phase
Parameter Noise level on dB (A) scale noise levels on dB (A) scale
Special Free field at 1m from the equipments whose noise levels are being
Guidance Determined
Equivalent noise levels using an integrated noise level meter kept at
a distance of 15m from edge of pavement
Standards MoEF Noise Rules 2000
Frequency Once every season during construction period and at two locations
three months once in a year during operation period.
Duration Readings will be taken at 15 seconds interval for 15 minutes every
hour and then averaged.
Location At two locations, near the equipment yard, or at sensitive Area.
1. Project Site
2. School located at distance of 0.45 km away from the STP site in
West direction.
Measures Increase of noise levels causing disturbance to the sensitive
receptors, management measures as suggested in the EMP will be
carried out.
Implementation Will be implemented through approved monitoring agencies
Supervision Implementing agency.
SOIL QUALITY MONITORING
Project stage Pre - Construction and Construction
Parameter Monitoring of Pb, SAR and Oil & Grease
Sampling Sample of soil collected to be acidified and analyzed using absorption
method
164
Standards Threshold for each contaminated set by IRIS database of USEPA until
national standards are promulgated.
Frequency During the pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons for the
construction and operation period.
Duration Grab sampling
Location At one location in the point of sludge disposal or where the dried
sludge is used as manure.
Measures At location of increase in pollution level, source will be identified and
will be diverted from future disposal.
Implementation Will be implemented through approved monitoring agencies.
Supervision Implementing agency.

Apart from the above mentioned monitoring requirements, any major

accidents/spillage during bulk transport of hazardous materials will also be monitored.
Depending on the type of spillages/accidents the parameters to be monitored will be
decided by the engineer and will be carried out through approved monitoring agencies
and supervised by the implementing agency at their own cost.

Table 5-8 Issue based remedial measures

S.No ISSUE POSSIBLE SUGGESTED ACTION
CAUSE
1 Intermittent High intermittent Adjust pumping rates to keep close to rates
Surging of flow pumping rates. of flow or install or adjust baffling to
reduce inlet velocity and to have effective
across the width of tank
2 Unusual or Increase in Clean screens more often and report
Excessive domestic sewage.
screenings
3 Bubbles rising Septic conditions Report and empty tank completely as soon
in tanks as possible.
4 Sludge pipes Sludge so thick / Clean more often
Choke Sludge contains Clean grit chamber more often.
grit
5 Odour 1. Receiving Greenbelt will be developed around the
2. Chamber STP site for control of odour nuisance to
3. Bio-Aeration the surrounding areas.
Tank
4. Sludge sump.
6 Noise 1. DG set and  Inbuilt acoustic enclosure will be
Blowers provided for the DG set and silencer, air
2. Motors and release valve, design of downstream
Pumps equipments for blowers.
 The motors and pumps are selected in
165
 such a way that the noise levels will be
in the range of 40 – 55 dB.
 Ear plugs and Ear muffs will be
provided for the workers near noise
generating sources.
 Thick canopy type of trees will be
planted to attenuate noise any arising
from the STP.

5.2.5.12. ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

The following Enhancement Measure is encountered to overcome the environmental

impact:
 Greenbelt development
 Cost Estimate for Environmental Management Plan

5.2.5.13. GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT

The Greenbelt has been designed to minimize the predicted levels of the possible air
and noise pollutants.

Greenbelt will be effective in containing the pollutants due to the plant operations. The
main purpose of green belt development is to contribute to the following factors:
 To attenuate noise level generated from the plant;
 To improve the aesthetics of the plant area;
 To trap the vehicular and fugitive dust emissions;
 To act as a pollution sink for gaseous emissions;
 To maintain ecological balances;
 To prevent soil erosion and to protect the natural vegetation;
 To utilize the treated effluents.

A comprehensive greenbelt plan will be implemented to improve the ecological

condition.
 In the first phase, one row of evergreen and fast growing trees will be planted at
5m interval to enhance the water holding capacity, improve the organic content
and check the soil erosion.
166
  In Second phase, second row of trees in the directions of N, E & S and second and
third rows of trees in west direction with large leaf surface area will be planted
at 5m intervals.
 Additional rows of trees will be planted as an enhancement measure within the
site wherever possible, especially in the predominant wind direction.

The total trees after the implementation of this plant will be around 600 trees (6800
Sq.m). This will serve the important environmental objectives of the dust and fumes
capture, noise attenuation and wind barrier while also improving the aesthetics.

