GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, KOLHAPUR - 416 004

(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)

Experiment No. 5

MEASUREMENT OF GEAR TOOTH PARAMETERS USING GEAR

TOOTH VERNIER
Aim: - To measure gear tooth thickness (Chordal thickness) and depth (Chordal depth).

Apparatus: - Surface plate, Spur gear, Gear tooth vernier caliper, Vernier caliper.
Objectives: - To understand working of Gear tooth vernier caliper.
Theory: -
Tooth Thickness (Chordal thickness): It is the arc distance measured along the pitch circle
from its intercept with one flank to its intercept with the flank of same tooth.
The teeth thickness measurement is the most important measurement. Most of the gear
manufacturers may not undergo checking of all other parameters but thickness measurement
is must.
Gear tooth thickness is measured by using gear tooth vernier caliper. It is applicable for gears
where tooth traces are straight line.
Depth (Chordal depth): It is the radial height of the tooth from the pitch circle to the tip of the
tooth.
Procedure: -

The gear tooth vernier has two vernier scales and they are set for thickness (W) of the tooth
and depth (d) from the top at which ‘W’ occurs.
Consider one gear tooth, the values of W and d can be found by using caliper. W is the chord
length but tooth thickness is specified by arc distance. Also, d is found out by using caliper
and is slightly greater than addendum. Therefore W and d are called Chordal thickness and
Chordal addendum respectively.

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 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, KOLHAPUR - 416 004
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)

Stepwise analytical procedure to find W and d: -

1. Take suitable gear and clean it.
2. Find the blank diameter O.D. by vernier caliper.
O.D. = ______ mm.
3. Count the number of teeth N of the gear.
N = _____ mm.
4. Calculate the pitch circle diameter P.C.D.
P.C.D. = (N x O.D.) / (N+2)
= ________ mm.

5. Calculate the module (m)

m = P.C.D / N
= _____ mm
6. Set the chordal depth on the vertical side of gear tooth vernier
da = (N x m/2) [ 1+(2/N) – Cos(90/N)]
da = _____ mm.
7. Insert the jaws of the instrument on the tooth to be measured.
8. Adjust the horizontal vernier side and the reading. It gives the chordal thickness (W)
of the tooth. W = _____ mm.
9. Repeat the procedure over the length of the same tooth at two to three different
places and vote the reading.
10. Repeat the observations for 2/3 different teeth.
11. Find out theoretical value of chordal thickness ‘W’.
W = N x m Sin(90/N)
= _____ mm.
12. Compare theoretical (calculated) and experimental value of W and state the reason
for variation.

Least count = 0.02 mm

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 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, KOLHAPUR - 416 004
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)

Observation Table: -
For Chordal Thickness (W)
M.S.R. V.S.R V.S.R x L.C. Total Reading Average
Sr. No
(A) (div.) (B) (C=A+B) Dimension
1
2
3
All readings are in mm

For Chordal Depth (da)

M.S.R. V.S.R V.S.R x L.C. Total Reading Average
Sr. No
(A) (div.) (B) (C=A+B) Dimension
1
2
3
All readings are in mm

Conclusion: -
Variations (if any) in the reading of Chordal thickness and/or Chordal depth is due to
1. Zero error in gear tooth vernier caliper.
2. Incorrect profile of the cutting tool.
3. Incorrect positioning of the tool w.r.t work.
4. Incorrect indexing of the gear blank.

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