Comentário sobre o aforismo 186 de BM

What emerges from the title of chapter 5 (Contribution to the natural history of morality)
reveals much about two fundamental themes in Nietzsche's philosophy, namely, "history"
and "moral", and points to a contradictory sign of modesty, that is, Nietzsche what he
intends to say on the subject would be somewhat preparatory, a kind of contribution.
Nevertheless, the aphorism 186 contains the main guidelines to be developed in the
Nietzschean genealogy of morality. From this aphorism are propagated the most
significant effects in the realm of practical philosophy, which will integrate diverse
perspectives of analysis of the moral phenomenon, such as history, psychology,
physiology and semiology.
Nietzsche begins his argument by indicating the disproportion between the refinement of
modern moral sensibility and the rudimentary myopia of the "science of morality." Until
then, according to Nietzsche, as soon as the philosophers who dealt with morality as
science, "all of them demanded of themselves, with a serious thesis, to make laugh,
something much higher, but pretentious, more solemn: they desired the foundation of
morality "- and every philosopher, writes Nietzsche,
"Believed until now to have grounded the moral; but the moral itself was taken as "given."
From these elements he alludes to the undertakings of Kant (Rationale of the metaphysics
of customs) and Schopenhauer (On the foundation of morality); such attempts at
grounding are for Nietzsche a naïve effort, lacking in self-criticism, claiming the
justification and philosophical legitimation of a certain type of moral, that is, of the
prevailing, Socratic-Platonic-Christian morality.