The proposed green belt will be implemented with locally available and sustainable
species will only be chosen for plantation.

A) Planned Species for Green Belt

While selecting the plant species for the proposed green belt, the following points have
been taken in to consideration:

 Should be a fast growing type;

 Should have a thick canopy cover;
 Should be perennially green;
 Should be preferably of native origin; and
 Should have large leaf area index.

B) Recommended Species for Plantation

Based on climate and soil characteristics of the study areas, some species are
recommended for plantation. The climate of the region is tropical, where there is
medium rainfall as well as extreme heat and soil temperature is very high in summer.
Hence, in order to have a ground cover, some fast growing species which do not require
watering have been recommended for mass plantation.

The below mentioned species not only resist water stress but also covers the ground
quickly and also have wider soil adaptability. For protecting the environment from dust,
167
 temperature, chemicals, and emissions the following species have been recommended.

Table 5-9 SUGGESTED PLANT SPECIES FOR GREENBELT

DEVELOPMENT
S.NO SCIENTIFIC NAME LOCAL NAME
1 Eucalyptus Tailapatra
2 Polyalthia longifolia Ashokamaram
3 Prunus amygdalus Badam maram
4 Aegle marmelos Vilvam maram
5 Azadirachta indica Vepa maram
6 Ficus religiosa Arasu maram
7 Pongamia pinnata Pungam maram

The above given suitable trees will be planted in consultation with the local body at the
time of implementing green belt operation.

Planting will be carried out in vacant space wherever possible using shrubs and ground
covers. Planting will be aimed to create a conductive microclimate and a visual impact.

Table 5-10 Cost Estimate for Environmental Management Plan

The following table gives the expenditure to be incurred by CMWSSB on environmental

matters.

Approximate Capital Operational Cost in

S.No. Description
Cost (Rs. In lakhs) lakhs per annum

1 Air Pollution Control measures 20 2

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) & Rain
2 2400 15
water harvesting measures
Environment Monitoring and
3 - 2.5
Management
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
4 5 2.5
(Membership & Facility development)

5 Energy Management 5 1

6 Occupational Health & Safety 3 5

7 Green belt Development 5 5
8 Environment Management Cell - 5
Total 2428 38

168
 6. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

The proposed STP is an Activated Sludge Process that will produce quality effluent after
the treatment, before discharge into the Buckingham canal. The nature of the proposed
system will prevent the production of odour and sludge thus, making the facility little
nuisance to the surrounding communities. The entire STP project has been conceived,
planned and developed as a pollution control-cum-resources recovery measure
following the direction of TNPCB. The project will therefore contribute significantly
positive impact on the prevailing environment. In addition, this project envisages the
following:

1. The clean and healthy environment of the town and the socio economic health
conditions of the public will improve by the implementation of such project.

2. Downstream of the Buckingham canal after the STP will get improved and it will be
more useful for cultivation.

3. The project envisages more cost benefit ratio due to least maintenance and more
revenue to the CMWSSB by selling the sludge cakes as manure used for agricultural
purposes.

All possible environmental aspects have been adequately assessed and necessary
control measures have been formulated to meet statutory requirements. Thus,
implementing the proposed project will not have any appreciable negative impacts.
With proper maintenance and environmental monitoring, the facility is not expected to
have any adverse effects on the surrounding communities.

169
 7. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

The consultant engaged and the brief description of the key personnel is furnished
below.

7.1. ABC TECHNO LABS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited an ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001
Certified Company & leading Environmental Engineering & Consultancy Company. We
are the first firm to be accredited by NABET (National Accreditation Board for
Education and Training), Quality Council of India, as an EIA Consultant. We are
equipped with in-house, spacious laboratory, accredited by NABL (National
Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories), Department of Science &
Technology, Government of India.

Since establishment our focus is on sustainable development of Industry and

Environment based on sound engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and most
important is satisfying customers need. The company has successfully completed more
than 100’s projects of variety of industries, in the field of pollution control. We are also
dealing in the projects of waste minimization and cleaner production technology. Our
team of technocrats and scientists are well experienced to deal with the Designing,
Manufacturing, Fabrication, Installation and Commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater
Treatment Plants, Sewage Treatment Plants, Combined Treatment Plants.

We are having a well experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are looking after
our well equipped analytical laboratory with a facility including analysis of physical,
chemical and biological parameters as per the requirements of the State Pollution
Control Board and our clients.

