Setting Generic Distance Relay UTP-100#WPSC1

in the

Computer-Aided Protection Engineering System

(CAPE)

Prepared for

CAPE Users' Group

August 6, 1998
Revised August 24, 1998

Electrocon International, Inc. Georgia Power Company

Ann Arbor, Michigan Atlanta, Georgia

This document is the sole property of Electrocon International, Inc. and is provided to
the CAPE Users Group for its own use only. It may not be supplied to any third party,
or copied or reproduced in any form, without the express written permission of
Electrocon International, Inc. All copies and reproductions shall be the property of
Electrocon International, Inc. and must bear this ownership statement in its entirety.
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 Application Note on Setting Generic Distance Relay UTP-1000#WPSC1

I. Introduction

STYLE UTP-100#SOYLAND
MODEL UTP-100PG#SOYLAND
TYPE UTP
MANUFACTURER Generic
RELAY_CATEGORY_NAME Digital Package
INST_MANUAL_NUMBER 1400-806

Generic distance relay UTP-100#WPSC1 contains both phase and ground MHO
elements. It has the following properties:

• Instantaneous and time overcurrent elements with separate timers

• Four zones of distance protection; zone 4 normally set reverse
• Memory-polarized MHO characteristics without offset
• Separate phase and ground distance elements, with separate timers for zones 2, 3
and 4 and for phase and ground faults
• Internal phase and ground fault detectors for each DIST element
• Directional supervision for forward zones 1-3

All elements are set individually and have independent settings. There are no relay
common taps.

The following UTP-100 features are not in the generic CAPE relay:

Closed Breaker Detector (element 50DCB)

Under/Overvoltage elements (elements 27 and 59)
Reclosing (elements 79)
Synchronism Check (elements 25)
Current Reversal Logic (timer 69)
Communications Aided logic (under development in CAPE)
50L Fault Detector (used only for fault locator)

II. Elements

A. Internal Supervision

Two directional elements supervise the phase and ground elements as follows:

1
Phase elements:

DIR 32P
|
|-------------------------------
| | |
DIST "21P" Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
| All include IOC 50PFD |
| | | |
| | | |
| TIMER T21P2 T21P3 T21P4
| | | |
----------------------------------------
|
LZOP LOGIC

Ground elements:

DIR 32Q
|
|-------------------------------
| | |
DIST "21G" Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
| All include IOC 50PFD and 46NFD |
| | | |
| | | |
| TIMER T21G2 T21G3 T21G4
| | | |
----------------------------------------
|
LZOP LOGIC

Overcurrent elements

DIR 32Q
|
|--------------------------------
IOC IOC IOC TOC IOC
50N1 50N2 50N3 51N 50H
| (neutral current) | (phase)
| | | TIMER TA |
| TIMER T67N2 T67N3 (Time adder) |
| | | | |
---------------------------------------------
|
LZOP LOGIC

The TIMER TA setting is the TOC constant term "Time Adder". The negative-sequence
(32Q) directional elements will operate only for unbalanced faults, while the phase
distance MHO elements trip for both balanced (three-phase) and unbalanced faults. The

2
UTP manual does not explain how the actual relay operates for balanced faults. As a
compromise, we have implemented the 32P phase directional element to supervise the
phase MHO elements and the 32Q for the ground MHO elements. A more complicated
alternative would be to add one more DIST element per zone, with its own 32P
supervisor and its own timer, specifically for three-phase faults.

B. Distance Elements

The following descriptions refer to faults on phase loop BC and ground loop AG; the
other loops have the same form.

The fault detectors are not separate elements; they are set as taps for the distance
elements. Phase loop BC operates only if the currents on phases B and C both exceed
the pickup. Phase loop AG operates only if the phase A current exceeds the pickup. The
neutral fault detector operates only if the neutral current (3*IZERO) exceeds the
pickup.

The operating equations are taken from the Schweitzer 121F relay.

The element operates when two complex voltages S1 and S2 are in phase, i.e. when S1
leads S2 by between -90 deg and +90 deg. The model uses “memory” polarization with
the prefault voltages.

Phase loop:

S1 = Zi * (Ib - Ic) - (Vb - Vc)

S2 = -j * Vprefault_a

Ground loop:

S1 = Zi * Ia_comp - Va
S2 = Vprefault_a

Ia_comp = Ia + 3*I0 * (Z0/Z1 -1)/3

Zi = (Magnitude of zone i reach) /_MTA (i = 1,2,3,4)

Z0/Z1 = complex ratio of zero-sequence and positive-sequence line impedances
I0 = zero-sequence current

The MTA has a range of 0-90 degrees.

C. Directional Elements

The DIR elements are voltage polarized. The ranges of operating current pickup,
polarizing voltage pickup, and product pickup are set in the library.

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The fault direction is forward when the following product exceeds the product pickup:

For negative-sequence polarization

32Q = Re (In * conjg (Vn) exp (-j*MTA))

For positive-sequence polarization

32P = Re (Ip * conjg (Vp) exp (-j*MTA))

Here Ip, In, Vp and Vn are sequence relay currents and voltages, and the MTA is the
optimum phase lead of operating current from polarizing voltage. In some relays (e.g
Schweitzer) the terms 32P, 32Q and MTA are all defined differently, but the result is the
same.

Typically, the MTA is (-1 * line angle) for 32P and (180 deg - line angle) for 32Q. Here
the MTA ranges of -90-0 and 90-180 for 32P and 32Q respectively accommodate the
typical settings.