7.2. SERVICES OF ABC TECHNO LABS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

7.2.1. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

170
  Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

 Environmental Baseline data collection for Air, Meteorology, Noise, Water, Soil,
Ecology, Socio-Economic and Demography etc;

 Environmental Monitoring

 Socio Economic Studies

 Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan

 Ecological & Human Health Risk Assessment Studies

 Ecological Impact Assessment

 Environmental Management Framework

 Solid Waste Management

 Hazardous Waste Management

 Internship & Training

7.2.2. TURNKEY PROJECTS

 Water Treatment Plants

 Sewage Treatment Plant

 Recycling & Water Conservation Systems

 Zero Discharge System

Other Services

 Operation & Maintenance of Water & Waste Water Plants

 Water & Waste Water Treatment Chemicals

 Pilot Plant studies

 Feasibility studies & preparation of budgetary estimates

7.2.3. LABORATORY DIVISION

 Chemical Testing

 Environmental Testing

 Microbiological Testing

 Food Testing
171
7.2.4. METALLURGICAL TESTING

 Mechanical Test

 Chemical Testing

 Corrosion Testing

7.3. Sectors Accredited by National Accreditation Board for Education

and Training (NABET)

 Mining of Minerals (Opencast only)

 Thermal Power Plants

 Mineral Beneficiation including Pelletisation

 Metallurgical Industries ( Ferrous & Non Ferrous)

 Petroleum refining industry

 Chlor-alkali Industry

 Leather/skin/hide processing industry

 Chemical Fertilizers

 Textile – cotton and manmade fibres

 Synthetic Organic Chemical Industries

 Distilleries

 Sugar Industry

 Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals

 Airports

 Industrial Estates/ Parks/Complexes/Special Economic Zones

 Highways/Railways/Transport terminals/Mass rapid transport system

 Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs)

 Common Municipal Solid Waste Management facility (CMSWMF)

 Building & Construction Projects,

 Townships & Area Development Projects

172
7.4. STUDY TEAM

ABC Techno Lab India Private Limited has been carried out this Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) study. The multidisciplinary team included expertise in
Environmental Impact Assessment, Air & Water pollution & Control measures, Noise
Control measures, Ecology & bio-diversity, Land use, Geology, Environmental Chemistry
and Socio-Economic planner.

The team members were:

NAME ROLE
Dr. R.K. Jayaseelan EIA Coordinator & Functional Area Expert – Land Use

Dr. Muthiah Mariappan Functional Area Expert – Solid Waste Management

Dr. N. Sukumaran Functional Area Expert – Ecology & Biodiversity

Dr. Thillai Govindarajan Functional Area Expert – Hydrogeology and Geology

Mr. M. Senthil Kumar Functional Area Expert – Risk Assessment & Hazard
management
Mr. Vivek Mariappan Functional area Expert – Meteorology, Air Quality
Modeling & Prediction

Mr. R. Rajendran Functional area Expert – Air Pollution, Prevention and

Control of Pollution and Noise
Mrs. Geetha Shreeneevasakan Functional Area Expert – Socio-Economic Expert
Dr. S. Ramesh Functional Area Expert – Water Pollution, Prevention &
Control of pollution and Project Coordinator- Report of
Analysis, Preparation and Documentation
Dr.G.Sundar Project Coordinator – Report of Analysis, Preparation and
Documentation

Mr. G. Premkumar Project Engineer – Report Analysis and Documentation

Mrs. A.Geetha Priya
Mr. Robson Chinnadurai
Mr. Shafeer Babu
Mr. M. Muruganantham
Mr. Y. Venkateshwaralu
Mr. Sathish
Project Engineer – Report Analysis and Documentation
Senior Chemist-Environmental Monitoring
Analyst - Microbiologist
Analyst - Environmental Chemist
Field Technician
Field Technician

173
Annexures

174
 Annexure-I
Land Allotment G.O
176
 · ,

044-25993494 (Per.)
044-25990232(~

Roc.No.8520/97/F1 Dated: 22.02.11

To
The Managing Director
Chennai Metro Water Supply and
Sewerage-Board ­
Chennai-2

The Superindenting Engineer

Construction Sewerage - I
Chennai Metro Water Supply and
Sewerage Board
Chennai-2

Sub: STP - Thiruvottiyur Municipality ­ STP site in Ward No.D,

Block No.14, Ts.No.4/3 aready handed over - alternative site
finalised in Ts.No.3 - discussed with EE/CMWSSB - Site
handing over of Regarding.
Ref: 1. This office letter No.8520/97/F1 date 23.03.10
addressed to MD, CMWSSB
2. Letter No. CMWSSB/Con.SewlThiru-STP/2010
Date 14.01.11 from MD, CMWSSB

In the letter first cited a site measuring 5.0 Acres of land lying in Ward
No.D, Block No.14, Ts.No.4/3 has been handed over for commencing the
construction of Sewerage treatment plant.
r ~ -~ ~ In the letter 2nd cited it has been informed to sort out issues regarding
11~~fV' the encroachments in the said land to fascilitate the CMWSSB to start the
~#~ _' ~I'\",~ork. In this connection after considering the technical requirements with the
~r . \\)~ r 'Executive Engineer Mr.Chandran, a conclusion has been arrived to locate
_ ~\ \ the STP in the existing Compost Yard lying in Ts.No.3 on the Sourthern side
of the already handed over site for STP.
As required by the Executive Engineer, a land measuring about 100m
x 150 m lying in Ward No.D, Block No.14, Ts.No.3 (pt) is hereby handed over '
and it is requested that the work may be commenced immediately. Sketch
showing the new site is enclosed. ~ ~ _
~\A.~
--_...--'"
Commissioner
Thiruvottiyur Municipality
)..~l '--
Enclosed: Sketch

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PREPARED BY

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FOR
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THIRUVOTTlYUR MUNICIPALITY
CHENNAI - 600 019

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 Annexure-II
TNPCB Consent Copy- Water Act

178
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
 Annexure-III
TNPCB Consent Copy- Air Act

188
190
191
 Annexure-IV
Permission letter from
WRD for the disposal
of treated effluent into
Buckingham canal
 CMWSSB

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

To

Er R. Emaraj, B.E., The Superintending Engineer, III-Construction,

Chief Engineer, WRD, Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and,

Chennai Region, Sewerage Board,

Chepauk, Chennai-5. No.1, Pumping Station Road, Chinthadripet,

Chennai - 600 002.

Lr.No. T5 (3) /2515/2013/ dated.18.12.2013.

Sir,

Sub: CMWSSB - Thiruvettriyur UGSS - constructionnof 31 MLD capacity STP

Letting of treated effluent in to Buckingham Canal - No Objection Certificate of
WRD - Technical report - reg.
A

Ref: The Superintending Engineer, CMWSSB, Chennai-2 letter NO.CMWSSB / SEll!

/ Con. / Thiruvottiyur UGSS/STP / spll2013 J dated.14.02.2013.
<><> 0<><>

In the reference cited above, you have requested the permission of this department

letting the treated effluent from the 31 MLD vca-pacitY STP -under construction in

.
Sathankadu village in to the 8'cana/.

The proposed site was inspected and ascertained that the proposed letout pointis
located in the North Buckingham canal at the downstream side of Indian Oil Corporation
Bridge at LS 7900m. The canal wasstagilated with water without remarkable discharge.
Hence, the pipes should be laid in rows for the existing bund width of 20 meters in order
to allow free discharge without any obstruction. The Maximum Flood Level of North
Buckingham Canal is (+) 2.40m. Hence, the pipe line from the 31 MLD capacitySTP for
. letting of treated effluent into Buckingham Canal sh()~19.._be laid above the leveL oL_._.. ' .
. - '-~ -- -
. .. .. -.--'--"""~ - .
(+)2.400m.
Based on the flood experience and in view of the presence site condition observed
during the site inspection "permission" is granted for letting of treated effluent in to the
. .
B'canal near Thiruvottiyu(subject to the followirigterms and conditions.
 CMWSSB

1 The pipe line of the proposed letting point located at the North Buckingham Canal at
the downstream side of Indian Oil Corporation Bridge at LS 7900m should be laid in
rows over th~ existing bund width of 20 meters in order to allow free discharge of
letting of treated effluent into Bunking ham Canal.

2 CMWSSB is allowed to lay the pipe line in North Buckingham Canal in the work of .
Construction of 31 MLD capacy STP for letting of treated effluent into Buckingham
Canal only above the level of (+)2.400m. ie.the MFL of the North Buckingham canal
and this is allowed for a temporary occupation of 3 years from the date of
agreement.

3 The CMWSSB is responsible for assuring that the secondary treated effluent let out
into the B'canal will have the quality parameter as stipulated by TNPCB. A monthly
report should be sent to the Executive Engineer, Araniyar Basin Division, Chennai
for monitory this. .

4 The above work should be executed in the presence of Water Resources

Department officials only.