D. Neutral Time Overcurrent Element

Alternative TOC characteristic curves are available for the element:

UDP EXTREMELY INV

UDP MODERATELY INV
UDP NORMALLY INV
UDP NORMALLY INV
UDP VERY INV
IEEE VERY INV
IEEE EXTREMELY INV
VERY INVERSE (SEL)

The Schweitzer (SEL) curve provides a template for the user-programmable curve.

III. Description of Taps for Distance Elements

To set the generic relays, you set the individual elements. There are no relay common
taps.

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A. Distance Element Named Taps

1. REACH

This is the secondary line ohms in the forward direction. For a desired line reach and
line angle:

REACH = desired forward reach

MTA = line angle

You can also set the REACH tap in CAPE_CG using the DRAG_CURVE command.

2. K0 and K0_DEG

These are for the ground distance elements. K0 is the percentage of neutral current ( 3
* IZERO) added to the phase current in Ia-comp above:

K0 = 1/3 * abs (Z0/Z1 -1 ) * 100

K0_DEG = arg (Z0/Z1 -1 )
(default is zero if tap is missing)
Here Z0/Z1 is the ratio of zero-sequence and positive-sequence impedances for the
relay line. Typically, K0 is about 60% and K0_DEG is about -18 degrees.

3. 50PFD

This is the low-set pickup current for each phase, which restricts the operation of all the
DIST elements.

4. 46NFD

This is the neutral pickup current (3*I0) for the ground DIST elements.

B. Distance Element Unnamed Taps

1. Maximum Torque Angle Setting

(TORQUE_ANGLE_SET_UNIT_1) Angle (MTA degrees) of diameter of circular

characteristic. Usually set close to the line angle.

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2. Desired Reach Magnitude (DES_REACH_IMP_OHMS_PRIM_UNIT_1) and
Desired Reach Angle (DES_REACH_IMP_ANGLE_PRIM_UNIT_1)

These are optional taps. If you set them in the database CAPE will attempt to derive
tap settings for REACH to fit this desired reach with fixed MTA.

IV. Setting Instructions

This relay style is designed to protect for faults in the forward and reverse directions. If
the relay is considered a primary for forward faults only, its LZOP can be of type LINE.
If the relay provides the primary protection for faults in both directions, the LZOP must
be of type MISC. Then you must add all branches of both protected lines to the
MISC_LZOP_PROTECT_DATA for this relay.

1. When you place the relay you must connect an operating CT, an operating VT and a
polarizing VT.

2. Leave the CT_QUANTITY and VT_QUANTITY at their default settings.

3. Set the element taps as follows:

Element Taps to Set

DIST (all phase zones) REACH, MTA, 50PFD

DIST (all ground zones) REACH, MTA, K0, K0_DEG, 50PFD, 46NFD
IOC Pickup Setting
TOC Pickup Setting, Time Dial, Characteristic
DIR Operating Current, Polarizing Voltage and
Product pickups, and MTA for voltage
polarization

4. Set the MTA for the 32P DIR elements at (-1 * line angle) and the MTA for the 32Q
elements at (180 deg - line angle).

5. For each TIMER set the units (seconds, ms or cycles) and timer setting . The TOC
element has a separate timer TA to reproduce the optional “time adder” term. CAPE
CG does not show this timer in the TOC characteristics. To ignore this timer, set it
as zero or omit it from the contact logic in CAPE RC.

6. Set the Tripping Direction as “Forward” for the DIR elements and for DIST zones 1-
3; “Reverse” for the DIST zone 4 elements.

7. Set the CONTACT_LOGIC_CODEs for the elements in the LZOP logic, or use the
default logic codes in the library.

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If you use the default logic codes, notice that the only TIMER codes in the default
expressions are zone timers. Therefore the IOC , TOC and DIST elements that
supervise timers have default codes as follows:

GR_ZN2 GR_ZN2_2 GR_ZN2_3

GR_ZN3 GR_ZN3_2 GR_ZN3_3
PH_ZN2 PH_ZN2_2 PH_ZN2_3
PH_ZN3 PH_ZN3_2 PH_ZN3_3

From these codes the Database Editor automatically derives corresponding codes for the
supervised timers when you select Assign Default Logic on the LZOP Data form.

If you do not use Default Logic, use the following suggested contact logic codes.

Element Typical CONTACT_LOGIC_CODE

DIST 21G 1 GR_ZN1

DIST 21P 1 PH_ZN1

IOC 50H PH_IOC_HS

IOC 50N1 GR_IOC_1

TIMER T21G2 GR_ZN2

TIMER T21G3 GR_ZN3
TIMER T21G4 GR_ZN4
TIMER T21P2 PH_ZN2
TIMER T21P3 PH_ZN3
TIMER T21P4 PH_ZN4

TIMER T67N2 GR_IOC_2

TIMER T67N3 GR_IOC_3
TIMER TA GR_TOC_TA
TOC 51N GR_TOC

Other element CONTACT_LOGIC_CODES may be blank.

The LZOP logic for a stepped distance scheme with the high set IOC as a backup is:

PH_IOC_HS or GR_ZN1 or GR_ZN2 or GR_ZN3 or GR_ZN4 or PH_ZN1 or

PH_ZN2 or PH_ZN3 or PH_ZN4

LZOP logic for the TOC element alone, including the “adder” time, is

GR_TOC_TA

LZOP logic for the ground IOC elements alone is

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GR_IOC_1 or GR_IOC_2 or GR_IOC_3