5 The work schedule should be informed to the Executive Engineer, WRD., Araniyar
Basin Division, Chepauk, Chennai=5 for monitoring.

6 CMWSSB should inform every stage of process prior enough and the WRD officials
may be called for inspection of the works periodically

7 CMWSSB .should do the above work at their own cost and they are solely

.
responsible for the structural safety and stability of the proposed structure .

8 The CMWSSB should enter into an agreement with the Executive Engineer, WRD,

Araniyar Basin Division, Chepauk, Chennai-5 after obtaining the No Objection

Certificate from Water Resources Department and it should be renewed once in 3

years.

9 A sum of Rs.1.00 Lakh shall be deposited towards the Caution Deposit in the form of ..
Demand Draft drawn .in favour of the Executive Engineer. WRD., Araniyai' Basin
Division, Chepauk, Chennai-5 which is refundable . .

10 After the completion of the work, the damaged portion of the BUckinghamCanal-:and
'WRD ·properties·etc if any should be set right and restored to the original condition
by the CMWSSB at their own cost. .
11 The Caution Deposit will be retained by Water· Resources Department for the period
. of 5(five) years to watch the effect of Buckingham Canetl waters and the damage
caused to the Buckingham Canal at this junction due to the construction of laid in
rows of pipes, If any damage is noticed during this period, which is leftout by the .
CMWSSB the repair will be carried by WRD and the cost of repair will be deducted
from the Caution Deposit. If the cost exceeds the Caution Deposit, the excess
amount should be remitted by CMWSSB. ·
 0 · .... ' ;1l _ _ _ _ _ _. •,
...

CMWSSB

12 CMWSSB should pay annual lease rent of Rs.14,5601-(Rupees fourteen

thousand five hundred and sixty only) in the form of Demand Draft drawn in

favour of Executive Engineer, WRD ., Araniyar Basin Division, Chepauk,

Chennai-5.

13 The lease rent should be paid in one lumpsum for 3 years of (14560 x 3)

Rs.43,6801- as advance.

14 The lease. rent now fixed will be revised from time to time based on the G.O in future

if any and guide line value.

15 SUbsequent Renewal should be obtained from the Water Resources

Department. For which, CMWSSB have to apply within two months before the

expiry of the earlier lease. period.

16 Advance intimation should be given to the Water Resources Department

Officials concerned before the commencement of work.

17 CMWSSB should not carry out any activity which obstructs·& or encroaches the

Buckingham Canal in the project area.

18 CMWSSB should allow the Water Resources Department officials for inspecting the

.Buckingham Canal and construction point of the proposed laid in rows of pipes as

and. when require.d_even after completion of work forperiodicaJinspection.

19 CMWSSB should striytly adhere to maintain the Hydralic standards of the

Buckingham canal. .

20 CMWSSB should not carry out any cross masonry works across the Buckingham

Canal without prior permission from the Water Resources Department.

21 If any change of alignment arises that shoule be got approved by Water Resources

Department well in advance.

22 Any clearance like pollution control, Coastal zone clearance,environment and other
related department etc., as per the rules has to be obtained from the respective
departments before executi9~.~_____ _

23 CMWSSB should abide by the rules and regulations of the Water Resources
Department from time to time.
. . .

24 CMWSSB should not privileage on the above lease portions of WRD lands . ..

25 CMWSSB should carry out periodic;:ll desilting works and removal of obstructions in ·
any formed in the Buckingham canal within their boundary at their own cost as and
when required and ensure free flow of water.

26 The proposed laid. in . rows of pipes should be maintained by CMWSSB at

CMWSSB's own cost.
 CMWSS B

27 The WRD permits only treated water with standards as per the norms prescribed by
the TNPCB and assured by the CMWSSB into the North Buckingham Canal.

28 After the completion of the work, the waste materials used should be
removed complete/y.

29 Necessary Provisions shall be made by the CMWSSB to maintain the normal flow in
Buckingham Canal at any time during execution.

30 There should not be any hindrance at any time to the free flow of water through the
Buckingham Canal to the downside.

31 Failing to comply with any of the above conditions, the Water Resources Department
reserves the rights to withdraw the No Objection Certificate issued and in that even,
the CMWSSB shall not be eligible for any compensation what so ever.

G.ftr~)~~:~
for Chief Engineer, WRD.,
Chennai Region, Chennai~5.

, (.:, Ill: ~"-rI"~lnO

~Q.,Uh.7 ~'f\eU' S- .